Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Feilong Chen, Beibei Liu, Hao Zhou, Jiafu Long
Summary: The study reveals a previously uncharacterized multistep pathway in which the Paf1 complex is involved in regulating the RNAPII pool in response to DNA damage. Dephosphorylation of Spt5 weakens the interaction between Rtf1 and Spt5, which is a key step in initiating the degradation of Rpb1. Rad26 is loaded onto stalled RNAPII to replace the Spt4/Spt5 complex and recruits more PAF1C to DNA lesions, leading to RNAPII removal. The intact PAF1C coordinates with Rad26 to localize the Elongin-Cullin complex on stalled RNAPII, thereby inducing RNAPII removal.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tim-Michael Decker
Summary: Spt5, a conserved transcription elongation factor, forms a complex with Spt4 in eukaryotes and regulates transcription elongation. DSIF, a versatile transcription factor, is involved in regulating promoter-proximal pausing and gene-specific transcription regulation. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of DSIF in transcription dynamics and its inhibitory and enhancing activities.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mitchell A. Ellison, Sanchirmaa Namjilsuren, Margaret K. Shirra, Matthew S. Blacksmith, Rachel A. Schusteff, Eleanor M. Kerr, Fei Fang, Yufei Xiang, Yi Shi, Karen M. Arndt
Summary: The Paf1 complex is a transcription elongation factor that regulates transcription efficiency and impacts RNA synthesis. The subunits Cdc73 and Rtf1 of Paf1C are important for the association with RNA polymerase II on active genes.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tasniem Fetian, Brendan M. McShane, Nicole L. Horan, Donya N. Shodja, Jason D. True, Amber L. Mosley, Karen M. Arndt
Summary: Histone modifications coupled to transcription elongation play important roles in regulating gene expression. The Paf1 transcription elongation complex (Paf1C) interacts with the ubiquitin conjugase Rad6 through its histone modification domain (HMD), leading to H2BK123 ubiquitylation. The specific interface between a transcription elongation factor and a ubiquitin conjugase guides substrate selection during active gene expression.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Masaaki Yokoyama, Mariko Sasaki, Takehiko Kobayashi
Summary: Genome instability plays a crucial role in the aging process of many organisms. The rDNA cluster, a highly unstable region in the genome, affects the replicative lifespan of budding yeast. By studying yeast mutants with more stable rDNA and extended lifespans, we found that the absence of a transcription elongation factor called Spt4 leads to increased rDNA stability, decreased non-coding RNA transcripts from the E-pro promoter in rDNA, and extended replicative lifespan in a SIR2-dependent manner. Furthermore, Spt4-dependent lifespan restriction is abolished when non-coding RNA transcription is absent at the E-pro locus. The amount of Spt4 increases and its function becomes more important as cells age. These findings highlight Spt4 as a promising aging factor that accelerates cellular senescence through rDNA instability driven by non-coding RNA transcription.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dawid Owsian, Julita Gruchota, Olivier Arnaiz, Jacek K. Nowak
Summary: The study investigates the role of the Spt4-Spt5 complex in non-coding transcription and genome rearrangements using Paramecium tetraurelia as a model organism. The results show that Spt4 is essential for the expression of the germline genome and necessary for developmental genome rearrangements. Silencing of SPT4 genes leads to the absence of double-stranded ncRNAs and reduced levels of scnRNAs. Additionally, a germline-specific Spt4-Spt5m complex is found to be necessary for the transfer of the scnRNA-binding PIWI protein between the germline and somatic nucleus.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhiling Kuang, Jiyuan Ke, Jiong Hong, Zhongliang Zhu, Liwen Niu
Summary: PCI domain proteins play important roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation. In this study, the structure of yeast Thp3-Csn12-Sem1 ternary complex was determined, revealing significant structural differences compared to the Sac3-Thp1-Sem1 complex. This structure provides a foundation for further exploring its specific recruitment to the spliceosome.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Margaret K. Shirra, Rachel A. Kocik, Mitchell A. Ellison, Karen M. Arndt
Summary: Maintenance of chromatin structure during transcription elongation requires cooperation among regulatory factors, with histone post-translational modifications playing a key role. The Paf1 transcription elongation complex, in coordination with Hda1C and the H2B ubiquitylation pathway, helps regulate chromatin structure and support chromatin accessibility during transcription elongation.
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Max A. B. Haase, Guojon Olafsson, Rachel L. Flores, Emmanuel Boakye-Ansah, Alex Zelter, Miles Sasha Dickinson, Luciana Lazar-Stefanita, David M. Truong, Charles L. Asbury, Trisha N. Davis, Jef D. Boeke
Summary: Forcing budding yeast to use human histones to chromatinize their DNA comes with a sudden fitness cost. Previous research suggested chromosomal aneuploidy and missense mutations as two potential adaptation modes to histone humanization. However, we found that aneuploidy in histone-humanized yeasts is specific to certain chromosomes with defined centromeric evolutionary origins, but these aneuploidies are not adaptive. Instead, a set of missense mutations in outer kinetochore proteins are driving the adaptation to human histones.
Article
Cell Biology
Zachary D. Stolp, Madhura Kulkarni, Yining Liu, Chengzhang Zhu, Alizay Jalisi, Si Lin, Arturo Casadevall, Kyle W. Cunningham, Fernando J. Pineda, Xinchen Teng, J. Marie Hardwick
Summary: This study reports a cell death pathway in yeast cells leading to vacuole/lysosome membrane permeabilization. The AP-3 complex plays a key role in promoting cell death, requiring its vesicle trafficking function and a specific kinase. The findings also suggest that this cell death mechanism is conserved in the human pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nagham Ghaddar, Yves Corda, Pierre Luciano, Martina Galli, Ylli Doksani, Vincent Geli
Summary: Homologous recombination factors protect nascent DNA during DNA replication, but the role of chromatin in this process is unclear. By studying the bacterial Tus/Ter barrier in S. cerevisiae, researchers found that the Set1C subunit Spp1 is recruited behind the stalled replication fork independently of its interaction with Set1. Spp1's chromatin recruitment depends on its PHD domain's interaction with H3K4me3 parental histones behind the fork, and it prevents the accumulation of ssDNA at the stalled fork by restricting Exo1 access. Deleting SPP1 increases the mutation rate upstream of the barrier, leading to microdeletion accumulation. Spp1 ultimately limits nascent DNA availability to nucleases by limiting fork remodeling.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Magdalena Boguta
Summary: The control of assembly of yeast RNA polymerases (RNAPs) is not well understood. A recent study suggests that the early-stage assembly of RNAP III complex may occur through a co-translational mechanism, with the involvement of the Rbs1 protein.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Om Prakash Narayan, Nidhi Verma, Abhimanyu Jogawat, Meenakshi Dua, Atul Kumar Johri
Summary: The high-affinity sulfate transporter identified in the endophytic fungus Serendipita indica plays a crucial role in nutrient uptake by host plants, particularly in improving sulfur utilization efficiency.
Article
Biology
Yi Tian Yap, Wei Li, Qian Huang, Qi Zhou, David Zhang, Yi Sheng, Ljljiana Mladenovic-Lucas, Siu-Pok Yee, Kyle E. Orwig, James G. Granneman, David C. Williams Jr, Rex A. Hess, Aminata Toure, Zhibing Zhang
Summary: This study demonstrates that DNALI1 is essential for the construction of the flagellum in elongating spermatids and the integrity of the MEIG1/PACRG complex. DNALI1 deficiency results in decreased sperm count, abnormal morphology, and impaired sperm differentiation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shiori Fujii, Duong Long Duy, Arvin Lapiz Valderrama, Risa Takeuchi, Eri Matsuura, Ayaka Ito, Kaoru Irie, Yasuyuki Suda, Tomoaki Mizuno, Kenji Irie
Summary: This study focused on the role of deadenylases in different growth conditions and found that the Pan2-Pan3 complex, together with the Ccr4-Not complex, plays important roles in cell growth in media containing non-fermentable carbon sources. Further investigation revealed that phosphorylation of Ccr4, Pan2, and Pan3 may regulate their activities in response to changes in carbon sources.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Benjamin J. Reed, Melissa N. Locke, Richard G. Gardner
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2015)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ramon D. Jones, Richard G. Gardner
Review
Cell Biology
Ramon D. Jones, Richard G. Gardner
CURRENT OPINION IN CELL BIOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rebeca Ibarra, Daniella Sandoval, Eric K. Fredrickson, Richard G. Gardner, Gary Kleiger
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2016)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jenna K. Zalewski, Joshua H. Mo, Simone Heber, Annie Heroux, Richard G. Gardner, Jeffrey D. Hildebrand, Andrew P. VanDemark
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2016)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yifat Geffen, Alon Appleboim, Richard G. Gardner, Nir Friedman, Ronen Sadeh, Tommer Ravid
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Michelle L. Oeser, Triana Amen, Cory M. Nadel, Amanda I. Bradley, Benjamin J. Reed, Ramon D. Jones, Janani Gopalan, Daniel Kaganovich, Richard G. Gardner
Article
Biology
Benjamin Groves, Arjun Khakhar, Cory M. Nadel, Richard G. Gardner, Georg Seelig
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Charisma Enam, Yifat Geffen, Tommer Ravid, Richard G. Gardner
ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY, VOL 87
(2018)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jessica K. Cao, Peter J. Detloff, Richard G. Gardner, Nephi Stella
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2018)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Richard G. Gardner, Tommer Ravid
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Cory M. Nadel, Timothy D. Mackie, Richard G. Gardner
Article
Cell Biology
Ramon D. Jones, Charisma Enam, Rebeca Ibarra, Heather R. Borror, Kaitlyn E. Mostoller, Eric K. Fredrickson, JiaBei Lin, Edward Chuang, Zachary March, James Shorter, Tommer Ravid, Gary Kleiger, Richard G. Gardner
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Amanda Bradley, Nicole M. Marsh, Heather R. Borror, Kaitlyn E. Mostoller, Amber Gama, Richard G. Gardner
Summary: Acute ethanol exposure induces sumoylation of specific chromatin structural proteins, dependent on the activity of the E3 SUMO ligase Mms21, in yeast cells. Ethanol exposure also results in the formation of Rad52 foci but does not induce Rad53 phosphorylation.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rebeca Ibarra, Heather R. Borror, Bryce Hart, Richard G. Gardner, Gary Kleiger
Summary: The yeast PQC ubiquitin ligase San1 contains multiple substrate binding sites along its polypeptide chain, showing specificity for unique misfolded proteins and enabling the formation of high affinity ubiquitin ligase-substrate complexes.