Review
Clinical Neurology
Fatemeh Seifar, Ashok R. Dinasarapu, H. A. Jinnah
Summary: Numerous studies have found an association between low levels of uric acid (UA) and Parkinson's disease (PD), suggesting that low UA may contribute to oxidative stress and the degeneration of dopamine neurons, leading to the onset and progression of PD symptoms. However, recent research has raised questions about this explanation, proposing that low UA may be a biomarker rather than a causative factor for PD.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Hongtao Chang, Benqiao Wang, Yue Shi, Ruixia Zhu
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between urate levels or gout and the risk for Parkinson's disease (PD). The analysis showed that high serum urate levels were associated with a decreased risk for PD, while gout was not closely correlated with the risk for PD. Subgroup analysis by sex revealed a neuroprotective effect of high urate levels against PD among both females and males.
NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yujie Chen, Wuke Yuan, Qi Xu, Manju B. Reddy
Summary: Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are common neurodegenerative disorders with shared molecular mechanisms, and there is currently no effective treatment. However, research suggests that consuming phytochemicals may help delay the progression of these diseases.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eun Jae Lee, So Young Kim, Hyo Geun Choi, Yoo Hwan Kim, Mi Jung Kwon, Joo-Hee Kim, Heui Seung Lee, Jae Keun Oh, In Bok Chang, Joon Ho Song, Ji Hee Kim
Summary: This study aimed to determine if gout patients are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) or Parkinson's disease (PD) compared to those without gout. The longitudinal follow-up data of a representative sample of Korean adults were assessed, and it was found that there was no significant difference in the occurrence of AD or PD between the gout group and the control group. However, significant correlations were found between gout and AD/PD in patients under 60 years old, as well as between gout and PD in overweight individuals.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Michael A. Schwarzschild, Alberto Ascherio, Cindy Casaceli, Gary C. Curhan, Rebecca Fitzgerald, Cornelia Kamp, Codrin Lungu, Eric A. Macklin, Kenneth Marek, Dariush Mozaffarian, David Oakes, Alice Rudolph, Ira Shoulson, Aleksandar Videnovic, Burton Scott, Lisa Gauger, Jason Aldred, Melissa Bixby, Jill Ciccarello, Steven A. Gunzler, Claire Henchcliffe, Matthew Brodsky, Kellie Keith, Robert A. Hauser, Christopher Goetz, Mark S. LeDoux, Vanessa Hinson, Rajeev Kumar, Alberto J. Espay, Joohi Jimenez-Shahed, Christine Hunter, Chadwick Christine, Aaron Daley, Maureen Leehey, J. Antonelle de Marcaida, Joseph Harold Friedman, Albert Hung, Grace Bwala, Irene Litvan, David K. Simon, Tanya Simuni, Cynthia Poon, Mya C. Schiess, Kelvin Chou, Ariane Park, Danish Bhatti, Carolyn Peterson, Susan R. Criswell, Liana Rosenthal, Jennifer Durphy, Holly A. Shill, Shyamal H. Mehta, Anwar Ahmed, Andres F. Deik, John Y. Fang, Natividad Stover, Lin Zhang, Richard B. Dewey, Ashley Gerald, James T. Boyd, Emily Houston, Valerie Suski, Sherri Mosovsky, Leslie Cloud, Binit B. Shah, Marie Saint-Hilaire, Raymond James, Sarah Elizabeth Zauber, Stephen Reich, David Shprecher, Rajesh Pahwa, April Langhammer, Kathrin LaFaver, Peter A. LeWitt, Patricia Kaminski, John Goudreau, Doozie Russell, David J. Houghton, Ashley Laroche, Karen Thomas, Martha McGraw, Zoltan Mari, Carmen Serrano, Karen Blindauer, Marcie Rabin, Roger Kurlan, John C. Morgan, Michael Soileau, Melissa Ainslie, Ivan Bodis-Wollner, Ruth B. Schneider, Cheryl Waters, Amber Servi Ratel, Christopher A. Beck, Patrick Bolger, Katherine F. Callahan, Grace F. Crotty, David Klements, Melissa Kostrzebski, Gearoid Michael McMahon, Lindsay Pothier, Sushrut S. Waikar, Anthony Lang, Tiago Mestre
Summary: In this randomized clinical trial, treatment with oral inosine for up to 2 years did not slow the progression of Parkinson disease in early stage patients. The study found that there was no significant difference in clinical disease progression between the inosine group and the placebo group.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qiuyang Yu, Zhengyi Sun, Ying Wang, Xue Du, Jing Huang, Liying Wang
Summary: Hyperuricemia (HUA) leads to chronic inflammation and affects immune cells. While the association between HUA and monocytes and neutrophils has been extensively studied, research on HUA and lymphocytes is still limited. This study analyzed the correlation between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and immune cells in healthy participants and individuals with HUA, and investigated the relationship between SUA levels and cytokine levels. The results suggest that HUA is associated with elevated peripheral CD4(+) T cells and a Th2-dominant immune status.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Meng-Ko Tsai, Kuang-Chen Hung, Chun-Cheng Liao, Lung-Fa Pan, Chia-Lien Hung, Deng-Ho Yang
Summary: This study found that low testosterone levels in men may be associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Lenka Hasikova, Jakub Zavada, Tereza Serranova, Petr Kozlik, Kveta Kalikova, Lenka Kotackova, Jiri Trnka, David Zogala, Karel Sonka, Evzen Ruzicka, Petr Dusek
Summary: This study aimed to compare levels of uric acid (UA), allantoin, and allantoin/UA ratio in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between de novo Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and controls, and evaluate their associations with clinical severity and substantia nigra degeneration. The results showed that serum allantoin and allantoin/UA ratio were significantly increased in PD patients. The allantoin/UA ratio in serum and CSF was associated with autonomic dysfunction and presence of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD).
NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Haochen Guan, Huagang Lin, Xiaojun Wang, Ying Xu, Yuqi Zheng, Xun Zhou, Xuehong Diao, Zhibin Ye, Jing Xiao
Summary: This study found that autophagy plays a key role in renal tubular injury and abnormal urate reabsorption induced by hyperuricaemia. Inhibiting autophagy can alleviate NKA impairment-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal urate reabsorption, which may be a promising treatment for hyperuricaemia.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biophysics
Insu Kim, Young Im Kim, Sang Won Lee, Hyo Gi Jung, Gyudo Lee, Dae Sung Yoon
Summary: The study found that the uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1) abundant in kidney cell membranes can be utilized to develop a biosensor capable of selectively detecting uric acid.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tsung-Ju Chuang, Yu-Hsun Wang, James Cheng-Chung Wei, Chih-Jung Yeh
Summary: Gout patients who adhere to urate-lowering therapy (ULT) with a rate of >= 0.7 are at a lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially for those with a younger age (<65) and who are male. The adherence to ULT is more beneficial in reducing the risk of CVD in gout patients, particularly for those with ischemic heart disease.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wei-Zheng Zhang
Summary: Gout is a multifactorial metabolic disease where the role of hyperuricemia in its development is not solely definitive. Understanding the intricate role of serum uric acid (SUA) in gout pathogenesis is crucial for advancing clinical and pharmaceutical approaches towards a cure for the disease.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yizhe Song, Brad A. Racette, Alejandra Camacho-Soto, Susan Searles Nielsen
Summary: According to the medication data, the use of xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase blockers (such as allopurinol) may be associated with a lower risk of Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Bendong Yang, Meiling Xin, Shufei Liang, Yuhong Huang, Jingda Li, Chao Wang, Chao Liu, Xinhua Song, Jinyue Sun, Wenlong Sun
Summary: Naringenin reduces hyperuricemia and renal inflammation by promoting uric acid excretion and attenuating the release of inflammatory cytokines.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Barakat M. ALRashdi, Hassan A. Elgebaly, Mousa O. Germoush, Moath M. Qarmush, Mona S. Azab, Reem S. Alruhaimi, Ahmad F. Ahmeda, Mohammad H. Abukhalil, Emadeldin M. Kamel, Hany H. Arab, Mohammed A. Alzoghaibi, Mohammed F. Alotaibi, Ayman M. Mahmoud
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Monolluma quadrangula extract (MQE) on hyperuricemic rats and found that MQE exhibited renoprotective properties by inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and modulating urate transporters.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
Meida Fan, Jian Liu, Bingcheng Zhao, Xinyu Wu, Xuefeng Li, Jieruo Gu, Naomi Schlesinger
Summary: The study evaluated the efficacy and safety of commonly used urate-lowering therapies (ULTs) including febuxostat, allopurinol, and lesinurad in hyperuricemic patients with gout. Results showed that all ULTs were effective in lowering serum urate levels compared to placebo, with combinations of lesinurad and febuxostat or allopurinol being particularly effective for patients who did not respond well to XOI monotherapy.
CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Kyle Park, Nikhil K. Gupta, Ephrem O. Olweny, Naomi Schlesinger
Summary: The review found a significant association between gout and erectile dysfunction (ED), with pathophysiology involving hyperuricemia, increased reactive oxygen species, decreased nitric oxide synthesis, and low-grade inflammation. It was suggested that the effect of urate-lowering therapy on the incidence of ED in gout patients should be studied, and all gout patients should be assessed for ED.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Luigi Brunetti, Janaki Vekaria, Peter E. Lipsky, Naomi Schlesinger
Summary: This study aimed to investigate pharmacotherapy use related to gout treatment in U.S. emergency department patients, finding that roughly 30% of patients did not receive anti-inflammatory medication upon discharge and opioids were frequently overused in gout management in the ED. There is an opportunity for further education of healthcare providers regarding gout treatment.
ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
Vivien M. Hsu, Eszter Kozak, Qiaoli Li, Marta Bocskai, Naomi Schlesinger, Ann Rosenthal, Scott T. McClure, Laszlo Kovacs, Balint Balint Laszlo, Szilvia Szamosi, Gabriella Szucs, Mary Carns, Kathleen Aren, Isaac Goldberg, Andras Varadi, John Varga
Summary: The study found that plasma PPi levels are significantly reduced in SSc patients with or without calcinosis, suggesting a potential pathogenic role in calcinosis cutis. Administering PPi may be a therapeutic strategy for calcinosis in SSc patients, and further clinical studies are planned to confirm these findings.
Review
Rheumatology
Nina Ramessar, Abhilasha Borad, Naomi Schlesinger
Summary: There is conflicting evidence about the benefits of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on SLE disease activity, but specific measures have demonstrated benefits.
Article
Oncology
Naomi Schlesinger, Lissa Padnick-Silver, Brian LaMoreaux
Summary: Refractory gout is a chronic condition characterized by continued urate deposition despite failed attempts with oral urate-lowering therapies. The immunogenicity of uricase-based therapies limits their use, but co-therapy with an immunomodulator may improve treatment outcomes by attenuating antidrug antibody development.
Editorial Material
Rheumatology
Naomi Schlesinger, Victor S. Sloan, Richard S. Panush
JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Rheumatology
Naomi Schlesinger, Richard S. Panush
JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Rheumatology
Naomi Schlesinger, Fernando Perez-Ruiz, Frederic Liote
Summary: Xanthine oxidase inhibitors are the main therapy for treating hyperuricaemia in gout patients, however not all patients can achieve the target serum urate levels due to tolerability issues, contraindications, and dosage limitations. Uricases have shown potential as a therapeutic option for gout treatment, but their use is limited by availability, cost, and immunogenicity.
NATURE REVIEWS RHEUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
N. Schlesinger, V. K. Rustgi, A. E. Yeo, P. E. Lipsky
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed data from chronic refractory gout patients who participated in two 6-month pegloticase randomized clinical trials, and found that persistent lowering of serum urate significantly reduced the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RHEUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
N. Schlesinger, P. E. Lipsky, K. Jablonski, W. Jarjour, L. Brunetti, N. A. Young
Summary: The major anthocyanin compound in tart cherry juice concentrate (TCJC) is cyanidin 3-glucosylrutinoside. Clinically relevant doses of TCJC significantly inhibit inflammation and NF-xB activation induced by MSU crystals in a murine acute gout model.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RHEUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Rheumatology
N. Schlesinger, L. Brunetti, I. P. Androulakis
Summary: Hyperuricaemia is a significant risk factor for gout, but not the sole cause. Gout flares exhibit circadian rhythms and have a strong seasonality, with spring being the peak period. Immune function and metabolic enzyme activity vary throughout the year and can be influenced by seasonal changes. The composition of gut microbiota also differs between gout patients and healthy individuals, with certain bacteria enriched during specific seasons.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RHEUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
N. Schlesinger, M. Elsaid, V. K. Rustgi
Summary: Moderate to high Metabolic Syndrome Severity Score (MetSSS) is significantly prevalent amongst gout patients. A one-unit increase in MetSSS score was associated with significant increases in the risk of all-cause mortality, heart disease, diabetes- and hypertension-related mortalities. MetS is a clinically accessible tool for predicting mortality risks in gout patients with MetS.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RHEUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Rheumatology
Mohamed Talaat, Kyle Park, Naomi Schlesinger
Summary: Gout, the most common inflammatory arthritis worldwide, should be treated as a chronic disease with a focus on chronic urate-lowering therapy and anti-inflammatory prophylaxis.
OPEN ACCESS RHEUMATOLOGY-RESEARCH AND REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Bayden J. McKenzie, Mihir D. Wechalekar, Renea Johnston, Naomi Schlesinger, Rachelle Buchbinder
Summary: The evidence suggests that low-dose colchicine may be more effective than placebo for treating acute gout, while high-dose colchicine may lead to more adverse events.
COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2021)
