Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Swee Ching Tan, Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra, Dinesh Kumar Chellappan, Mayuren Candasamy
Summary: Centella asiatica, a popular herb known for its therapeutic effects, especially in treating skin conditions, contains various active compounds including asiaticoside and madecassoside. This review primarily focuses on the therapeutic potential, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of madecassoside, despite its relatively limited scientific reports compared to other constituents of Centella asiatica.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Review
Agronomy
Rambir Singh, Balasiewdor Kharsyntiew, Poonam Sharma, Uttam Kumar Sahoo, Prakash Kumar Sarangi, Piotr Prus, Florin Imbrea
Summary: The Indian subcontinent is suitable for cultivating C. asiatica, with the Western Ghats, North East, Eastern Himalaya, and Western Himalaya regions in India having genotypes with the highest centelloside content. Open cultivation is preferred in the Western mountainous areas, while shade cultivation is suitable in the Central plains of India. Hydroponic and tissue culture methods have been successfully used to increase centelloside production using supplements and elicitors, such as sucrose, auxins, cytokinins, kinetin, and methyl jasmonate. Freeze drying is identified as the most efficient post-harvest method.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Satyendra Pratap Singh, Ankita Misra, Bhanu Kumar, Dibyendu Adhikari, Sharad Srivastava, Saroj Kanta Barik
Summary: In this study, we identified the distribution of different chemotypes of Centella asiatica and the suitable climatic conditions for its growth through laboratory analysis and ecological niche modeling. This helps in large-scale commercial cultivation of C. asiatica and obtaining germplasms with high bioactive compounds. The study also establishes a protocol for sustainable supply of other medicinal plants.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Sujata Mandal, Tuyelee Das, Samapika Nandy, Mimosa Ghorai, Suchismita Chatterjee Saha, Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan, Manoj Kumar, Arabinda Radha, Arabinda Ghosh, Nobendu S. Mukerjee, Mahipal Shekhawat, Devendra Kumar Pandey, Abhijit Dey
Summary: In vitro culture of plant cells, tissues, and organs is an eco-friendly biotechnological strategy for producing plant chemicals. This review focuses on increasing the production of triterpenoid saponins in Centella asiatica by using genetic engineering tools and proper strategies. It discusses the roles of different carbon sources, biotic and abiotic elicitors, and plant growth regulators at different growth stages. The study also highlights various techniques such as organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. The review provides valuable insights into biotechnological interventions for enhancing triterpenoid saponin yield in C. asiatica.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gouri Priya Ranjith, S. Jisha, Achutan Sudarsanan Hemanthakumar, Chinthu Saji, Rajesh A. Shenoi, Kallevettankuzhy Krishnannair Sabu
Summary: The triterpenoid saponins asiaticoside and madecassoside from Centella asiatica could be significantly increased with the addition of silver nitrate, which also upregulated the gene expression related to triterpenoid biosynthesis, suggesting its potential as a metabolite stimulant in enhancing the formation of bioactive molecules.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Eun Kim, Jun Soo Park, Min Seop Kim, Min Young Jeong, Hyun Jin Park, Jun Hyuk Choi, Jae Hee Seo, Yong Seok Choi, Myung Joo Kang
Summary: This study successfully designed a high-payload topical preparation of Centella asiatica using nanocrystallization technique, which showed higher accumulation in the skin layer and better skin absorption profile, with no signs of irritation in normal rats.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Xiaoyang Han, Jingyi Zhao, Xuancheng Chang, Qiuyun Li, Zixin Deng, Yi Yu
Summary: Advances in sequencing technologies have led to the discovery of the glycosylation pathway and the involvement of two UGTs in the biosynthesis of asiaticoside and madecassoside.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Renju Kunjumon, Anil John Johnson, Rajani Kurup Sukumaryamma Remadevi, Sabulal Baby
Summary: This study screened the ASI and MAD contents of Centella asiatica accessions from a wide geographical area in south India, and identified elite lines with high saponin contents. The study also revealed the preferences of Centella asiatica for soil and ecological factors. These findings have important implications for the collection, cultivation, and conservation of Centella asiatica resources.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Ziliang He, Yeye Hu, Zhiqiang Niu, Kang Zhong, Tingwu Liu, Meng Yang, Lilian Ji, Weicheng Hu
Summary: This review comprehensively summarized the pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties of asiaticoside (AS). AS has a variety of pharmacological effects including anti-neural inflammation, anti-cancer, and protective effects for the skin, cardiovascular system, and pulmonary system. Future research should focus on improving bioavailability of AS and conducting clinical assessment.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Irfan Bashir Ganie, Zishan Ahmad, Anwar Shahzad, Alexandra Zaushintsena, Olga Neverova, Svetlana Ivanova, Adla Wasi, Sabaha Tahseen
Summary: Centella asiatica, also known as Gotu kola, is a medicinal plant with a wide range of active metabolites. However, limited cultivation and overexploitation have led to severe depletion of its resources. This review provides up-to-date information on biotechnological tools for in vitro propagation, secondary metabolite production, and biosynthetic mechanism of Centella asiatica.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Faiznur Mohd Fuad, Masrina Mohd Nadzir
Summary: This study developed a ultrasound-assisted extraction method for extracting asiaticoside from Centella asiatica using betaine-based natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) for the first time. The optimal conditions were determined through single-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized UAE-NADES technique provided a higher yield compared to the conventional extraction method.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Piyanan Pipatsitee, Patchara Praseartkul, Cattarin Theerawitaya, Kanyaratt Taota, Rujira Tisarum, Daonapa Chungloo, Haminder Pal Singh, Suriyan Cha-um
Summary: Geographic zone and seasonal variations are major factors affecting the quality and quantity of cultivated medicinal plants, with suitable harvesting time being crucial in Indian pennywort cultivation. Low temperatures during winter can significantly impact the growth and metabolic enrichment of Indian pennywort. This study aimed to determine the optimum temperature for cultivation to achieve superior growth characteristics, physiological adaptations, and secondary metabolite enrichment. Experiments revealed that an ambient air temperature of 25 degrees C resulted in maximum leaf area and overall biomass, while lower temperatures (15 degrees C) inhibited various growth parameters and photosynthetic rates. Furthermore, exposure to 15 degrees C led to changes in pigment parameters, glucose and soluble sugar levels, as well as an increase in certain secondary metabolite concentrations. However, other secondary metabolites showed a significant decrease. Overall, an air temperature of 25 degrees C was found to be optimal for Indian pennywort cultivation to maximize biomass and secondary metabolite production.
JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lucio Ricardo Leite Diniz, Leonardo Luiz Calado, Allana Brunna Sucupira Duarte, Damiao Pergentino de Sousa
Summary: Studies have shown that Centella asiatica extracts (CAE) display activity in tissue regeneration, cell migration, and wound repair process. Its active component, asiatic acid, is directly associated with its healing activity. This study discusses the effects of Centella asiatica and asiatic acid in different stages of the healing process of cutaneous wounds, including phytochemical and antimicrobial aspects.
Article
Plant Sciences
Chien-Feng Huang, Tung-Wei Hung, Shun-Fa Yang, Yi-Lun Tsai, Jen-Te Yang, Chia-Liang Lin, Yi-Hsien Hsieh
Summary: The study found that asiatic acid (AA) can inhibit the metastatic properties of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells by suppressing the p-ERK/p-p38MAPK axis and down-regulating MMP-15 expression. These findings are important for exploring AA as a potential anti-metastatic agent for RCC.
Review
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Kyoung Sik Park
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the beneficial effects of C. asiatica on skin diseases by summarizing the potent dermatological effects and underlying molecular mechanisms confirmed in pharmacological studies. It highlights the therapeutic effects of compounds like asiaticoside and madecassoside in treating dermatological diseases through various signaling pathways, but emphasizes the need for further controlled clinical trials to fully validate the therapeutic potential of C. asiatica.
EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Efficient N. Ncube, Kgama Mathiba, Lucia H. Steenkamp, Ian A. Dubery
Summary: In this study, the filamentous yeast Hyphozyma roseoniger was used for biocatalytic conversion of sclareol to ambradiol, a key intermediate in the perfume industry. Metabolite profiling revealed the biochemical steps involved in this conversion process, showing a decrease in sclareol concentration and an increase in ambradiol concentration over time. Although unidentified peaks were observed in gas chromatography profiles, no new intermediates were discovered in the sclareol to ambradiol conversion pathway.
BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOTRANSFORMATION
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Dylan R. Zeiss, Paul A. Steenkamp, Lizelle A. Piater, Ian A. Dubery
Summary: The study discovered that Ralstonia solanacearum-derived cold shock protein csp22 can elicit an immune response in tomato plants and investigated its effects on the plant's metabolome. The results show that csp22 pre-treatment can enhance tomato's resistance against R. solanacearum infection, contributing to the understanding of plant immune system operation at an integrative level.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Efficient N. Ncube, Paul A. Steenkamp, Chris W. van der Westhuyzen, Lucia H. Steenkamp, Ian A. Dubery
Summary: This study investigates the biocatalytic conversion of sclareol to ambradiol using whole-cell biotransformation by the yeast Hyphozyma roseoniger. Metabolomics tools, including NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS, were used to identify and quantify the intermediates involved in this bioconversion. The study highlights the transformative capabilities of H. roseoniger as a biocatalyst and its potential utility in the fragrance industry.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Manamele D. Mashabela, Lizelle A. Piater, Paul A. Steenkamp, Ian A. Dubery, Fidele Tugizimana, Msizi I. Mhlongo
Summary: This study employed an untargeted metabolomic approach to analyze metabolites of wheat cultivars resistant or susceptible to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) and Aluminium (Al3+) toxicity. A total of 100 metabolites were identified, and significant variations in metabolite concentrations were observed among different wheat cultivars. The findings provide insights into the genetic background and resistance mechanisms of wheat varieties against Pst and Al3+, demonstrating the potential applications of metabolomics in chemotaxonomic classification, phenotyping, plant breeding, and crop improvement.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Benedict C. Offor, Msizi I. Mhlongo, Paul A. Steenkamp, Ian A. Dubery, Lizelle A. Piater
Summary: Plants perceive pathogenic threats through pattern recognition receptors that recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns. The study shows that LPS-binding protein and bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein can perceive LPS and trigger defense responses. Metabolite analysis reveals that LPS can reprogram Arabidopsis metabolism and the accumulation of metabolites is influenced by different mutants and LPS chemotypes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chanel J. Pretorius, Paul A. Steenkamp, Fidele Tugizimana, Lizelle A. Piater, Ian A. Dubery
Summary: This study used an untargeted metabolomics approach to understand the biochemical processes involved in oat plant responses to Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens infection and to identify markers related to defense responses and disease resistance. The results provide insights into the metabolic changes and key markers involved in oat defense responses to the bacterial infection.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Claude Y. Hamany Djande, Paul A. Steenkamp, Lizelle A. Piater, Fidele Tugizimana, Ian A. Dubery
Summary: Metabolomics was used to analyze the chemical composition of barley seedlings, revealing the major metabolite classes and showing that phenolic acids were prominent in both shoot and root tissues. Interestingly, the barley-specific metabolite hordatines was not found in the root tissue. Additionally, metabolomic profiling identified potential metabolites associated with the plants' natural protection system against pathogens.
Article
Biology
Manamele D. Mashabela, Lizelle A. Piater, Ian A. Dubery, Fidele Tugizimana, Msizi Mhlongo
Summary: Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial bacteria that promote plant growth and protect against environmental stresses through chemical communication in the rhizosphere. However, there is still limited knowledge about these interactions. Metabolomics can help uncover the complex chemical communications and their effects on plant metabolism.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Motseoa Lephatsi, Lerato Nephali, Vanessa Meyer, Lizelle A. Piater, Nombuso Buthelezi, Ian A. Dubery, Hugo Opperman, Margaretha Brand, Johan Huyser, Fidele Tugizimana
Summary: A study revealed that a microbial-based biostimulant can promote maize growth and enhance drought tolerance by inducing metabolic reconfigurations. Morphophysiological measurements and targeted metabolomics approach uncovered the impact of the biostimulant on maize plants under different water conditions (well-watered, mild and severe drought), which was further supported by gene expression and DNA methylation profiles.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Benedict C. Offor, Msizi Mhlongo, Ian A. Dubery, Lizelle A. Piater
Summary: This study investigates the receptors and co-receptor complexes involved in the perception of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and triggering defense responses in Arabidopsis. Through protein identification and data analysis, LBP and LBR2 were found to recognize LPS and activate defense responses, while BAK1 acts as a co-receptor. The study also suggests the involvement of multiple receptors and co-receptors in LPS perception and signaling in Arabidopsis defense responses.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Claude Y. Hamany Y. Djande, Paul A. A. Steenkamp, Lizelle A. A. Piater, Fidele Tugizimana, Ian A. A. Dubery
Summary: Designing innovative biological crop protection strategies using eco-friendly alternatives to conventional biocidal agrochemicals is important. This study aimed to investigate the metabolic reprogramming in barley plants after treatment with three proposed dichlorinated inducers of acquired resistance. The results showed changes in the levels of both primary and secondary metabolites, including the activation of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Furthermore, the study highlighted the role of dichlorinated small molecules as inducers of plant immunity. This report provides valuable insights for metabolomics-guided plant improvement programs.
Review
Plant Sciences
Chanel J. Pretorius, Ian A. Dubery
Summary: Avenanthramides are phytoalexins produced in oat plants in response to pathogen attack. These compounds have multifunctional properties as plant defense substances, antimicrobial agents, and antioxidants, and also exhibit medicinal and pharmaceutical uses important for human health.
Article
Plant Sciences
Nikita da Camara, Ian A. Dubery, Lizelle A. Piater
Summary: Proteins play a crucial role in regulating innate immune response in plants under biotic or abiotic stresses. Isonitrosoacetophenone (INAP), an unusual stress metabolite, can induce plant defense responses. Transcriptomic and metabolomic studies of INAP-treated plant systems have provided insight into its defense-inducing and priming capabilities. In this study, a proteomic approach was used to examine time-dependent responses to INAP in Nicotiana tabacum cell suspensions. Proteome analysis revealed changes in defense-related proteins, as well as proteins involved in biosynthesis, transport, DNA transcription, metabolism, energy, translation, signaling, and response regulation. These findings highlight the importance of proteomic changes in priming induced by INAP treatment.
Article
Plant Sciences
Babra Moyo, Nikita Tawanda Tavengwa, Ian Dubery, Ntakadzeni Edwin Madala
Summary: In this study, the chemical interactions between V. combreticola and two of its host plants were investigated using UHPLC-q-TOF-MS profiling and molecular networking. The phytochemistry of V. combreticola was found to be independent and distinct from that of the host plants, and a unique chemistry of phenolic acid esterification to quinic acid was observed.
JOURNAL OF PLANT INTERACTIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Claude Y. Hamany Djande, Fidele Tugizimana, Paul A. Steenkamp, Lizelle A. Piater, Ian A. Dubery
Summary: (English Summary:)
This study investigates the biochemical processes involved in the response of barley plants pre-treated with 3,5-dichloroanthranilic acid (3,5-DCAA) to Pyrenophora teres f. teres (Ptt). The results show that 3,5-DCAA delays the onset and reduces the severity of symptoms caused by Ptt. Metabolomic analyses reveal potential markers of the primed and naive plant responses to Ptt, including organic acids, amino acids, and hydroxycinnamic acids.