Article
Oncology
Maude Rolland, Helene Martin, Mathilde Bergamelli, Yann Sellier, Bettina Bessieres, Jacqueline Aziza, Alexandra Benchoua, Marianne Leruez-Ville, Daniel Gonzalez-Dunia, Stephane Chavanas
Summary: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection leads to impaired migration of neural stem cells by increasing the expression of LIS1, resulting in developmental abnormalities and sequelae. Studies on infected NSCs suggest that PAFAH1B1 is a critical target of HCMV infection, shedding new light on the pathophysiological basis of congenital HCMV infection's neurological outcomes.
JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Xi Gu, Chunhong Jia, Junhao Wang
Summary: The establishment and maintenance of neuronal polarity are crucial for neural development and function, and abnormal polarity can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders. Recent studies have made significant progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of neuronal polarity through positive and negative feedback signals and actin waves. These mechanisms drive the transport and aggregation of key molecules, regulate the interactions of actin filaments and microtubules, promote axon specialization and growth, and inhibit the formation of multiple axons. This review focuses on recent findings regarding neuronal polarity in two classical models, primary hippocampal/cortical neurons in vitro and cortical pyramidal neurons in vivo, and discusses the current understanding of neuronal polarity.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Joao Goncalves
Summary: LUZP1 is a significant protein involved in embryonic development and disease etiology, playing important regulatory roles in cell cycle progression, cell migration, and epithelial cell apical constriction.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Caitlin Collins, Sun K. Kim, Rosa Ventrella, Herve M. Carruzzo, Juliana C. Wortman, Hyebin Han, Evelyn E. Suva, Jennifer W. Mitchell, Clare C. Yu, Brian J. Mitchell
Summary: Post-translational modification of tubulin plays a crucial role in regulating the penetrative capacity of cells undergoing radial intercalation. Modulating tubulin acetylation in intercalating cells alters developmental timing, with more acetylation leading to faster penetration. Cells preferentially penetrate higher-order vertices over tricellular vertices, indicating that lower-order vertices are more restrictive sites of insertion. Increasing tubulin acetylation shifts the accessibility of intercalating cells towards more restrictive junctions, as described by a geometric-based mathematical model.
Article
Cell Biology
Alejandra Valdivia, Charity Duran, Mingyoung Lee, Holly C. Williams, Moo-Yeol Lee, Alejandra San Martin
Summary: Cell migration is crucial for biological and pathological processes. Establishing cell polarity and forming a single lamellipodium at the leading edge is important for efficient directional cell migration. Nox1 deficiency affects cell polarity and lamellipodium formation.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Aniko Keller-Pinter, Szuzina Gyulai-Nagy, Daniel Becsky, Laszlo Dux, Laszlo Rovo
Summary: Cell migration is essential for the formation of metastasis and is a key feature of malignancy. Syndecan-4 (SDC4) plays a crucial role in cell migration by regulating various signaling pathways and biological processes. Its involvement in tumor progression has been demonstrated, highlighting its significance in cell movement and metastasis.
Review
Cell Biology
Anne-Betty Ndiaye, Gijsje H. Koenderink, Michal Shemesh
Summary: The mammalian cytoskeleton plays an important role in transmitting external forces to the cell interior and generating intracellular forces. The three interpenetrating structural proteins, actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments, have interdependent functions and the intermediate filaments play a central role in mechanosensitivity. Cytoskeletal crosstalk regulates the stability and organization of all three filament families at different scales, and also affects cell adaptation to external cues.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana M. Pasapera, Sarah M. Heissler, Masumi Eto, Yukako Nishimura, Robert S. Fischer, Hawa R. Thiam, Clare M. Waterman
Summary: MARK2 is identified as a master regulator of both actomyosin and microtubule cytoskeletal systems and focal adhesions, mediating directional cancer cell migration.
Article
Cell Biology
Laura Bozal-Basterra, Maria Gonzalez-Santamarta, Veronica Muratore, Natalia Martin-Martin, Amaia Ercilla, Jose A. Rodriguez, Arkaitz Carracedo, James D. Sutherland, Rosa Barrio
Summary: LUZP1 exhibits frequent genomic aberrations in cancer, particularly gene deletions, and its loss promotes cell migration, invasion, apoptosis, and alterations in cell morphology. Additionally, LUZP1 plays regulatory roles beyond actin filament bundling, affecting actin polymerization through changes in ACTR3 and phospho-cofilin ratios. These findings suggest a novel role for LUZP1 in cancer regulation through actin cytoskeleton control.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Prasad Vaddepalli, Thijs de Zeeuw, Soeren Strauss, Katharina Buerstenbinder, Che-Yang Liao, Joao Jacob Ramalho, Richard S. Smith, Dolf Weijers
Summary: Premitotic control of cell division orientation is critical for plant development, with formative divisions often producing daughters with different fates. Auxin-dependent division plane control involves alterations in cell geometry by regulating genes controlling cell wall and cytoskeleton properties. This interaction with cell geometry generates asymmetric divisions during the earliest steps in plant development.
Article
Cell Biology
Fabiola Mascanzoni, Roberta Iannitti, Antonino Colanzi
Summary: The dynamic association between the Golgi complex and the centrosome plays a crucial role in cellular processes such as cell polarization and division.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chao Xie, Yuxiang Jiang, Zhiwen Zhu, Shanjin Huang, Wei Li, Guangshuo Ou
Summary: The evolutionarily conserved coronin family protein POD-1 debranches Arp2/3-nucleated actin filaments in migrating neuroblasts and asymmetrically dividing embryos, contributing to cell polarity and migration. Fluorescence live imaging analysis revealed POD-1 colocalization with Arp2/3 at the leading edge of neuroblasts, indicating their synergistic role in organizing actin networks and cell polarity. Conditional mutations of POD-1 disrupted actin assembly, cell polarity, and migration, highlighting the importance of F-actin debranching in regulating these cellular processes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Stephanie Levert, Julie Pilliod, Etienne Aumont, Sandrine Armanville, Cyntia Tremblay, Frederic Calon, Nicole Leclerc
Summary: In this study, the interaction between Tau and FLNA proteins was explored, as well as the impact of FLNA on Tau pathology. The results showed that overexpression of FLNA led to the accumulation of Tau protein in cells, increased its phosphorylation and cleavage by Caspase-3, but did not increase its aggregation. Additionally, FLNA overexpression also induced the accumulation of annexin A2. However, in AD brains, the increase in FLNA did not correlate with Tau pathology.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kirstine Lavrsen, Girish Rajendraprasad, Marcin Leda, Susana Eibes, Elisa Vitiello, Vasileios Katopodis, Andrew B. Goryachev, Marin Barisic
Summary: Cell polarization and symmetry breaking are crucial for directed cell migration. The study reveals that microtubule detyrosination drives cell polarization by transporting APC protein to cortical sites through kinesin-1-based transport, supporting the formation of leading edge and directed cell migration.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Xingyuan Fang, Tatyana M. Svitkina
Summary: The APC protein, known for its role as a tumor suppressor and in Wnt signaling regulation, also plays a crucial role in cell migration as a cytoskeletal protein. Mutations in the APC gene are associated with colorectal cancer and neurological disorders. Understanding how APC regulates cell motility is still incomplete, but recent research suggests its involvement in initiating leading edge protrusion through interactions with microtubules and the Arp2/3 complex.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nikolaus Rajewsky, Genevieve Almouzni, Stanislaw A. Gorski, Stein Aerts, Ido Amit, Michela G. Bertero, Christoph Bock, Annelien L. Bredenoord, Giacomo Cavalli, Susanna Chiocca, Hans Clevers, Bart De Strooper, Angelika Eggert, Jan Ellenberg, Xose M. Fernandez, Marek Figlerowicz, Susan M. Gasser, Norbert Hubner, Jorgen Kjems, Juergen A. Knoblich, Grietje Krabbe, Peter Lichter, Sten Linnarsson, Jean-Christophe Marine, John C. Marioni, Marc A. Marti-Renom, Mihai G. Netea, Dorthe Nickel, Marcelo Nollmann, Halina R. Novak, Helen Parkinson, Stefano Piccolo, Ines Pinheiro, Ana Pombo, Christian Popp, Wolf Reik, Sergio Roman-Roman, Philip Rosenstiel, Joachim L. Schultze, Oliver Stegle, Amos Tanay, Giuseppe Testa, Dimitris Thanos, Fabian J. Theis, Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla, Alfonso Valencia, Celine Vallot, Alexander van Oudenaarden, Marie Vidal, Thierry Voet
Article
Neurosciences
Orly Reiner, Arpan Parichha, Tamar Sapir
Summary: Advancements in understanding human neuronal migration disorders using mouse models have been significant, despite the notable differences between human and mouse genetic information and developmental processes. The development of human brain organoid models has sparked excitement in modeling human neuronal migration diseases. Differences in gene expression, morphology, and migratory routes between human and mouse brains highlight the need for further study.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nikolaus Rajewsky, Genevieve Almouzni, Stanislaw A. Gorski, Stein Aerts, Ido Amit, Michela G. Bertero, Christoph Bock, Annelien L. Bredenoord, Giacomo Cavalli, Susanna Chiocca, Hans Clevers, Bart De Strooper, Angelika Eggert, Jan Ellenberg, Xose M. Fernandez, Marek Figlerowicz, Susan M. Gasser, Norbert Hubner, Jorgen Kjems, Jurgen A. Knoblich, Grietje Krabbe, Peter Lichter, Sten Linnarsson, Jean-Christophe Marine, John C. Marioni, Marc A. Marti-Renom, Mihai G. Netea, Dorthe Nickel, Marcelo Nollmann, Halina R. Novak, Helen Parkinson, Stefano Piccolo, Ines Pinheiro, Ana Pombo, Christian Popp, Wolf Reik, Sergio Roman-Roman, Philip Rosenstiel, Joachim L. Schultze, Oliver Stegle, Amos Tanay, Giuseppe Testa, Dimitris Thanos, Fabian J. Theis, Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla, Alfonso Valencia, Celine Vallot, Alexander van Oudenaarden, Marie Vidal, Thierry Voet
Editorial Material
Immunology
Faith H. Brennan, Liam G. Coulthard, Ali M. Alawieh, Orly Reiner, Marcela Pekna
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Arpan Parichha, Varun Suresh, Mallika Chatterjee, Aditya Kshirsagar, Lihi Ben-Reuven, Tsviya Olender, M. Mark Taketo, Velena Radosevic, Mihaela Bobic-Rasonja, Sara Trnski, Michael J. Holtzman, Natasa Jovanov-Milosevic, Orly Reiner, Shubha Tole
Summary: The choroid plexus, responsible for secreting cerebrospinal fluid, plays a critical role in brain development and function. Activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is essential for the proper development of the choroid plexus, but over-activation of this pathway can lead to a loss of its properties and transformation into neurons.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Tamar Sapir, Dalit Sela-Donenfeld, Maayan Karlinski, Orly Reiner
Summary: This passage discusses the development and organization of the cortex from the caudal regions of the segmented neural tube, and suggests using a developmental perspective to understand common cortical malformations and their manifestation in the human brain.
Article
Cell Biology
E. Dominguez-Sala, L. Valdes-Sanchez, S. Canals, O. Reiner, A. Pombero, R. Garcia-Lopez, A. Estirado, D. Pastor, E. Geijo-Barrientos, S. Martinez
Summary: LIS1 (PAFAH1B1) plays a major role in the developing cerebral cortex and mutations in this gene can cause lissencephaly type 1. Research on mutant mice with a deletion in the first exon of the Lis1 gene revealed abnormal distribution and functional abnormalities in cortical GABAergic interneurons. Additionally, these mice exhibited altered oscillatory activity and abnormalities in the fast spiking inhibitory GABAergic interneurons. These findings suggest that certain mutations in the Lis1 gene can lead to phenotypes similar to those observed in patients with schizophrenia and autism.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tamar Sapir, Aditya Kshirsagar, Anna Gorelik, Tsviya Olender, Ziv Porat, Ingrid E. Scheffer, David B. Goldstein, Orrin Devinsky, Orly Reiner
Summary: HNRNPU loss of function leads to rapid cell death of both postmitotic neurons and neural progenitors, with a higher sensitivity of the latter. The expression and alternative splicing of multiple genes involved in cell survival, cell motility, and synapse formation are affected following Hnrnpu's conditional truncation. Pharmaceutical and genetic agents have been identified to partially reverse the loss of cortical structures in Hnrnpu mutated embryonic brains.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sergiu P. Pasca, Paola Arlotta, Helen S. Bateup, J. Gray Camp, Silvia Cappello, Fred H. Gage, Juergen A. Knoblich, Arnold R. Kriegstein, Madeline A. Lancaster, Guo-Li Ming, Alysson R. Muotri, In-Hyun Park, Orly Reiner, Hongjun Song, Lorenz Studer, Sally Temple, Giuseppe Testa, Barbara Treutlein, Flora M. Vaccarino
Summary: The nomenclature of human multicellular models of nervous system development and disease, including organoids, assembloids, and transplants, is clarified and provided as a basic framework to facilitate progress and improve communication with the scientific community and the public. These models derived from human pluripotent stem cells or primary tissue have the potential to provide insights into the unique development of the human nervous system and the progression and treatment of nervous system disorders.
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Liang Qiang, Michael A. Lane, Claudia A. Doege, Orly Reiner, Itzhak Fischer
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrew K. Ressler, Gabriela L. A. Sampaio, Sarah A. Dugger, Tamar Sapir, Daniel Krizay, Michael J. Boland, Orly Reiner, David B. Goldstein
Summary: Generating effective therapies for neurodevelopmental disorders is challenging. An emerging approach is to characterize transcriptomic dysregulation in a model system and screen for therapeutics that restore functional expression patterns. We characterized dysregulation in a human model of HNRNPU-related disorder and compared it to mice models, finding enrichment of co-dysregulation between human organoids and embryonic mice. However, hnRNPU-deficient human organoids may only model transcriptional dysregulation in certain cell types during specific developmental periods.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tamar Sapir, Orly Reiner
Summary: Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU) is a nuclear protein that is involved in important biological functions such as RNA splicing and chromatin organization. Its activities, along with scaffold attachment factor A (SAF-A), are crucial for various processes including gene expression, DNA replication, genome integrity, and mitotic fidelity. HNRNPU is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by developmental delay and intellectual disability. Our research shows that the loss of HNRNPU function results in the death of neural progenitor cells and post-mitotic neurons, affecting gene expression and alternative splicing of genes involved in signaling pathways related to HNRNPU-related neurodevelopmental disorders.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Manuela Cassotta, Hugo Geerts, Lise Harbom, Tiago F. Outeiro, Iosif Pediaditakis, Orly Reiner, Stefan Schildknecht, Jens C. Schwamborn, Jarrod Bailey, Kathrin Herrmann, Helena T. Hogberg
Summary: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative condition with a lack of preventive or curative therapies. New approach methodologies (NAMs) hold potential to advance PD research and reduce the reliance on animal-based studies. Key recommendations to advance PD research include integrating NAMs, learning from other neurodegenerative diseases, increasing data sharing, promoting innovative pilot studies, and accessing philanthropic funding.
ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Biophysics
Orly Reiner, Aditya Kshirsagar
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Orly Reiner, Tamar Sapir, Arpan Parichha
Summary: Parkinson's disease pathology may manifest earlier in the gastrointestinal track, human induced pluripotent stem cells and organoids aid in disease research, future models should aim to be more complex.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
