Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Min-Kyu Kim, Lei Zhao, Soyoung Jeong, Jing Zhang, Jong-Hyun Jung, Ho Seong Seo, Jong-il Choi, Sangyong Lim
Summary: Thioredoxin is a crucial protein in cellular redox control and oxidative stress response, forming part of the Trx system with Trx, TrxR, and NADPH. Bacterial Trx1 and Trx2 have different active sites and structural domains, essential for the redox activity in bacteria.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Attila Andor, Mahendravarman Mohanraj, Zsuzsanna Anna Pato, Katalin Uri, Beata Biri-Kovacs, Qing Cheng, Elias S. J. Arner
Summary: TXNL1 has dual functions, acting as a supporting factor for TrxR1-driven redox activities in disulfide reduction reactions and functioning as an ATP-independent chaperone.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pierre Sabatier, Christian M. Beusch, Radosveta Gencheva, Qing Cheng, Roman Zubarev, Elias S. J. Arner
Summary: Recent studies have focused on anticancer drugs that target cellular antioxidant systems, such as Auranofin (AF) and novel TXNRD1 inhibitors (TRi-1 and TRi-2). These drugs have shown efficacy in mouse melanoma and lung adenocarcinoma cells, with TRi-1 and TRi-2 being more specific TXNRD1 inhibitors and AF triggering stronger antioxidant responses through Nrf2 activation. Additionally, AF has shown additional effects on various proteins related to glycogen metabolism, cellular differentiation, and inflammatory pathways.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Fadwa Al-Taher, Boris Nemzer
Summary: This study evaluated the lipid and fatty acid composition of eight sprouted grains. The lipid content increased during germination, providing a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were more prevalent in whole grains than saturated fatty acids and increased with sprouting.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zbigniew Kobus, Leszek Rydzak, Tomasz Guz, Marek Domin, Rafal Nadulski, Emilia Osmolska
Summary: This study investigated the impact of vacuum impregnation on the viability of grains of various cereals, revealing that vacuum-impregnated grains exhibited higher initial water content and faster germination without disturbing the internal structure of the grains.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Shivaprasad Doddabematti Prakash, Kaliramesh Siliveru, Yi Zheng
Summary: The use of cold plasma technology (CPT) is a promising alternative to heat treatment techniques in the food industry, as it can effectively preserve the quality and safety of food products. This review provides a comprehensive overview of CPT and its applications in cereal grains and products, including its fundamentals, types, applications, and decontamination mechanisms. The review also highlights the current challenges and proposes future directions for advancing CPT in the field.
TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Zilong Song, Chengwu Fan, Jintao Zhao, Lei Wang, Dongzhu Duan, Tong Shen, Xinming Li
Summary: The modulation of numerous signaling pathways is controlled by redox regulation. Maintaining dynamic redox homeostasis is crucial for human health due to the common occurrence of altered redox status in various pathological conditions. Mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), a vital component of the thioredoxin system, plays a crucial role in supporting various physiological functions, but its dysfunction disrupts redox balance and is closely associated with the pathogenesis of multiple diseases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Debaprasad Koner, Niharika Nag, Parismita Kalita, Aditya K. Padhi, Timir Tripathi, Nirmalendu Saha
Summary: The presence of thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR) in the facultative air-breathing catfish, Clarias magur, was identified for the first time. The TGR enzyme showed both TrxR and GR activities, contributing to the maintenance of redox homeostasis and antioxidant defense under oxidative stress induced by environmental stressors. Phylogenetic analysis revealed its relationship to fish TrxRs and distant relation to platyhelminth parasites TGRs. The characterization of C. magur TGR provides insights into its unique adaptation to environmental challenges.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ying Zhao, Xin Zuo, Shuang Liu, Wenjun Qian, Xuewen Tang, Jun Lu
Summary: The Trx and Grx systems are critical disulfide reductase systems in cell activities, with significant differences between prokaryotes and mammals. Fast-TRFS can be utilized to detect cellular disulfide reducibility in bacteria, where Trx system is shown to be the predominant enzyme for fast disulfide reduction.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Harpreet Kaur, Balmeet Singh Gill
Summary: The study compared the effects of germination on cereal grains such as wheat, barley, sorghum and millets, revealing changes in protein, fat, ash, and starch contents as well as antioxidant activity. Germination resulted in decreased water content, increased oil absorption capacity, and higher levels of rapidly digestible starch. Antioxidant levels were found to increase while starch digestibility decreased after germination.
JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Madiha Zaynab, Dezhuo Pan, Mahpara Fatima, Yasir Sharif, Shipin Chen, Wei Chen
Summary: The low germination rate of Cyclobalanopsis gilva seeds is attributed to insufficient energy supply, with proteins related to carbohydrate metabolism up-accumulated in germinated seeds and no changes or down-accumulation in non-germinated seeds.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Indrani Bera, Michael O'Sullivan, Darragh Flynn, Denis C. Shields
Summary: Legume seed protein is less digestible than animal protein, possibly due to defenses against herbivores. Germination increases proteolysis and digestibility by reducing anti-nutrient protease inhibitors, activating proteases, and breaking down storage proteins. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind improved digestibility and guide the development of more digestible food preparations.
Article
Fisheries
H. A. C. R. Hanchapola, D. S. Liyanage, W. K. M. Omeka, Chaehyeon Lim, Gaeun Kim, Taehyug Jeong, Jehee Lee
Summary: This study identified and characterized the EaTXNDC12 gene in red spotted grouper, evaluated its transcriptional responses, and investigated the activity of the recombinant protein. The results showed that EaTXNDC12 plays an important role in cellular redox homeostasis and immune regulation.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Giulia Zanetti, Andrea Mattarei, Florigio Lista, Ornella Rossetto, Cesare Montecucco, Marco Pirazzini
Summary: Tetanus neurotoxin, produced by Clostridium tetani, causes deadly neuroparalysis. Vaccination prevents the disease, but it still exists in countries with low vaccination coverage. Inhibitors interfering with toxin trafficking show promise for developing therapeutics against tetanus.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lijuan Xiang, Shihan Liu, Lei Zhao, Shisheng Yuan, Xiaotian Li, Nan Li
Summary: A SnS2/MoS2 heterostructure was prepared as a catalyst for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) by depositing SnS2 nanoparticles onto MoS2 nanosheets. The strong electronic interaction between SnS2 and MoS2 promotes electron redistribution and directed electron transfer, increasing the electron density of Mo sites and electrical conductivity of MoS2. This enhances nitrogen activation, lowers the energy barrier for breaking N-N triple bonds, and accelerates electron transport, resulting in high ammonia yield and Faraday efficiency.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stefan Jarl Christensen, Michael Schmidt Madsen, Signe Schram Zinck, Christinne Hedberg, Ole Bandsholm Sorensen, Birte Svensson, Anne S. Meyer
Summary: 4-alpha-glucanotransferase mediated glucan transfer allows for the production of clean label starch ingredients with unique gelling properties. Researchers have studied six different GH77 members and found that four of them exhibit starch modifying activity, leading to a decrease in amylose content, elongation of amylopectin chains, and the formation of firm starch gels. The enzyme Tt4 alpha GT from Thermus thermophilus showed the highest temperature optimum (73 degrees C) and the best potato starch modifying efficacy compared to the other enzymes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu Wang, Yazhen Wu, Stefan Jarl Christensen, Stefan Janecek, Yuxiang Bai, Marie Sofie Moller, Birte Svensson
Summary: In this study, a thermophilic 4-alpha-glucanotransferase was engineered by fusing starch binding domains (SBDs) to enhance its affinity for starch, leading to increased activity and stability.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mikkel Madsen, Andreas Prestel, Eva Madland, Peter Westh, Anne Tondervik, Havard Sletta, Gunther H. J. Peters, Finn L. L. Aachmann, Birthe B. B. Kragelund, Birte Svensson
Summary: In order to improve the control of biomaterial property design, a better understanding of the complex coacervation between anionic polysaccharides and proteins is essential. This study investigated the initial steps of condensate formation between beta-lactoglobulin A (beta-LgA) and various alginate oligosaccharides (AOSs), providing structural details of their multivalent interactions. The results revealed that beta-LgA exhibited high multivalency and showed similar affinities for AOSs with increasing degree of polymerization. NMR analyses identified different binding sites for AOSs on beta-LgA, and molecular docking indicated that the AOSs have similar orientations at the preferred binding site. The study highlights the dynamic nature of the AOS binding and its role in the formation of disordered beta-LgA alginate coacervate structures.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Xiaoxiao Li, Danni Zheng, Jing Wu, Zhengyu Jin, Birte Svensson, Yuxiang Bai
Summary: Poor thermostability of gamma-CGTase restricts its application in starch utilization and gamma-CD yield. By adding Ca2+ and conducting site-directed mutagenesis, the thermostability of Bacillus sp. FJAT-44876 gamma-CGTase (BF gamma-CGTase) was improved. The addition of 10 mM Ca2+ increased the half-life (t1/2) at 55 and 60 degrees C from 3.0 to 0.3 h to 17.4 and 2.0 h, respectively. Ca2+ stabilized the tertiary structure of BF gamma-CGTase, leading to improved thermostability. A mutation to serine in an alpha-helix glycine residue also enhanced stability, especially at higher temperatures. Furthermore, the G208S mutant in the presence of 10 mM Ca2+ exhibited increased t1/2 and yield of gamma-CD production from tapioca starch. This study highlights the importance of rational protein engineering in enhancing enzymatic gamma-CD production.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yixi Liu, Yazhen Wu, Hangyan Ji, Xiaoxiao Li, Zhengyu Jin, Birte Svensson, Yuxiang Bai
Summary: A cost-effective enzymatic process for the synthesis of Isomalto/malto-polysaccharides (IMMPs) was developed using cyclodextrinase and GtfB-Delta N to convert beta-cyclodextrin into IMMPs. The yield reached 16.19% (w/w) and the average DP of IMMPs could be controlled by adjusting the substrate composition.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Yu Wang, Yu Tian, Yuyue Zhong, Mohammad Amer Suleiman, Georges Feller, Peter Westh, Andreas Blennow, Marie Sofie Moller, Birte Svensson
Summary: The degradation of starch granules by the psychrophilic a-amylase AHA from Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAB23 was enhanced by fusion with a starch-binding domain (SBD) from either Aspergillus niger glucoamylase (SBDGA) or Arabidopsis thaliana glucan, water dikinase 3 (SBDGWD3) through a decapeptide linker. The AHA-SBD fusion enzymes exhibited up to 3 times higher activity than AHA wild-type depending on the type of starch and its botanical source. The density of enzyme attack-sites and binding-sites on the starch granules was increased up to 5- and 7-fold, respectively, by the SBD-fusion.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Signe Schram Zinck, Stefan Jarl Christensen, Ole Bandsholm Sorensen, Birte Svensson, Anne S. Meyer
Summary: In this study, the efficiency of commonly used inactivation methods, such as multistep washing and pH adjustment, in inactivating a-amylases in the presence of raw potato starch were evaluated. An effective approach using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for irreversible a-amylase inactivation was demonstrated. Treatment at extreme pH followed by a neutral pH resulted in significant starch hydrolysis, and inactivation by multistep washing followed by gelatinization gave significant starch degradation compared to samples inactivated with NaOCl before the wash.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu Tian, Yu Wang, Yuyue Zhong, Marie Sofie Moller, Peter Westh, Birte Svensson, Andreas Blennow
Summary: Enzymatic hydrolysis of starch granules is fundamental for understanding starch degradation in plant cells, utilizing starch as an energy resource in foods, and developing efficient saccharification processes. However, the kinetics of hydrolysis for solid substrates like starch granules are slower and more complex. The multifaceted nature of the substrate surface and its changing properties during hydrolysis pose challenges for analysis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Malene Bech Vester-Christensen, Jesper Holck, Martin Rejzek, Lea Perrin, Morten Tovborg, Birte Svensson, Robert A. Field, Marie Sofie Moller
Summary: A study found that the enzyme HvLD from barley showed a preference for pNP maltoside as both acceptor and donor, and exhibited excellent activity when pullulan or its fragment was used as the donor. In addition, HvLD could use a-maltosyl fluoride as a donor and maltose as the best acceptor. The findings provide insights for the production of glycoconjugate compounds with novel glycosylation patterns using natural donors.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jinxing Zhai, Xiaoxiao Li, Birte Svensson, Zhengyu Jin, Yuxiang Bai
Summary: In this study, rice flour (RF) with higher protein content was prepared using a granular starch hydrolyzing enzyme (GSHE). The hydrolytic mechanism of RF and rice starch (RS) was established through characterization of particle size, morphology, crystallinity, and molecular structures. Processability of RF was evaluated through thermal, pasting, and rheological properties. The GSHE treatment resulted in sequential hydrolysis of crystalline and amorphous areas on the starch granule surface, leading to changes in amylose content and protein content in RF. However, the processability of RF was properly maintained.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Agnes B. Petersen, Seyed Hossein Mirbarati, Birte Svensson, Jens O. Duus, David Teze
Summary: Engineering glycoside hydrolases is an important approach for obtaining catalysts that can form glycosidic bonds. In this study, an engineered enzyme called TtOGA-D120N from the GH84 family was shown to be an efficient O-, N-, and S-glycoligase, capable of using various nucleophiles. The enzyme also catalyzes the formation and release of an activated intermediate, which allows for cascade synthesis in combination with transglycosylases or glycosynthases, as demonstrated by the synthesis of a specific human milk oligosaccharide lacto-N-triose II.
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Annika Hummersgaard Hansen, Helene Wallem Breisnes, Thomas Skovhus Prior, Ole Hilberg, Daniel Guldager Kring Rasmussen, Federica Genovese, Marie Vestergaard Lukassen, Birte Svensson, Lasse L. ocke Langholm, Tina Manon-Jensen, Morten Asser Karsdal, Diana Julie Leeming, Elisabeth Bendstrup, Jannie Marie Billow Sand
Summary: This study developed the FN-EDB assay for the serological assessment of MMP-8 degradation of EDB in cellular FN. It found that the degradation of EDB in cellular FN is elevated in IPF patients and further investigation is warranted.
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Yu Wang, Yu Tian, Yuyue Zhong, Mohammad Amer Suleiman, Georges Feller, Peter Westh, Andreas Blennow, Marie Sofie Moller, Birte Svensson
Summary: Degradation of starch granules can be increased by fusing the psychrophilic a-amylase AHA from Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAB23 with starch-binding domains (SBD) from either Aspergillus niger glucoamylase (SBDGA) or Arabidopsis thaliana glucan, water dikinase 3 (SBDGWD3). The fusion enzymes showed higher activity than the wild-type AHA, depending on the starch type and source. The increased density of enzyme attack-sites and binding-sites on the starch granules was measured using an interfacial catalysis approach.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mikkel Madsen, Hossein Mohammad-Beigi, Peter Westh, Finn L. Aachmann, Birte Svensson
Summary: The complex coacervation between alginate and beta-lactoglobulin can be controlled by pH and temperature, making it suitable for different purposes. Detailed characterization of the coacervation process and particles provides insights into molecular interactions and the effects of external factors. These findings have implications for microencapsulation and drug delivery.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Henriette Lyng Roder, Eleni Christidi, Cristina I. Amador, Samra Music, Asmus Kalckar Olesen, Birte Svensson, Jonas Stenlokke Madsen, Jakob Herschend, Jan-Ulrich Kreft, Mette Burmolle
Summary: The study revealed that flagella play a significant role in impacting plasmid transfer and uptake in bacterial biofilms, with mechanisms such as steric hindrance of pilus movement and binding reducing the frequency of contact and plasmid uptake. This finding adds a new layer of complexity to understanding bacterial conjugation in biofilms beyond traditional factors like distance and lag times.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)