Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Pierzchlinska, Marek Drozdzik, Monika Bialecka
Summary: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with unclear etiology and treatment options. Studies suggest that statins may have neuroprotective effects, but the data on this are conflicting. Cholesterol is essential for brain function and may also play a role in protecting against Parkinson's disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Maria-Ioanna Stefanou, Lina Palaiodimou, Aristeidis H. Katsanos, Haralampos Milionis, Maria Kosmidou, Vaia Lambadiari, Panagiotis Halvatsiotis, Panagiotis Ferentinos, Elizabeth Andreadou, Georgios Marinos, Aikaterini Theodorou, John S. Tzartos, Konstantinos Voumvourakis, Georgios Tsivgoulis, Sotirios Giannopoulos
Summary: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the disease modifying effects of statins in multiple sclerosis (MS). The results showed that add-on statin use did not significantly affect relapse risk or MRI outcomes in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients treated with IFN-beta. However, standalone simvastatin was associated with reduced whole-brain volume reduction in secondary-progressive MS (SPMS), and statins were shown to have potential benefits in clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and optic neuritis (ON). Further research is needed to confirm these findings and evaluate the efficacy of statins in these specific subtypes of MS.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sandip Rahangdale, Rajshree Fating, Mona Gajbhiye, Mona Kapse, Nazma Inamdar, Nandkishor Kotagale, Milind Umekar, Brijesh Taksande
Summary: Statins have antidepressant-like effects, potentially through promoting the release of agmatine and interacting with imidazoline receptors. These drugs also increase the levels of agmatine in the brain, presenting a new direction for potential treatment of depression.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Oliver J. Liakopoulos, Elmar W. Kuhn, Martin Hellmich, Markus Schloemicher, Justus Strauch, Wilko Reents, Anno Diegeler, Matthias Thielmann, Daniel Wendt, Jochen Boergermann, Jan F. Gummert, Christian Stoppe, Andreas Goetzenich, Sven Martens, Hermann Reichenspurner, Jens Wippermann, Hannes Reuter, Yeong-Hoon Choi, Thorsten Wahlers
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the effects of high-dose statin therapy before surgical revascularization. The results showed that additional statin loading before surgery did not reduce the rate of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) occurring within 30 days.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Bojana Petek, Henrike Habel, Hong Xu, Marta Villa-Lopez, Irena Kalar, Minh Tuan Hoang, Silvia Maioli, Joana B. Pereira, Shayan Mostafaei, Bengt Winblad, Milica Gregoric Kramberger, Maria Eriksdotter, Sara Garcia-Ptacek
Summary: This study explores the association between the use of lipid-lowering medications and cognitive decline over time in patients with AD or mixed dementia. The results suggest that statin treatment may benefit cognitive function in some patients with AD or mixed dementia. However, further research is needed to clarify the results of sensitivity analyses.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hyo Jeong Lee, Kyungdo Han, Yong Wook Kim, Seung Nam Yang, Seo Yeon Yoon
Summary: This study aimed to examine the association between lipid levels and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) and evaluate whether the association changes with the use of statins. The results showed an inverse association between lipid levels and PD development in patients with DM, which was influenced by statin use.
PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nicholas B. Alana, William A. Ciurylo, Natalie Hurlock
Summary: This study suggests that moderate and high intensity statin medications may reduce the frequency of DIC in critically ill patients with severe sepsis or septic shock.
JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND THROMBOLYSIS
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Dongbo Yu, James K. Liao
Summary: This review discusses the development of statins, their non-lipid-lowering benefits, and proposes future research directions in this field.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Giovanna Lupo, Silvia Marchiano, Maria Pia Adorni, Francesca Zimetti, Massimiliano Ruscica, Maria Francesca Greco, Alberto Corsini, Nicola Ferri
Summary: Overexpression of PCSK9 in rat SMCs led to downregulation of LDL receptor and marker of contractile phenotype. This resulted in increased cell proliferation rate and partial resistance to simvastatin, indicating a potential role of PCSK9 in atherosclerotic plaque development and pharmacological response to statins.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kush K. K. Patel, Khosrow Kashfi
Summary: Cholesterol is a vital molecule for maintaining normal physiological homeostasis and serves as a precursor for various substances. However, high cholesterol levels are associated with diseases and cancer progression. Mechanisms for cholesterol-mediated cancer progression include activation of oncogenic signaling pathways and induction of oxidative stress. Lipoprotein molecules HDL and LDL play important roles in this pathogenesis. Some cholesterol-lowering medications may have potential in cancer treatment.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ayala Hirsch, Natali Ternovsky, Donna R. R. Zwas, Reut Rotem, Offer Amir, Bruria Hirsh Raccah
Summary: This study assessed the effect of statin exposure during pregnancy on congenital anomalies and spontaneous abortions. The results showed that overall, treatment with statins during pregnancy was not associated with an increased risk of congenital anomalies. There was also no significant association between lipophilic statins and the rate of congenital anomalies. However, pregnant women receiving statins did have a slight elevation in the risks of cardiac malformation and spontaneous abortions.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Mitra Nekouei Shahraki, Soroush Mohammadi Jouabadi, Daniel Bos, Bruno H. Stricker, Fariba Ahmadizar
Summary: This review aimed to determine the association between statin use and coronary artery calcification (CAC) in the general population. The analysis of previously published observational studies and randomized controlled trials revealed differences in the effects of statins on CAC depending on the study design.
CURRENT ATHEROSCLEROSIS REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Mitra Nekouei Shahraki, Soroush Mohammadi Jouabadi, Daniel Bos, Bruno H. Stricker, Fariba Ahmadizar
Summary: This review aimed to determine the association between statin use and coronary artery calcification (CAC). Observational studies found an association between statin use and higher CAC scores and presence, while randomized controlled trials did not show statistically significant results and varied depending on the quantification method.
CURRENT ATHEROSCLEROSIS REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Sukhbir Singh, Ishrat Zahoor, Neelam Sharma, Tapan Behl, Neha Kanojia, Aayush Sehgal, Syam Mohan, Yosif Almoshari, Ahmad Salawi, Lotfi Aleya, Simona Bungau
Summary: Hyperlipidemia, characterized by high levels of lipids and lipoproteins in blood circulation, is the primary cause of heart disorders. Pharmacologic therapy and lifestyle adjustments can be used for both primary and secondary prophylaxis of heart disease. Statins, particularly HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are preferred for primary prevention. Recent advancements in nanoparticle drug carriers for statins in hyperlipidemia therapy are discussed in this review.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wencui Yin, Reem Al-Wabli, Mohamed W. Attwa, A. F. M. Motiur Rahman, Adnan A. Kadi
Summary: This study detected and characterized simvastatin and its metabolites in various organs and samples of rats using MALDI Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Different sample loading and cell disruption methods were evaluated, and 13 metabolites were detected.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Asya I. Wallach, Michael Waltz, T. Charles Casper, Gregory Aaen, Anita Belman, Leslie Benson, Tanuja Chitnis, Mark Gorman, Jennifer Graves, Yolanda Harris, Timothy E. Lotze, Soe Mar, Manikum Moodley, Jayne M. Ness, Mary Rensel, Moses Rodriguez, John W. Rose, Teri Schreiner, Jan-Mendelt Tillema, Emmanuelle Waubant, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, Leigh E. Charvet, Lauren B. Krupp
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Orhun H. Kantarci, Burcu Zeydan, Elizabeth J. Atkinson, Brittani L. Conway, Carmen Castrillo-Viguera, Moses Rodriguez
NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kristen M. Krysko, Jennifer S. Graves, Mary Rensel, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, Alice Rutatangwa, Gregory Aaen, Anita Belman, Leslie Benson, Tanuja Chitnis, Mark Gorman, Manu S. Goyal, Yolanda Harris, Lauren Krupp, Timothy Lotze, Soe Mar, Manikum Moodley, Jayne Ness, Moses Rodriguez, John Rose, Teri Schreiner, Jan-Mendelt Tillema, Michael Waltz Mas, T. Charles Casper MStat, Emmanuelle Waubant
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jennifer Lord, M. Mateo Paz Soldan, Jonathan Galli, Karen L. Salzman, Jacob Kresser, Rae Bacharach, L. Dana DeWitt, Julia Klein, John Rose, John Greenlee, Stacey L. Clardy
NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Roman M. Kassa, Elia Sechi, Eoin P. Flanagan, Timothy J. Kaufmann, Orhun H. Kantarci, Brian G. Weinshenker, Jay Mandrekar, William F. Schmalstieg, M. Mateo Paz Soldan, B. Mark Keegan
Summary: The study compared the onset of progressive motor impairment in patients with highly restricted versus unlimited CNS lesion burden. It found that the age of motor-progression onset is similar, but paradoxically earlier, in cohorts with highly restricted CNS lesion burden. The critical demyelinating lesion is a major contributor to motor-progression onset.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Stephen L. Hauser, Amit Bar-Or, Jeffrey A. Cohen, Giancarlo Comi, Jorge Correale, Patricia K. Coyle, Anne H. Cross, Jerome de Seze, David Leppert, Xavier Montalban, Krzysztof Selmaj, Heinz Wiendl, Cecile Kerloeguen, Roman Willi, Bingbing Li, Algirdas Kakarieka, Davorka Tomic, Alexandra Goodyear, Ratnakar Pingili, Dieter A. Haring, Krishnan Ramanathan, Martin Merschhemke, Ludwig Kappos
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Mahboubeh Fereidan-Esfahani, Wei Ying Yue, Brandon Wilbanks, Aaron J. Johnson, Arthur E. Warrington, Charles L. Howe, Moses Rodriguez, Louis J. Maher
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Avijit Barik, Xiaoshu Chen, L. James Maher, Arthur E. Warrington, Moses Rodriguez, Sang-Hyun Oh, Nathan J. Wittenberg
Summary: The study demonstrates a gold nanogap electrode platform that utilizes low-voltage dielectrophoresis to rapidly create a linear array of biological particles and combines microfluidic buffer exchange to immobilize particles and introduce protein molecules. The platform can be used to study a variety of biomolecular interactions, making it a potential tool for portable biosensing platforms with improved detection limits in physiological buffers.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Rujapope Sutiwisesak, Terry C. Burns, Moses Rodriguez, Arthur E. Warrington
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by demyelination. Remyelination, the natural repair process, eventually fails in most patients. Development of therapeutics for remyelination needs to take into account the heterogeneity of human MS, since some patients lack the necessary biological targets for current approaches.
EXPERT OPINION ON INVESTIGATIONAL DRUGS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mary K. Horton, Kathryn McCauley, Douglas Fadrosh, Kei Fujimura, Jennifer Graves, Jayne Ness, Yolanda Wheeler, Mark P. Gorman, Leslie A. Benson, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, Amy Waldman, Moses Rodriguez, Jan-Mendelt Tillema, Lauren Krupp, Anita Belman, Soe Mar, Mary Rensel, Tanuja Chitnis, Theron Charles Casper, John Rose, Janace Hart, Xiaorong Shao, Helen Tremlett, Susan V. Lynch, Lisa F. Barcellos, Emmanuelle Waubant
Summary: The study identified specific gut microbes associated with multiple sclerosis activity, including Odoribacter and Butyricicoccus which produce butyrate, as well as specific networks of co-occurring gut microbes. These microbes may influence the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis by modulating amino acid biosynthesis pathways.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Benjamin M. Greenberg, Theron Charles Casper, Soe S. Mar, Jayne M. Ness, Patricia Plumb, Shannon Liang, Manu Goyal, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, Moses Rodriguez, Gregory S. Aaen, Anita Belman, Lisa F. Barcellos, John W. Rose, Mark P. Gorman, Leslie A. Benson, Meghan Candee, Tanuja Chitnis, Yolanda C. Harris, Ilana L. Kahn, Shelly Roalstad, Janace Hart, Timothy E. Lotze, Mary Rensel, Jennifer P. Rubin, Teri L. Schreiner, Jan-Mendelt Tillema, Amy Tara Waldman, Lauren Krupp, Jennifer Graves, Kaylea Drake, Emmanuelle Waubant
Summary: The study found an increased prevalence of autoimmune conditions among family members of pediatric MS patients compared to controls, as well as a higher rate of MS among second-degree relatives of pediatric MS cases. This indicates a potential shared genetic factor among families with children diagnosed with pediatric MS.
NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Justin R. Abbatemarco, Jonathan R. Galli, Michael L. Sweeney, Noel G. Carlson, Verena C. Samara, Haley Davis, Stefanie Rodenbeck, Ka-Ho Wong, M. Mateo Paz Soldan, John E. Greenlee, John W. Rose, Alen Delic, Stacey L. Clardy
Summary: A retrospective study of 4,084 US Veterans Health Administration patients identified 1,001 individuals with confirmed transverse myelitis, with a prevalence rate of 7.86 cases per 100,000 people. The study highlighted a higher mortality rate among certain patient subgroups, emphasizing the need for precise diagnosis and optimal management for transverse myelitis patients in the future.
NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
A. Linda Villani, L. Eric Stulberg, R. Justin Abbatemarco, J. Christian Davidson, Robert Kadish, R. David Renner, M. Mateo Paz Soldan, W. John Rose, L. Stacey Clardy, E. John Greenlee
Summary: This case describes a 58-year-old male patient with severe discoid lupus and acute encephalopathy, who was diagnosed with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. It highlights the importance of clinical vigilance in rare disease occurrences.
CLINICAL NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Yoji Hoshina, Jonathan Galli, Ka-Ho Wong, Tibor Kovacsovics, Mary Steinbach, Karen L. Salzman, Joseph Scott McNally, Eric Lancaster, M. Mateo Paz Soldan, Stacey L. Clardy
Summary: This study reported 3 cases of anti-GABA(A)R encephalitis in multiple myeloma (MM) patients with a history of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (aHSCT). The patients all presented with new seizures, altered cognitive function, and multifocal nonenhancing brain lesions on MRI.
NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jason T. Poon, Karen Salzman, Stacey L. Clardy, M. Mateo Paz Soldan
Summary: Adrenal crisis can present with life-threatening complications and mimic other autoimmune conditions. The reported case demonstrated various neurological complications, including encephalopathy and encephalitis, during multiple hospital admissions. It is important for physicians to recognize that encephalopathy from adrenal insufficiency can occur even without hemodynamic or electrolyte changes.