Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
William J. Chen, George P. Kung, Jaya P. Gnana-Prakasam
Summary: Iron accumulation with age can lead to cellular aging and systemic disorders. Research has identified its involvement in various diseases and conditions. Therapeutic approaches to reduce iron levels, such as phlebotomy and iron chelation, have become standard care. Iron chelators may play an increasingly important role in promoting health and preventing age-related diseases.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ayauly Duisenbek, Gabriela C. Lopez-Armas, Miguel Perez, Maria D. Aviles Perez, Jose Miguel Aguilar Benitez, Victor Roger Pereira Perez, Juan Gorts Ortega, Arailym Yessenbekova, Nurzhanyat Ablaikhanova, Germaine Escames, Dario Acuna-Castroviejo, Iryna Rusanova
Summary: Metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis, are characterized by elevated oxidative stress and chronic inflammation caused by genetic background and environmental factors. These diseases lead to vascular complications due to increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and prothrombotic events in cells, including endothelial cells. The activation of the NF-kB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome are potential mediators of metabolic inflammation. MicroRNAs play a role in metabolic memory and vessel damage development, particularly in controlling anti-oxidative enzymes and mitochondrial functions related to inflammation. New therapeutic targets are being sought to mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation despite acquired metabolic memory.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Xinxin Chang, Yudan Wang, Bing Zheng, Yi Chen, Jianhua Xie, Yiming Song, Xiaomeng Ding, Xiaoyi Hu, Xiaobo Hu, Qiang Yu
Summary: Neurodegenerative diseases involve the loss of specific neurons, which is often caused by environmental pollutants like acrolein. Acrolein is highly active and contributes to oxidative stress, polyamine metabolism, and neuronal damage, thereby impacting the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marcin Wroblewski, Joanna Wroblewska, Jaroslaw Nuszkiewicz, Marta Pawlowska, Roland Wesolowski, Alina Wozniak
Summary: Impaired levels of trace elements such as selenium, zinc, copper, iron, manganese, and iodine can negatively impact the thyroid endocrine system by affecting oxidative stress and antioxidant defense. There is a limited number of studies that directly correlate trace element supplementation with the prevention or slowing down of thyroid diseases and the improvement of the antioxidant profile. However, some studies have shown that supplementation with zinc and selenium can reduce lipid peroxidation levels and improve antioxidant activity in thyroid diseases like hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis. This systematic review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the relationship between trace elements and thyroid diseases in terms of oxidoreductive homeostasis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Julian Szymanski, Dominik Szwajgier, Ewa Baranowska-Wojcik
Summary: Beets are a rich source of bioactive compounds such as betalain pigments, phenols, and saponins. These compounds exhibit neuroprotective properties due to their antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, and ability to lower the activity of acetylcholinesterase. Betanin, the most common pigment in beetroot, has been shown to have antioxidant activity and can protect neurons against peroxidation. Phenolic compounds in beetroots, including gallic, ferulic, and vanillic acids, also have similar protective effects. The administration of betanin has been found to reverse artificially induced neurodegenerative diseases, while vanillic acid has been shown to improve spatial learning ability. Processed beetroot products like juices and jams can be beneficial in preventing and supporting therapy for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Xiaokang Li, Lin Liu, Tian Li, Manling Liu, Yishi Wang, Heng Ma, Nan Mu, Haiyan Wang
Summary: SIRT6, a NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase, plays diverse roles in aging, metabolism and disease, similar to SIR2. Increasing sirtuin levels through genetic manipulation extends lifespan, but SIRT6 deficiency can lead to chronic inflammation, autophagy disorder, and cardiovascular diseases. Agonists targeting SIRT6 show promise for therapeutic interventions in aging-related CVDs.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stanislav Kotlyarov
Summary: Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for both COPD and ASCVD, and they have common pathogenesis and mutual influence on clinical presentation and prognosis. Smoking-induced systemic inflammation, impaired endothelial function, and oxidative stress play crucial roles in the development and progression of both diseases. Components present in tobacco smoke have adverse effects on various cellular functions, and smoking may also impair the innate immune system and promote oxidative stress in respiratory and vascular systems. This review discusses the importance of smoking in the mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of COPD and ASCVD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xingzhu Liu, Chang Xu, Wanglong Xiao, Nianlong Yan
Summary: The nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 1 (NFE2L1, also known as Nrf1) is a highly conserved transcription factor that plays a crucial role in cellular stress adaptation by responding to oxidative stress and proteotoxic stress. Its functions include inducing antioxidative responses and regulating the ubiquitin-proteasome system and ER-associated degradation. Abnormal stress adaptations of NFE2L1 contribute to the pathophysiological complications of various diseases.
Review
Cell Biology
Anna Maria Fratta Pasini, Chiara Stranieri, Fabiana Busti, Edoardo Giuseppe Di Leo, Domenico Girelli, Luciano Cominacini
Summary: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of disease burden and death globally. Ferroptosis, characterized by altered iron metabolism and increased lipid peroxidation, has been found to play a key role in the pathogenesis of CVDs such as ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathies. This article reviews the molecular mechanism of ferroptosis and its involvement in ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathies, and suggests that understanding the regulation of ferroptosis in vascular and cardiac cells may lead to new strategies for preventing and treating CVDs.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yi-Jen Hsueh, Yen-Ning Chen, Yu-Ting Tsao, Chao-Min Cheng, Wei-Chi Wu, Hung-Chi Chen
Summary: This article summarizes and provides updates on the research and treatment methods of ocular degenerative diseases related to oxidative stress. The article reviews the oxidative damage that occurs in different areas of the eye and introduces the antioxidant mechanisms present in the eye as well as the ocular diseases that occur as a result of antioxidant imbalances and relevant biomarkers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jooyeon Lee, Jimin Jang, Sung-Min Park, Se-Ran Yang
Summary: Nrf2 is a transcriptional activator that protects cells and tissues from oxidative stress by binding to the antioxidant response element. In moderate oxidative stress, Keap1 inhibition allows Nrf2 to act as an antioxidant, but severe oxidative stress can disrupt the Keap1-Nrf2 mechanism and cause cell damage. Studies have shown that Nrf2 activators can alleviate symptoms of respiratory diseases by reversing the expression of Keap1-Nrf2.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Feijie Zhao, Xinxin Ci, Xiaxia Man, Jiajia Li, Zhentong Wei, Songling Zhang
Summary: Oxidative stress is linked to diseases, while Nrf2/ARE pathway plays a crucial role in response to oxidative stress. Regulation of Nrf2/ARE pathway is an effective method for treating oxidative stress-related diseases.
Review
Cell Biology
Reyhane Ebrahimi, Abolfazl Golestani
Summary: ncRNAs play important roles in neural development and neuroinflammation, particularly in various neurodegenerative diseases. The interactions between inflammatory pathways and ncRNAs are the focus of research, offering new insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marina Fuertes-Agudo, Maria Luque-Tevar, Carme Cucarella, Paloma Martin-Sanz, Marta Casado
Summary: Oxidative stress and inflammation are important factors in the development of liver diseases. NRF2 plays a crucial role in protecting against oxidative damage by regulating the expression of cytoprotective genes. COX-2, in addition to its role in inflammation, has a beneficial effect in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in liver diseases, and it works together with NRF2 to provide a hepatoprotective effect.
Review
Biology
Carmine Izzo, Paolo Vitillo, Paola Di Pietro, Valeria Visco, Andrea Strianese, Nicola Virtuoso, Michele Ciccarelli, Gennaro Galasso, Albino Carrizzo, Carmine Vecchione
Summary: Oxidative stress is a key factor in aging and age-related diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases. Aging is a primary risk factor for many diseases, with cardiovascular diseases being a major concern. The focus of research is on the role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular aging and diseases.