Consequences of direct and indirect activation of dendritic cells on antigen presentation: Functional implications and clinical considerations

The antigen presentation properties of Dendritic cells (DC) are key factors in the initiation and modulation of immune responses. The mechanisms involved in the regulation of MHC II antigen presentation in DC have been thoroughly investigated. Here, we will summarize recent advances in the field, focusing on how DC regulate antigen presentation during and after maturation, and its functional implications. We will also discuss future perspectives and clinical considerations. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.