期刊
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
卷 43, 期 4, 页码 394-402出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2010.01.006
关键词
Dopamine; Catecholamine; Gene duplication; Forebrain; Hypothalamus; Evolution
资金
- CNRS
- University Paris-Sud
- Fondation de France and France-Parkinson
- Region Ile de France
- Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale
- Finnish Cultural Foundation
- Finnish Parkinson Foundation
- Finnish Medical Foundation
- Maire Taponen Foundation
- Farmos Science and Research Foundation
- Association Franco-finlandaise pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate limiting enzyme for dopamine synthesis, catalyzing transformation of L-tyrosine tot-DOPA. Two TH genes (TH1 and TH2) have been reported to exist in the genome of some teleost fishes, TH1 being orthologous to the mammalian TH gene (Candy and Collet, 2005). Here we show that two TH genes are commonly found in genomes of jawed vertebrates. Our analyses of molecular phylogeny and gene synteny strongly suggest that the two TH genes emerged as a consequence of a whole genome duplication before the divergence of jawed vertebrates, and that TH2 was secondarily lost in eutherians (placental mammals). The distribution of TH1 and TH2 transcripts revealed that TH1 and TH2 are differentially expressed in the zebrafish adult brain, as often observed for duplicated genes. In particular we found that TH2 transcripts were much more abundant than TH1 in the hypothalamus, and that the TH2 cells along the periventricular zone are devoid of TH immunoreactivity, due to the lack of affinity of the available anti-TH antibodies. Although these neurons have been considered to be dopamine-uptaking cells in previous studies, the expression of other monoaminergic markers such as aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), dopamine transporter (DAT), and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) suggests that these TH2 cells are dopamine-synthesizing neurons. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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