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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shuai Ma, Cheng Cao, Shiyou Che, Yuejiao Wang, Dongxue Su, Shuai Liu, Wenchen Gong, Ling Liu, Jixue Sun, Jiao Zhao, Qian Wang, Nan Song, Tong Ge, Qiushi Guo, Shanshan Tian, Charlie Degui Chen, Tao Zhang, Ju Wang, Xiang Ding, Fuquan Yang, Guoguang Ying, Jie Yang, Kai Zhang, Yi Zhu, Zhi Yao, Na Yang, Lei Shi
Summary: The study reveals the crucial role of histone demethylase PHF8 in ATR activation and replication stress response, shedding light on the regulation of the assembly of TOPBP1-scaffolded protein complex.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katrina Montales, Kenna Ruis, Howard Lindsay, W. Matthew Michael
Summary: ATR kinase is activated by DNA damage and replication stress, but recruitment to damage sites is not sufficient for activation. TOPBP1 is transiently present at DSBs and its recruitment is influenced by MRN, CtIP, and ATM. The 9-1-1 complex and MDC1 are not essential for TOPBP1 recruitment to DSBs.
Article
Immunology
C. Garrison Fathman, Linda Yip, Diana Gomez-Martin, Mang Yu, Christine M. Seroogy, Clarence R. Hurt, Jack T. Lin, Jennifer A. Jenks, Kari C. Nadeau, Luis Soares
Summary: This article discusses the reasons for the defect in T-reg function in autoimmune diseases and proposes a new treatment approach. The research found that GRAIL plays an important role in T-reg function and its expression is diminished in T-regs of autoimmune patients. The article suggests that combination therapy of neddylation activating enzyme inhibitors (NAEi) with low-dose IL-2 can restore the function and stability of T-regs, and targeted drug delivery can be achieved through protein drug conjugates (PDC).
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Biao Zhang, Yi Li, Jieyou Zhang, Yuejiao Wang, Can Liang, Ting Lu, Chunyong Zhang, Ling Liu, Yan Qin, Jiahuan He, Xiangnan Zhao, Jia Yu, Jihui Hao, Jie Yang, Mulin Jun Li, Zhi Yao, Shuai Ma, Hui Cheng, Tao Cheng, Lei Shi
Summary: Unscheduled R-loops can cause replication stress and DNA damage. The nuclear form of RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 promotes ATR activation and resolves genome-wide R-loops. ADAR1 interacts with TOPBP1 and enhances its association with RAD9 to address replication fork issues. When replication is inhibited, DNA-RNA hybrid competes with TOPBP1 for ADAR1 binding, leading ADAR1 to translocate from damaged forks to R-loop regions. There, ADAR1 recruits RNA helicases DHX9 and DDX21 to unwind R-loops and enhance ATR activity.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura L. Thompson, Kailee A. Rutherford, Chloe C. Lepage, Kirk J. McManus
Summary: The SCF complex is a group of E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes that play crucial roles in regulating cellular processes such as gene transcription and the cell cycle. Aberrant expression or function of SCF complex members is associated with various cancer types, highlighting the importance of further characterizing their functions for potential therapeutic development.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Taha Mohamed, Madison B. Adolph, David Cortez
Summary: This study demonstrates that RADX acts as a homooligomer to control replication fork stability. It protects nascent DNA strands from degradation by binding to both ssDNA and RAD51. Mutations in a critical region prevent RADX from oligomerizing and functioning in cells, but adding a heterologous dimerization domain restores its ability to regulate replication.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Ines Schoberleitner, Ingo Bauer, Anming Huang, Evgeniya N. Andreyeva, Johanna Sebald, Katharina Pascher, Dietmar Rieder, Melanie Brunner, Valerie Podhraski, Gregor Oemer, Daniel Cazarez-Garcia, Leila Rieder, Markus A. Keller, Robert Winkler, Dmitry Fyodorov, Alexandra Lusser
Summary: CHD1 is essential for assembling H3.3 chromatin in adult cells, particularly in the brain, playing a crucial role in regulating organismal health and longevity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dominika Grzejda, Jana Mach, Johanna Aurelia Schweizer, Barbara Hummel, Andrew Mischa Rezansoff, Florian Eggenhofer, Amol Panhale, Maria-Eleni Lalioti, Nina Cabezas Wallscheid, Rolf Backofen, Johannes Felsenberg, Valerie Hilgers
Summary: This study identifies a long noncoding RNA, mimi, as a scaffold for large neuronal granules in the adult nervous system. Neuronal ELAV-like proteins directly bind mimi and mediate granule assembly, while Staufen maintains condensate integrity. mimi granules contain mRNAs and proteins involved in synaptic processes, and their loss impairs nervous system maturity and neuropeptide-mediated signaling, leading to neurodegeneration.
Article
Oncology
Shuai Ma, Jieyou Zhang, Qiushi Guo, Cheng Cao, Kaiwen Bao, Ling Liu, Charlie Degui Chen, Zhe Liu, Jie Yang, Na Yang, Zhi Yao, Lei Shi
Summary: The dysregulation of the PHF8-TOPBP1 signaling pathway is involved in breast tumorigenesis and patient survival. Disruption of this pathway suppresses breast tumor growth and increases sensitivity to PARP inhibitors and platinum drugs.
Review
Physiology
Jeongjin J. Kim, Alexander Ahn, Jeffrey Ying, Evan Hickman, Andrew T. Ludlow
Summary: Exercise increases the expression and activity of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), promoting telomere maintenance, preventing cellular senescence, and promoting healthy aging by protecting the genome and telomeres.
EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCES REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rekha Rai, Tori Sodeinde, Ava Boston, Sandy Chang
Summary: Mammalian telomere-binding proteins TRF2 and RAP1 play a crucial role in protecting telomeres from aberrant recombination and interacting with the nuclear envelope to maintain chromosome stability.
Review
Cell Biology
Huiming Lu, Anthony J. Davis
Summary: RecQ DNA helicases are a conserved protein family found in various organisms, playing important roles in cellular functions and potentially contributing to autosomal disorders.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Jialing Wang, Ting Lu, Yali Gui, Xiaojin Zhang, Xiaofei Cao, Yuehua Li, Chuanfu Li, Li Liu, Zhengnian Ding
Summary: In this study, scientists discovered a protein called HSPA12A that is associated with mood stability. They found that mice lacking HSPA12A exhibited behaviors of mood instability and impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Furthermore, they found that HSPA12A plays a crucial role in maintaining cerebral lactate levels and mood stability. This study provides important insights into the mechanisms underlying mood disorders and adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Tengfei Ma, Liyuan Zhao, Jie Zhang, Ruofeng Tang, Xin Wang, Nan Liu, Qian Zhang, Fengyang Wang, Meijiao Li, Qian Shan, Yang Yang, Qiuyuan Yin, Limei Yang, Qiwen Gan, Chonglin Yang
Summary: Zn2+ is essential for the activity of many mitochondrial proteins, but how the proper mitochondrial Zn2+ level is maintained is not well understood. Two mitochondrion-localized transporters, SLC-30A9 and SLC-25A25, regulate mitochondrial Zn2+ levels. The endoplasmic reticulum serves as a source of Zn2+ for mitochondrial import.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mizue Anda, Shun Yamanouchi, Salvatore Cosentino, Mitsuo Sakamoto, Moriya Ohkuma, Masako Takashima, Atsushi Toyoda, Wataru Iwasaki
Summary: It is generally assumed that all bacteria must have at least one rRNA operon on the chromosome, but some strains of Aureimonas and Oecophyllibacter have their sole rrn operon on a plasmid. However, other related strains and species have chromosomal rrn loci, suggesting that the exclusive presence of rrn operons on a plasmid is rare and unlikely to be stably maintained over long evolutionary periods. In this study, the authors report the systematic search results for bacteria without chromosomal rrn operons, finding that at least four bacterial clades in different phyla lost their chromosomal rrn operons independently, with one clade maintaining this genome organization for hundreds of millions of years.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)