Article
Entomology
Yuki Nagata, Hiroto Nishino, Kazuki Kuroda, Tadashi Shinohara, Daisuke Satomi, Karen Terada, Taira Nishimura, Takahiro Kuroda, Yoshitaka Inoue, Yonghwan Park, Yasuoki Takami
Summary: This study reveals the reproductive phenology and female mating frequency in a wild mantid population through field surveys and analysis, providing insights into the evolution of male mating behavior under sperm competition and sexual cannibalism.
ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Magdalena Matzke, Soren Toft, Jesper Bechsgaard, Astrid Pold Vilstrup, Gabriele Uhl, Sven Kuenzel, Cristina Tuni, Trine Bilde
Summary: Sperm competition is a driving force for the development of traits that enhance fertilization success. This study focuses on the polyandrous spider Pisaura mirabilis and examines the effects of female polyandry, male mating order, and sexual selection intensity on sperm precedence patterns and paternity. The findings suggest that intense sperm competition can shift sperm precedence patterns and that longer copulations increase paternity shares, highlighting the importance of traits that prolong copulation duration under intense competition.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xin Zhang, Renee C. Firman, Mingjing Song, Guoliang Li, Chaoyuan Cheng, Jing Liu, Shuli Huang, Erdenetuya Batsuren, Zhibin Zhang
Summary: This study examined the effects of population density and body mass on mating strategies and reproductive success in Brandt's voles. The results showed that individuals with more mating partners had increased reproductive success, especially in high-density environments. The findings highlight the importance of understanding individual reproductive strategies and their implications for population growth.
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Aru Toyoda, Tamaki Maruhashi, Yoshi Kawamoto, Kazunari Matsudaira, Ikki Matsuda, Suchinda Malaivijitnond
Summary: This study provides detailed insights into copulatory behaviors and genetic analysis of male coalition-like formation in stump-tailed macaques. The findings suggest that male-male alliances can form regardless of the degree of kinship/relatedness and that males employing a coalition strategy have higher reproductive success compared to those using a single-male monopoly strategy.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Jessica H. Browne, Darryl T. Gwynne
Summary: Male parental investment is associated with high confidence of paternity. In species where males invest by providing food, there is less control over insemination and a greater risk of investing in unrelated offspring. Paternity sharing is expected due to the risk of sperm competition and the fitness cost of excluding males from siring offspring. The study of two insect species with sexually selected females and nuptial food gifts provided evidence of shared paternity and a lack of last-male sperm precedence, suggesting reduced paternity bias in nuptial-gift systems.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Entomology
Jason Shadmany, Siu F. Lee, Phillip W. Taylor
Summary: Polyandry in Queensland fruit flies can reduce the efficacy of the Sterile Insect Technique, with females storing fewer sperm from their second mate and asymmetry in sperm storage from the first mate influencing sperm storage from the second mate. These findings have implications for understanding sperm competition patterns in this species and for pest control methods.
JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Jeremias N. Brand, Luke J. Harmon, Lukas Schaerer
Summary: This study investigates the correlation between sex allocation and reproductive behavior in hermaphroditic flatworms. The study finds that hypodermic insemination leads to a more female-biased sex allocation and is associated with selfing or biparental inbreeding. Additionally, a trade-off between male and female reproduction is observed, as well as a correlation between morphological indicators and sex allocation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julia Leme Pablos, Ana Kristina Silva, Noemy Seraphim, Luiza de Moraes Magaldi, Anete Pereira de Souza, Andre Victor Lucci Freitas, Karina Lucas Silva-Brandao
Summary: The study on Atlantic Forest White Morpho butterflies shows that there is no clear species diversification and population structure among the populations, suggesting that the current distinction between the two species is unreasonable. Northern samples exhibit more intragroup structure, and clustering tests indicate the existence of three genetic clusters, with turnover between the states of Paran ' a and Sa similar to o Paulo.
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Review
Biology
Liam R. Dougherty, Michael J. A. Skirrow, Michael D. Jennions, Leigh W. Simmons
Summary: In many animal species, males exhibit different alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) in obtaining fertilisations, but there is little evidence that ARTs differ substantially in investment into sperm and ejaculates across species. The incongruence between theoretical predictions and empirical results could be explained by the failure of theoretical models to account for differences in overall resource levels between males exhibiting different ARTs, as well as the inaccurate measurement of sperm or ejaculate traits in reflecting overall post-mating investment or affecting fertilisation success.
BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
J. Juan Rendon-Herrera, Juan Carlos Perez-Jimenez, Nancy C. Saavedra-Sotelo
Summary: The study assessed multiple paternity in the brown smooth-hound shark (Mustelus henlei) and found regional variation in this phenomenon in the northeastern Pacific. Larger females had a higher probability of multiple paternity in the Gulf of California.
JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Ilaria Guarniero, Daniele Franchini, Alice Ferrari, Laura Gentile, Antonio Casalini, Pietro Emmanuele, Oliviero Mordenti
Summary: Due to its complex life cycle and multiple stress factors, the European eel has been declared Critically Endangered. Implementing mass production through artificial breeding protocols could be a possible solution to relieve pressure on natural stocks.
AQUACULTURE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
E. Rodriguez-Pena, P. Verisimo, O. Tully, L. Fernandez, A. Martinez-Lage
Summary: The spiny spider crab Maja brachydactyla shows multiple paternity, with a higher frequency in heavily exploited areas. Multiple paternity may serve as a mechanism to protect females and increase genetic diversity in populations.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Jasmin Kleissen, Niko Balkenhol, Heike Proehl
Summary: Human activities are causing continuous loss in biodiversity, especially affecting species like the yellow-bellied toad. Landscape changes impact genetic connectivity and gene flow in populations, with anthropogenic structures posing the greatest barriers. Specific landscape elements, such as underpasses, can have a positive impact on genetic distance between populations.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joseph T. Feldblum, Christopher Krupenye, Joel Bray, Anne E. Pusey, Ian C. Gilby
Summary: Research on wild chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, has shown that male social bonds increase reproductive success through various mechanisms, such as forming strong bonds with alpha males and having larger networks of strong bonds. These bonds influence short-term coalition formation and centrality in the coalition network, as well as long-term dominance rank improvement for males who attain alpha status, ultimately leading to reproductive success.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Walter D. Koenig, Anna C. B. Prinz, Joseph Haydock, Hannah L. Dugdale, Eric L. Walters
Summary: The study on acorn woodpeckers shows that males who invest more in offspring are more likely to sire young successfully. These males adjust their behavior based on their paternity success, with differences in behavior partly due to individual variation and partly due to plasticity in behavior covarying with paternity share.
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Kimberly T. Mitchell, Shawn R. Garner, Aimee Lee Houde, Chris C. Wilson, Trevor E. Pitcher, Bryan D. Neff
Summary: The study found that exotic prey fishes with high thiaminase levels can cause thiamine deficiency and reduced fitness in salmonids. Differences in sensitivity to low thiamine availability among Atlantic salmon populations may affect their performance, but the response to low-thiamine diet did not differ significantly among the tested populations.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Nicolas J. Munoz, Brian Reid, Cristian Correa, Bryan D. Neff, John D. Reynolds
Summary: The presence of Chinook salmon in streams in southern Chile has significantly enhanced the growth of biofilm-associated algae, leading to increased biomass. The incorporation of marine-derived nutrients by algae only occurred in streams with lower water flow in one of the two studied spawning seasons, suggesting that inter-annual variation in discharge can mediate the subsidising effect of salmon.
FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Ashley M. Watt, Ruth Marcec-Greaves, Kristin M. Hinkson, Sinlan Poo, Beth Roberts, Trevor E. Pitcher
Summary: This study explored the effects of aging on sperm quality in the endangered Mississippi gopher frog, with results showing that older males had longer sperm while younger males had more atypical sperm. There were no significant differences in sperm quality based on induction hormones or source populations used at different institutions. This information is valuable for captive breeding programs, indicating that older males may have better sperm quality for fertilization success.
Article
Fisheries
Andy J. Turko, Alexandra T. A. Leclair, Nicholas E. Mandrak, D. Andrew R. Drake, Graham R. Scott, Trevor E. Pitcher
Summary: Reintroduction success of imperiled species depends on the thermal tolerance of introduced animals' phenotype. A study comparing thermal tolerance among different lineages of redside dace found differences between juveniles and adults, with predicted thermal safety margins for reintroduction varying between lineages. The establishment of captive experimental research populations is urgently needed to address remaining uncertainties.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Malcolm J. Lau, Chris C. Wilson, Bryan D. Neff
Summary: Innate anti-predator responses were observed in Atlantic salmon when exposed to a chemical alarm cue derived from conspecifics, but not to a visual predator cue like a kingfisher model, with no evidence of a learned anti-predator response after training across three populations. Understanding population variability in anti-predator behavior is crucial for selecting populations for Atlantic salmon reintroduction efforts.
Article
Ecology
Christian A. Therrien, Yolanda E. Morbey, Bryan D. Neff
Summary: This study observed the foraging behavior of juvenile Atlantic salmon from two populations under varying shelter availability, revealing that salmon tend to forage more in environments with higher shelter availability. This finding suggests that increasing shelter availability should be a key consideration in stream restoration programs.
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Claire L. J. Doherty, Aaron T. Fisk, Steven J. Cooke, Trevor E. Pitcher, Graham D. Raby
Summary: Estimating metabolic rate in wild free-swimming fish using surgically implanted heart rate biologgers was explored. Results showed that largemouth bass had higher heart rates and standard metabolic rates than bowfin, though there were weak relationships between heart rate and oxygen consumption in both species, suggesting the need for further species-specific validations.
JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Nicolas J. Munoz, Brian Reid, Cristian Correa, Ruben Isai Madriz, Bryan D. Neff, John D. Reynolds
Summary: This study provides the first assessment of how salmon-derived nutrients enter stream and forest food webs in southern Chile. The researchers found that blowflies and midge flies are the dominant invertebrate consumers of salmon carcasses, while various species including birds, rodents, foxes, and minks consume the carcasses or associated invertebrates. The study also suggests that the pathways of salmon nutrient incorporation in North American food webs have re-emerged in South America. Expanded monitoring of salmon abundance and impacts is crucial for understanding the alteration of Patagonian food webs by these novel nutrient inputs.
Article
Fisheries
A. I. Mokdad, S. R. Garner, B. D. Neff, T. E. Pitcher
Summary: The failure of reintroducing extirpated populations is believed to be due to maladaptive behaviors exhibited by captive-bred individuals in the release environment. Soft-release conditioning tactics aim to reduce these behaviors by providing an acclimatization period. This study found that soft-release tactics did indeed affect dispersal behavior of Atlantic Salmon, with soft-release fish dispersing earlier and less likely to move upstream compared to hard-release fish.
NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Biology
Matt J. Thorstensen, Andy J. Turko, Daniel D. Heath, Ken M. Jeffries, Trevor E. Pitcher
Summary: Transcriptomic research helps us understand an organism's response to environmental challenges, such as increasing temperatures due to urbanization and climate change. In this study, we investigated the redside dace to understand the role of gene expression-splicing interactions in the thermal stress response. Our results showed that thermally stressed fish had transcriptional responses related to transcription regulation and unfolded protein responses, as well as alternatively spliced genes related to gene expression regulation and metabolism. We also identified a specific splicing factor that may play a role in the cellular stress response. Understanding the relationship between gene expression and splicing is important for comprehending transcriptomic responses to thermal stress.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Carlie A. Muir, Shawn R. Garner, Sashko Damjanovski, Bryan D. Neff
Summary: In this study, we investigated the plasticity of heart morphology and function in juvenile Atlantic salmon under different temperature conditions. We found that increasing temperature allowed the hearts of these fish to continue beating rhythmically at higher temperatures, but did not change the maximum cardiovascular capacity. Histological analysis of the heart revealed an increase in the proportion of compact myocardium in fish reared at elevated temperatures, but no differences in ventricular roundness and size.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
A. I. Mokdad, M. Elsheikh, O. M. Sulja, T. E. Pitcher
Summary: This study found that early exposure to alarm cues did not lead to a developmentally plastic response in Atlantic salmon, but pre-exposed fish had relatively smaller olfactory bulbs.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Carlie A. Muir, Bryan D. Neff, Sashko Damjanovski
Summary: Measures of cardiac performance are crucial for assessing thermal performance in fishes, with previous studies showing a link between improved heart function and swimming performance. Doppler echocardiography is a popular tool for real-time examination of cardiac function.
CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)