Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Pratik Ghosal, Rajarshi Ray
Summary: The nonthermal correction to the emission probability of particles from black holes is significant as it helps determine the probability of complete black hole evaporation and matches the initial entropy of the black hole. The study reveals that this probability distribution resembles Wien's displacement law for blackbody radiation.
Article
Mathematics
Rehan Ahmad Khan Sherwani, Sadia Iqbal, Shumaila Abbas, Muhammad Aslam, Ali Hussein AL-Marshadi
Summary: This research introduces the neutrosophic negative binomial distribution to address issues related to interval-valued data under the negative binomial distribution, including derivations of various properties of the proposed distribution and discussions on its applications in real data scenarios.
JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Fabian R. N. Schneider, Philipp Podsiadlowski, Eva Laplace
Summary: In this study, it is found that binary-stripped stars contribute to the bimodal mass spectrum of black holes in binary black hole mergers, with characteristic masses of about 9 and 16 solar masses. The bimodality is attributed to carbon and neon burning becoming neutrino dominated, leading to difficult explosion and black hole formation. The observed chirp-mass distribution in gravitational-wave observations aligns with the features predicted by the models of binary-stripped stars, suggesting their potential use in constraining stellar evolution and supernova physics, as well as measuring cosmological expansion.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Liang Ma, Yi Pang, Hong Lu
Summary: We report the first discovery that in the heterotic string compactified on a 4-torus or equivalently the IIA string compactified on K3, the leading alpha' corrections to the entropy of rotating black strings at fixed conserved charges can be negative. This implies that the correction to the mass of extremal rotating strings is positive, contrary to the standard expectation from the weak gravity conjecture. Our findings suggest that the validity of the positivity of entropy shift due to higher order operators depends on other factors that were previously omitted in the effective field theory analysis.
SCIENCE CHINA-PHYSICS MECHANICS & ASTRONOMY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yasutaka Koga, Tomohiro Harada, Yuichiro Tada, Shuichiro Yokoyama, Chul-Moon Yoo
Summary: By incorporating the effect of critical phenomena of gravitational collapse, the study investigates the probability distribution of effective inspiral spin, mass ratio, and chirp mass of primordial black hole (PBH) binaries. It is found that although critical phenomena can lead to large spins on the low-mass tail, the effective inspiral spin of the binary is statistically very small, and there is almost no anticorrelation between effective inspiral spin and mass ratio.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Dimitrios Psaltis, Colm Talbot, Ethan Payne, Ilya Mandel
Summary: This paper quantifies the potential upper bounds on black-hole metric deviations based on observations of black-hole shadows and binary black-hole inspirals. The study finds no evidence for deviations from the Kerr metric within the 8 orders of magnitude in mass and 16 orders in curvature spanned by the black holes. Future discoveries of coalescing black-hole binaries with low-mass components may help break the degeneracy between deviation parameters.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Peter G. Jonker, Karamveer Kaur, Nicholas Stone, Manuel A. P. Torres
Summary: The discovery of gravitational-wave radiation from merging black holes has revealed a wide range of black hole masses, with some exceeding the mass of the currently known most massive black hole by many times. Studies suggest that selection effects may bias the current sample of confirmed black hole LMXBs, leading to a lack of the most massive black holes in the sample.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sylvia Biscoveanu, Thomas A. Callister, Carl-Johan Haster, Ken K. Y. Ng, Salvatore Vitale, Will M. Farr
Summary: The population-level distributions of binary black holes observed using gravitational waves can shed light on how these systems form and evolve. A study found that the width of the effective spin distribution grows with redshift, and this trend remains constant and unlikely to be spurious.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yubo Su, Bin Liu, Dong Lai
Summary: Research indicates that mechanisms involving a tertiary companion inducing eccentric cycles in the inner binary during black hole mergers can significantly enhance the merger probability, especially when there are octupole effects. Octupole-enhanced binary black hole mergers are more favorable for binaries with smaller mass ratios. Results show that in hierarchical triples, the binary merger fraction can increase up to 20 times as the mass ratio decreases from 1 to 0.2.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Hiromichi Tagawa, Zoltan Haiman, Imre Bartos, Bence Kocsis, Kazuyuki Omukai
Summary: This study investigates the evidence of hierarchical mergers in recent gravitational wave observations, presenting distributions of spin parameters and chirp mass expected in these mergers. Bayesian analysis reveals certain characteristics in the data that can provide insights into the astrophysical implications of these events.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Shambaditya Das, Biman Kanti Ray, Arka Prava Chakraborty, Abhirup Banerjee, Alak Pandit, Gautam Das, Souvik Dubey
Summary: MRI-negative lupus myelitis is a rare manifestation in SLE patients, characterized by white matter dysfunction and often selective tract involvement. It shows good response to immunosuppressive therapy.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
D. S. Ageev, I. Ya. Aref'eva, A. I. Belokon, A. V. Ermakov, V. V. Pushkarev, T. A. Rusalev
Summary: This paper considers the infrared regularization of semi-infinite entangling regions and the formation of islands for regions of finite size in eternal Schwarzschild black holes. It examines whether the properties of complementarity and pure state condition of entanglement entropy can be preserved in the given approximation. A special regularization method satisfying these two properties is proposed. Two fundamental types of finite regions, called mirrorsymmetric (MS) and asymmetric (AS), are derived. For MS regions, a discontinuous evolution of the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation is discovered due to the finite lifetime of the island. The entanglement entropy of matter for semi-infinite regions in two-sided Schwarzschild black holes does not follow the Page curve. The lifetime of AS regions is bounded from above due to the phenomenon known as Cauchy surface breaking. Shortly before this breaking, the island configuration becomes nonsymmetric. For both types of finite regions, there is a critical size below which the island never dominates. For regions smaller than some other critical size, the island does not emerge. Finally, it is shown that the island prescription does not help to solve the information paradox for certain finite regions.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Miguel A. S. Martinez, Carl L. Rodriguez, Giacomo Fragione
Summary: Observations have shown that most massive stars, which are the progenitors of black holes, usually have more than one stellar companion. In triple systems, the merging of wide inner binaries can be caused by a third body through long-term secular interactions, especially the eccentric Lidov-Kozai effect. This study explores the characteristics of black hole mergers in triple systems and compares them to the properties of binaries formed in isolation and in dense star clusters. The results demonstrate that stellar triples have a flatter mass ratio distribution compared to binary stars or dense stellar clusters, which is consistent with the properties of observed gravitational-wave events.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Vaibhav Tiwari, Stephen Fairhurst
Summary: The study reconstructs the mass and spin distributions of merging black holes using gravitational wave signals, identifying multiple peaks in the chirp mass and component mass distribution within the observed population. The peaks are separated by a factor of around two, with a lack of mergers in the chirp mass range of 10-12 M. The results suggest a hierarchical merger scenario with potential implications if corroborated by future gravitational wave observations.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
S. Jalalzadeh
Summary: We investigated the quantum deformation of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation for a Schwarzchild black hole and discovered the quantization, degeneracy, and boundedness of the event horizon area and mass. The degeneracy of states indicates the presence of entangled quantum black hole/white hole states, providing a new framework to study Einstein-Rosen wormhole solutions.
Article
Oncology
Philipp Vollmuth, Martha Foltyn, Raymond Y. Huang, Norbert Galldiks, Jens Petersen, Fabian Isensee, Martin J. van den Bent, Frederik Barkhof, Ji Eun Park, Yae Won Park, Sung Soo Ahn, Gianluca Brugnara, Hagen Meredig, Rajan Jain, Marion Smits, Whitney B. Pope, Klaus Maier-Hein, Michael Weller, Patrick Y. Wen, Wolfgang Wick, Martin Bendszus
Summary: This study aimed to assess the reproducibility and standardization of treatment response assessment using artificial intelligence (AI) decision support in MRI. The results showed that AI decision support can provide better evaluation of treatment response in patients with lower-grade gliomas compared to manual measurements.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Jarith L. Ebenau, Denise Visser, Sander C. J. Verfaillie, Tessa Timmers, Mardou S. S. A. van Leeuwenstijn, Mara ten Kate, Albert D. Windhorst, Frederik Barkhof, Philip Scheltens, Niels D. Prins, Ronald Boellaard, Wiesje M. van der Flier, Bart N. M. van Berckel
Summary: This study investigated the associations between cerebral blood flow (CBF), amyloid burden, and cognition in cognitively normal individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). The results suggest that amyloid accumulation and decrease in rCBF are two parallel disease processes without a fixed order, and both provide unique predictive information for cognitive decline, with each process enhancing the other longitudinally.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ren Wei, Xiaolu Xu, Yunyun Duan, Ningnannan Zhang, Jie Sun, Haiqing Li, Yuxin Li, Yongmei Li, Chun Zeng, Xuemei Han, Fuqing Zhou, Muhua Huang, Runzhi Li, Zhizheng Zhuo, Frederik Barkhof, James H. Cole, Yaou Liu
Summary: This study evaluated the clinical significance of deep learning-derived brain age prediction in NMOSD and RRMS. The results showed that both NMOSD and RRMS patients had a significantly higher brain age gap compared to healthy controls. The brain age gap was associated with baseline disability score, advanced brain volume loss, and disease duration. Additionally, the brain age gap predicted the worsening of disability status in both NMOSD and RRMS patients.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rosa Cortese, Ferran Prados Carrasco, Carmen Tur, Alessia Bianchi, Wallace Brownlee, Floriana De Angelis, Isabel de la Paz, Francesco Grussu, Lukas Haider, Anu Jacob, Baris Kanber, Lise Magnollay, Richard S. Nicholas, Anand Trip, Marios Yiannakas, Ahmed T. Toosy, Yael Hacohen, Frederik Barkhof, Olga Ciccarelli
Summary: This study investigated whether imaging characteristics could differentiate between relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). The results showed that the proportion of lesions with the central vein sign (CVS) was the most accurate measure to differentiate RRMS from AQP4-NMOSD, while white matter lesions were the most accurate measure to discriminate RRMS from MOGAD.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Sophie A. Martin, Florence J. Townend, Frederik Barkhof, James H. Cole
Summary: Machine learning research for automated dementia diagnosis is growing in popularity, but its clinical impact has been limited so far. The challenge lies in developing robust and generalizable models that can provide reliable explanations for their decisions. Some models are inherently interpretable, while post hoc explainability methods can be used for other models.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
P. M. Cogswell, C. R. Jack Jr, J. A. Barakos, F. Barkhof, T. S. Benzinger, C. A. Raji, T. Y. Poussaint, V. K. Ramanan, C. T. Whitlow
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alberto Calvi, Margareta A. Clarke, Ferran Prados, Declan Chard, Olga Ciccarelli, Manel Alberich, Deborah Pareto, Marta Rodriguez Barranco, Jaume Sastre-Garriga, Carmen Tur, Alex Rovira, Frederik Barkhof
Summary: This study found that chronic active lesions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), known as slowly expanding lesions (SELs) and paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs), are associated with greater clinical progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. SELs are more numerous than PRLs in MS patients.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2023)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Ludwig Kappos, Frederik Barkhof, Bernard Uitdehaag
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Jieqing Jiao, Fiona Heeman, Rachael Dixon, Catriona Wimberley, Isadora Lopes Alves, Juan Domingo Gispert, Adriaan A. Lammertsma, Bart N. M. van Berckel, Casper da Costa-Luis, Pawel Markiewicz, David M. Cash, M. Jorge Cardoso, Sebastien Ourselin, Maqsood Yaqub, Frederik Barkhof
Summary: This paper introduces a Python-based software package called NiftyPAD for versatile analyses of dynamic PET data. NiftyPAD can handle dual-time window scans, pharmacokinetic modelling, and PET data-based motion correction. It produces comparable results with established software packages and has the advantages of multi-platform usage, modular setup, and lightweight.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Zoe Mendelsohn, Hugh G. Pemberton, James Gray, Olivia Goodkin, Ferran Prados Carrasco, Michael Scheel, Jawed Nawabi, Frederik Barkhof
Summary: This article provides a systematic review of commercial QReports for multiple sclerosis (MS), highlighting limited evidence regarding clinical validation and in-use evaluation, particularly the lack of clinician end-user testing. The review aims to provide clinicians and institutions with the available evidence when considering adopting a quantitative reporting tool for MS.
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Gilbert Hangel, Barbara Schmitz-Abecassis, Nico Sollmann, Joana Pinto, Fatemehsadat Arzanforoosh, Frederik Barkhof, Thomas Booth, Marta Calvo-Imirizaldu, Guilherme Cassia, Marek Chmelik, Patricia Clement, Ece Ercan, Maria A. Fernandez-Seara, Julia Furtner, Elies Fuster-Garcia, Matthew Grech-Sollars, N. Tugay Guven, Gokce Hale Hatay, Golestan Karami, Vera C. Keil, Mina Kim, Johan A. F. Koekkoek, Simran Kukran, Laura Mancini, Ruben Emanuel Nechifor, Alpay Ozcan, Esin Ozturk-Isik, Senol Piskin, Kathleen M. Schmainda, Siri F. Svensson, Chih-Hsien Tseng, Saritha Unnikrishnan, Frans Vos, Esther Warnert, Moss Y. Zhao, Radim Jancalek, Teresa Nunes, Lydiane Hirschler, Marion Smits, Jan Petr, Kyrre E. Emblem
Summary: Preoperative clinical MRI protocols for gliomas still rely on conventional structural MRI, which does not provide information on tumor genotype and has limitations in the delineation of diffuse gliomas. The GliMR COST action aims to raise awareness about advanced MRI techniques in gliomas and their potential clinical translation. This review summarizes current methods, limitations, and applications of advanced MRI for the preoperative assessment of glioma, and evaluates the level of clinical validation of different techniques.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2023)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Lydiane Hirschler, Nico Sollmann, Barbara Schmitz-Abecassis, Joana Pinto, Fatemehsadat Arzanforoosh, Frederik Barkhof, Thomas Booth, Marta Calvo-Imirizaldu, Guilherme Cassia, Marek Chmelik, Patricia Clement, Ece Ercan, Maria A. Fernandez-Seara, Julia Furtner, Elies Fuster-Garcia, Matthew Grech-Sollars, Nazmiye Tugay Guven, Gokce Hale Hatay, Golestan Karami, Vera C. Keil, Mina Kim, Johan A. F. Koekkoek, Simran Kukran, Laura Mancini, Ruben Emanuel Nechifor, Alpay Oezcan, Esin Ozturk-Isik, Senol Piskin, Kathleen Schmainda, Siri F. Svensson, Chih-Hsien Tseng, Saritha Unnikrishnan, Frans Vos, Esther Warnert, Moss Y. Zhao, Radim Jancalek, Teresa Nunes, Kyrre E. Emblem, Marion Smits, Jan Petr, Gilbert Hangel
Summary: This article introduces the preoperative clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols for gliomas, which still rely on conventional structural MRI. However, this method lacks information on tumor genotype and has limitations in delineating diffuse gliomas. The GliMR COST action aims to raise awareness and discuss the clinical translation of advanced MRI techniques for gliomas.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Ivar J. H. G. Wamelink, Hugo L. L. Hempel, Elsmarieke van de Giessen, Mark H. M. Vries, Philip De Witt Hamer, Frederik Barkhof, Vera C. C. Keil
Summary: This study aims to understand the experiences of patients with primary brain tumors regarding MRI, follow-up protocols, and the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). The analysis of patient surveys revealed that patients consistently underestimated the number of previous scans and most patients did not find MRI bothersome and would not change the frequency of follow-up MRIs. Women were found to be more uncomfortable with the MRI and receiving intravenous cannulas. Patient knowledge of GBCAs was limited.
JOURNAL OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Vinzenz Fleischer, Gabriel Gonzalez-Escamilla, Deborah Pareto, Alex Rovira, Jaume Sastre-Garriga, Piotr Sowa, Einar A. Hogestol, Hanne F. Harbo, Barbara Bellenberg, Carsten Lukas, Serena Ruggieri, Claudio Gasperini, Tomas Uher, Manuela Vaneckova, Stefan Bittner, Ahmed E. Othman, Sara Collorone, Ahmed T. Toosy, Sven G. Meuth, Frauke Zipp, Frederik Barkhof, Olga Ciccarelli, Sergiu Groppa
Summary: This study investigated the prognostic value of longitudinal structural networks in predicting 5-year Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) progression in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. The study found that changes in network degree and global efficiency can predict disability accumulation independent of disease activity, and these network measures outperform conventional MRI predictors in predicting EDSS worsening.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Alexander Neumann, Olena Ohlei, Fahri Kucukali, Isabelle J. Bos, Jigyasha Timsina, Stephanie Vos, Dmitry Prokopenko, Betty M. Tijms, Ulf Andreasson, Kaj Blennow, Rik Vandenberghe, Philip Scheltens, Charlotte E. Teunissen, Sebastiaan Engelborghs, Giovanni B. Frisoni, Oliver Blin, Jill C. Richardson, Regis Bordet, Alberto Lleo, Daniel Alcolea, Julius Popp, Thomas W. Marsh, Priyanka Gorijala, Christopher Clark, Gwendoline Peyratout, Pablo Martinez-Lage, Mikel Tainta, Richard J. B. Dobson, Cristina Legido-Quigley, Christine Van Broeckhoven, Rudolph E. Tanzi, Mara ten Kate, Christina M. Lill, Frederik Barkhof, Carlos Cruchaga, Simon Lovestone, Johannes Streffer, Henrik Zetterberg, Pieter Jelle Visser, Kristel Sleegers, Lars Bertram
Summary: This study identified five genetic loci associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker profiles related to Alzheimer's disease (AD), two of which were newly discovered. The study also found seven loci that showed sex-specific associations with AD biomarkers. Mediation tests revealed that variants in APOE are associated with AD status through processes related to amyloid and tau pathology, while markers in TMEM106B and CHI3L1 are associated with AD only through neuronal injury/inflammation.