期刊
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION
卷 49, 期 3, 页码 893-908出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.08.016
关键词
Marine phylogeography; Bryozoa; COI; Mitochondrial DNA; Maximum likelihood; Maximum parsimony; Bayesian; Dispersal; Antitropical; Membranipora; Sibling species
资金
- Andrew Mellon Foundation
- Luce Fellowship
- Roosevelt Fund of the American Museum of Natural History
- Cornell Graduate School
- Sigma Xi
- National Science Foundation [DEB-9423868, IBN-9408229]
The origin of disjunct distributions in high dispersal marine taxa remains an important evolutionary question as it relates to the formation of new species in an environment where barriers to gene flow are not always obvious. To reconstruct the relationships and phylogeographic history of the antitropically and longitudinally disjunct bryozoan Membranipora membranacea populations were surveyed with mtDNA cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) sequences across its cosmopolitan range. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian genealogies revealed three deep clades in the North Pacific and one monophyletic clade each in the southeast Pacific (Chile), southwest Pacific (Australia/New Zealand), North Atlantic and southeast Atlantic (South Africa). Human-mediated dispersal has not impacted M. membranacea's large-scale genetic structure. M. membranacea did not participate in the trans-arctic interchange. Episodic long-distance dispersal, combined with climatic vicariance can explain the disjunct distribution. Dispersal led southward across the tropics perhaps 13 mya in the East Pacific and again northwards perhaps 6 mya in the Eastern Atlantic to colonize the North Atlantic from the South, and along the West Wind Drift to colonize Australia. The clades differentiated over evolutionary time in their respective ocean region, potentially forming a sibling species complex. The taxonomic status of the clades is discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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