期刊
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
卷 28, 期 7, 页码 889-898出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/mds.25549
关键词
diagnosis; phenomenology; etiology; differential diagnosis; secondary dystonia
资金
- NCATS NIH HHS [U54 TR001456] Funding Source: Medline
- NINDS NIH HHS [U54 NS065701] Funding Source: Medline
- Wellcome Trust Funding Source: Medline
The clinical evaluation of a patient with dystonia is a stepwise process, beginning with classification of the phenomenology of the movement disorder(s), then formulation of the dystonia syndrome, which, in turn, leads to a targeted etiological differential diagnosis. In recent years, there have been significant advances in our understanding of the etiological basis of dystonia, aided especially by discoveries in imaging and genetics. In this review, we provide an update on the assessment of a patient with dystonia, including the phenomenology of dystonia and highlighting how to integrate clinical, imaging, blood, and neurophysiological investigations in order to formulate a dystonia syndrome. Evolving or emerging dystonia syndromes are reviewed, and potential etiologies of these as well as established dystonia syndromes listed to guide diagnostic testing. (C) 2013 Movement Disorder Society
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