Article
Immunology
Brandon Ruddell, Alan Hassall, Orhan Sahin, Qijing Zhang, Paul J. Plummer, Amanda J. Kreuder
Summary: The genes metA and metB are essential for l-methionine production in Campylobacter jejuni in the absence of luxS, and play a critical role in normal chicken colonization by the bacteria.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Julia Hankel, Timothy Gibson, Julia Skov, Karsten Brandt Andersen, Michelle Dargatz, Andreas Kappel, Frank Thiemann, Ben Curtis, Bussarakam Chuppava, Christian Visscher
Summary: Campylobacter is a major bacterial foodborne pathogen worldwide, and poultry is the host species with the highest clinical impact. The study evaluated current and emerging C. jejuni detection technologies on air samples, and found that both non-invasive detection technologies using volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or qPCR could detect the presence of C. jejuni and distinguish between the number of positive birds.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Sophie Chagneau, Marie-Lou Gaucher, William P. Theriault, Philippe Fravalo, Alexandre Thibodeau
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between two different C. jejuni strains in poultry and their impact on gut colonization and liver spread. The findings suggest that there is both commensalism and competition between the strains, and the mode of colonization and spread differs depending on the strain. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of commensalism and competition between strains in order to develop appropriate control strategies for farms.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Harald Nothaft, Maria Elisa Perez-Munoz, Tianfu Yang, Abarna V. M. Murugan, Michelle Miller, Daniel Kolarich, Graham S. Plastow, Jens Walter, Christine M. Szymanski
Summary: The study shows that Campylobacter jejuni spreads through contaminated poultry products, and an attenuated Escherichia coli live vaccine strain expressing the C. jejuni N-glycan can reduce the Campylobacter load in poultry, with distinct responder and non-responder outcomes. Research indicates that antibodies from responder birds have higher Campylobacter-opsonophagocytic activity, and transplantation of cecal microbiota from responder birds can enhance vaccine-induced antigen-specific IgY responses.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Tassiana Ramires, Richard Wilson, Wladimir Padilha da Silva, John P. Bowman
Summary: This study identified pH-dependent proteins in Campylobacter jejuni that respond independently of the growth phase, using a data-dependent acquisition label-free proteomics approach. These proteins are crucial for the growth and fitness of the bacteria.
RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Daniel Eriksson, Ella Rahlen, Emma Bergenkvist, Moa Skarin, Lise-Lotte Fernstrom, Jesper Ryden, Ingrid Hansson
Summary: Most Campylobacter infections in humans are sporadic cases connected to private households. Chicken meat, believed to be the main source of human exposure, poses cross-contamination risks in the kitchen. Freezing can reduce Campylobacter concentrations on chicken meat. Different Campylobacter sequence types have varying abilities to withstand freezing stress. Campylobacter remaining on hands after washing and on cutting boards after wiping are likely sources of cross-contamination in the kitchen.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Luis R. Munoz, Matthew A. Bailey, James T. Krehling, Dianna V. Bourassa, Ruediger Hauck, Wilmer J. Pacheco, Bernardo Chaves-Cordoba, Kaicie S. Chasteen, Aidan A. Talorico, Cesar Escobar, Andrea Pietruska, Ken S. Macklin
Summary: A study was conducted to assess the effects of a dietary yeast cell wall (YCW) with and without a Campylobacter jejuni (CJ) challenge. The results showed that the addition of YCW did not have an impact on broiler performance, innate immune response, cecal colonization, carcass yield, or CJ prevalence after processing.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ali Al-Sakkaf
Summary: This study aimed to determine the microbial kinetic parameters in chicken under dynamic temperature for campylobacteriosis strains in New Zealand. The obtained D and z values were consistent with international isothermal data, indicating that the high rate of campylobacteriosis in New Zealand is not due to the emergence of more heat resistant strains.
JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Harald Nothaft, Xiaoming Bian, Asif Shajahan, William G. Miller, David T. Bolick, Richard L. Guerrant, Parastoo Azadi, Kenneth K. S. Ng, Christine M. Szymanski
Summary: The study identified C. jejuni isolates expressing a hexasaccharide lacking the glucose branch, caused by a missing aspartate in the DXDD motif of the glucosyltransferase PglI. Mouse vaccination with E. coli expressing the full-length heptasaccharide demonstrated reduction in C. jejuni colonization and weight loss. The study suggests the importance of considering glucose inclusion in N-glycan-based vaccines for preventing campylobacteriosis.
ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Pongthorn Pumtang-on, Timothy J. Mahony, Rodney A. Hill, Anthony Pavic, Thiru Vanniasinkam
Summary: Campylobacter spp. contamination in poultry products is a global concern for foodborne illnesses. Understanding the factors driving contamination and investigating genetic diversity can help in developing better intervention strategies. This study found potential sources of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli colonization in free-range broiler farms, enhancing knowledge for controlling this foodborne pathogen effectively.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Taketoshi Iwata, Ayako Watanabe-Yanai, Yukino Tamamura-Andoh, Nobuo Arai, Masato Akiba, Masahiro Kusumoto
Summary: Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and raw or undercooked chicken meat is considered the major source of human campylobacteriosis. We identified 36 compounds with inhibitory effects on C. jejuni, and among them, tryptanthrin (TRP) showed bactericidal activity against C. jejuni. TRP can effectively reduce the level of C. jejuni infection in chicken farms.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amber Hameed, Julian M. Ketley, Alexandra Woodacre, Lee R. Machado, Gemma L. Marsden
Summary: This study conducted a classification and frequency analysis of LOS genotypes in C. jejuni and C. coli. The results showed that class B is the most abundant LOS class in C. jejuni, while class III is the most abundant LOS locus type in C. coli.
Article
Food Science & Technology
A. Arun Prince Milton, Kasanchi M. Momin, G. Bhuvana Priya, Samir Das, M. Angappan, Arnab Sen, D. K. Sinha, Sandeep Ghatak
Summary: A simple saltatory rolling circle amplification (SRCA) assay has been developed for rapid and accurate detection of Campylobacter jejuni in chicken meat. The specificity and sensitivity of the assay have been validated, showing 10- and 100-fold better detection limits compared to end-point and real-time PCR, respectively. This method is suitable for resource-limited food analysis laboratories.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Carla Susana Rodrigues, Paulo Marcel Armendaris, Claudia Valeria Goncalves Cordeiro de Sa, Joao Paulo Amaral Haddad, Cristiano Barros de Melo
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter in chicken carcasses from slaughterhouses in three states in southern Brazil, revealing a prevalence of 35.84% with C. jejuni being the main species. While the size of slaughterhouses did not affect the prevalence, significant differences were observed among the three states, with Parana having the lowest prevalence. The results highlight the need for strategies to control this pathogen in Brazil to protect consumer health and maintain the country's position in the international poultry meat market.
CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Xiaofei Li, Qinwen Chai, Lina Zheng, Pingyu Huang, Ozan Gundogdu, Xinan Jiao, Yuanyue Tang, Jinlin Huang
Summary: This study demonstrated the critical role of the B and N domains of FlhF protein in flagellar assembly in Campylobacter jejuni. Point mutations in these domains caused abnormal flagella, disrupted GTPase activity and polar targeting of FlhF, and significantly affected flagella gene expression and transcription.
MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Nana Mensah, Yue Tang, Shaun Cawthraw, Manal AbuOun, Jackie Fenner, Nicholas R. Thomson, Alison E. Mather, Liljana Petrovska-Holmes
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Alessia De Lucia, Shaun Cawthraw, Rob Davies, Richard P. Smith, Carlo Bianco, Fabio Ostanello, Francesca Martelli
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Rehabilitation
John W. Norbury, William Brader, Michael McIver, Stephen C. Charles, Vivek Sindhi, Kimberly M. Rathbun
Summary: Predefined angles appear to improve procedure time and accuracy for certain target depths, while the revised APPLES mnemonic may serve as a useful mental checklist for many novice operators. These tools could help facilitate safe and efficient ultrasound-guided procedures in the clinical setting.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION
(2021)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Nicolae Corcionivoschi, Stuart A. Thompson, Ozan Gundogdu
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Marek Bogacz, Faiha M. El Abbar, Claudia A. Cox, Jiaqi Li, Jarred S. Fiedler, Lynn K. H. Tran, Paul M. H. Tran, C. Luke Daugherty, Kate H. Blake, Zhirui Wang, Parastoo Azadi, Stuart A. Thompson
Summary: The study identified the FliW binding site on CsrA in Campylobacter jejuni and found that specific mutations (V51A and N55A) significantly decreased FliW binding. These mutations, as well as the conservation of certain residues in bacterial species, suggest a potential regulation mechanism by FliW in bacterial CsrA proteins.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Stephanie L. Baer, Rhonda E. Colombo, Maribeth H. Johnson, Sushama Wakade, Gabriela Pacholczyk, Cheryl Newman-Whitlow, Stuart A. Thompson, Michael S. Saag, Jeffrey N. Martin, Michelle Floris-Moore, Lei Huang, Andrew L. Mellor
Summary: The study found that PLWH receiving ART had higher IDO activity at all ages, with K:T ratio increasing with age. There was no significant correlation between CD4 count and K:T, as well as between levels of 16S rDNA or LPS detection and K:T.
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
A. De Lucia, R. M. Card, N. Duggett, R. P. Smith, R. Davies, S. A. Cawthraw, M. F. Anjum, M. Rambaldi, F. Ostanello, F. Martelli
Summary: This study found that cessation of group antimicrobial treatment led to significant reductions in the prevalence of multidrug resistance in commensal Escherichia coli in pigs, indicating the importance of the farm environment as a reservoir of resistant bacteria.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Antonia Touloudi, George Valiakos, Shaun Cawthraw, Polychronis Kostoulas, Christian Gortazar, Mariana Boadella, Alexios Giannakopoulos, Periklis Birtsas, Marina Sofia, Labrini V. Athanasiou, Maria Satra, Zoi Athanasakopoulou, Maria Kantere, Vassiliki Spyrou, Liljana Petrovska, Charalambos Billinis
Summary: The multiplex bead assay showed high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of antibodies against Mycobacterium bovis, Brucella suis, and Trichinella spiralis in Eurasian wild boar. The assay has great diagnostic potential for simultaneous detection of these antibodies.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Valentine E. Anyanwu, Stephen J. Hall, Gill Stephens, Anca Pordea
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of putrescine oxidase from Rhodococcus erythropolis for the bioproduction of N-heterocycles from cadaverine. The enzyme showed good activity under optimal temperature and pH conditions, with complete biotransformation of cadaverine observed in whole cells. A direct assay of enzyme activity for cadaverine oxidation was successfully implemented, confirming the efficiency of the enzyme for this biotechnological application.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Kimberly M. Rathbun, Aaron S. Zweig
Summary: A phantom model mimicking the fetal heart rate in utero has been successfully created using a toy fish, balloons, and water-absorbing gel crystals for M-mode ultrasound teaching purposes. This cost-effective and easily constructed phantom provides learners with a safe environment to practice without the need for live fetus exposure.
JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Kate Newton, Susan M. Withenshaw, Shaun A. Cawthraw, Rob Davies
Summary: This study investigated Salmonella contamination and control on broiler farms in Great Britain, identifying external areas as the main source of Salmonella and successful elimination inside affected houses, especially for regulated serovars and high priority strains. Risk factor analysis indicated that types of flooring around poultry houses and farm capacity were associated with higher odds of testing positive for Salmonella, providing insight into practical targets for Salmonella control on broiler farms in GB.
PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Susan M. Withenshaw, Shaun Cawthraw, Becky Gosling, Kate Newton, Claire E. Oastler, Richard P. Smith, Robert H. Davies
Summary: Salmonellosis is the second most commonly reported zoonosis in the EU, with contaminated meat from broiler chickens as an important source of human infection. Although the prevalence of Salmonella in broiler flocks in Great Britain has decreased since 2010, with known colonisers being isolated at increasing frequencies, further controls on hatchery contamination are required. Investigations on risk factors for Salmonella contamination in broiler hatcheries in GB revealed certain operational practices positively associated with Salmonella detection, highlighting the importance of targeted control measures.
PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Claudia A. Cox, Marek Bogacz, Faiha M. El Abbar, Darren D. Browning, Brian Y. Hsueh, Chris M. Waters, Vincent T. Lee, Stuart A. Thompson
Summary: Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis and is associated with various extragastrointestinal conditions. The study found that CbrR is a negative regulator that controls motility and the expression of FlaA, a critical virulence factor in C. jejuni pathogenesis.
Article
Microbiology
Antonia Touloudi, John McGiven, Shaun Cawthraw, George Valiakos, Polychronis Kostoulas, Lucy Duncombe, Christian Gortazar, Mariana Boadella, Marina Sofia, Zoi Athanasakopoulou, Dimitris C. Chatzopoulos, Vassiliki Spyrou, Liljana Petrovska, Charalambos Billinis
Summary: This study successfully developed a multiplex bead assay that differentiates between Brucella-infected and Brucella-uninfected pigs and wild boar, while overcoming cross reactivity with Yersinia enterocolitica.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Kimberly Rathbun, Claire Harryman, Anthony Re
Summary: A significant limitation of homemade phantoms is their limited shelf life. This study compared the impact of different additives on shelf life and found that certain additives rendered the phantom unusable or negatively affected its appearance. Adding household bleach or chlorhexidine gluconate to the mixture, or using a povidone-iodine layer on top of the phantom, were identified as the best preservation methods at room temperature, with refrigerated samples lasting longer in all cases.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ULTRASOUND
(2022)