Review
Immunology
Mengyuan Kou, Liying Wang
Summary: This review focuses on Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), an important intracellular pattern recognition receptor in the immune system. TLR9 can recognize CpG DNA in endosomes, but it can also be expressed on the membrane surface of certain immune and non-immune cells, where it plays an immunomodulatory role. This review provides a theoretical reference for the application of TLR9 modulators.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Xiu Liu, Huitong Zhou, Hua Gong, Wenting Liu, Qian Fang, Yuzhu Luo, Jiqing Wang, Shaobin Li, Jiang Hu, Jonathan G. H. Hickford
Summary: The study suggests that variation in the ovine TLR9 gene may influence a sheep's response to flystrike, with the presence of the *03 allele being associated with a reduced likelihood of flystrike. This indicates that TLR9 could potentially serve as a genetic marker for enhancing resistance to flystrike in sheep.
Article
Immunology
Wenjun Shao, Yue Huang, Lili Wang, Penghui Li, Yan Jia, Jiewen Zhang
Summary: The study found that Fgl2 can alleviate the symptoms and damage of autoimmune myelitis by reducing TLR9 expression, indicating its potential role in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yu Chen, Hui Chen, Xiao-Chen Li, Wen-Li Mi, Yu-Xia Chu, Yan-Qing Wang, Qi-Liang Mao-Ying
Summary: Toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a critical sensor involved in danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and its role in inflammatory pain is not well understood. This study demonstrates that downregulation of neuronal TLR9 in the spinal cord can prevent CFA-induced persistent hypersensitivity, suggesting it may be a potential treatment target for inflammatory pain.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Stine Sofie Frank Lende, Marie Host Pahus, Ida Monrad, Rikke Olesen, Anna R. Mahr, Line K. Vibholm, Lars Ostergaard, Ole Schmeltz Sogaard, Anna Halling Folkmar Andersen, Paul W. Denton, Martin Tolstrup
Summary: This study investigates the potential of CD169 expression on monocytes as a biomarker for innate immunity activation in cancer and viral infection treatment. Through ex vivo experiments, animal models, and clinical trials, the researchers found that an increase in the percentage of CD169 positive monocytes is a reliable biomarker for immune activation following TLR9 agonist treatment.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natsumi Ogawa, Shingo Nakajima, Kenya Tamada, Natsuki Yokoue, Haruki Tachibana, Miwa Okazawa, Takahiro Oyama, Hideaki Abe, Hiroaki Yamazaki, Atsushi Yoshimori, Akira Sato, Takanori Kamiya, Takehiko Yokomizo, Fumiaki Uchiumi, Takehiko Abe, Sei-ichi Tanuma
Summary: The spasmolytic drug trimebutine has shown potential as an anti-inflammatory agent in experiments, reducing the production of various proinflammatory factors and significantly decreasing mortality in a mouse model of sepsis. Studies have found that trimebutine exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting TLR signaling pathways and NF-kappa B activity.
ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Qin Zeng, Ruiqi Wang, Yuchen Hua, Hongfeng Wu, Xuening Chen, You-cai Xiao, Qiang Ao, Xiangdong Zhu, Xingdong Zhang
Summary: This study demonstrates that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANPs) can enhance the immune response by modulating immune cells' intracellular calcium levels, mitochondrial function, and cytokine secretion in response to Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) activation. HANPs promote the production of immunostimulatory cytokines and reduce the production of immunosuppressive cytokines, and also affect macrophage mitochondrial function. The use of HANPs in combination with TLR9 agonists may have potential applications in vaccine development.
Article
Immunology
Ella A. Zuiderwijk-Sick, Celine van der Putten, Raissa Timmerman, Jennifer Veth, Erica M. Pasini, Linda van Straalen, Paul van der Valk, Sandra Amor, Jeffrey J. Bajramovic
Summary: Exposure to IL-4 induces changes in the cell surface protein expression profile of primary rhesus macaque microglia and enhances their potential to induce proliferation of T cells with a regulatory signature. Additionally, IL-4 exposure broadly impairs TLR-induced cytokine production and inhibits microglial innate immune responses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Walter V. Velasco, Nasim Khosravi, Susana Castro-Pando, Nelly Torres-Garza, Maria T. Grimaldo, Avantika Krishna, Michael J. Clowers, Misha Umer, Sabah Tariq Amir, Diana Del Bosque, Soudabeh Daliri, Maria Miguelina de la Garza, Marco Ramos-Castaneda, Scott E. Evans, Seyed Javad Moghaddam
Summary: By knocking out TLR2, 4, and 9 genes, we found that TLRs play an important role in the promotion of K-ras-driven lung adenocarcinoma by COPD-like airway inflammation caused by prolonged exposure to pathogenic foreign antigens in airway epithelial cells. Knockout of TLR2, 4, or 9 resulted in reduced tumor burden, angiogenesis, and tumor cell proliferation, accompanied by increased tumor cell apoptosis and reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment to an antitumorigenic state. Knocking out downstream signaling pathways, MyD88/NF-kappa B, in airway epithelial cells further confirmed these findings. Our study expands the understanding of TLR signaling in lung cancer and may contribute to the development of more reliable and effective prevention and treatment modalities for lung cancer.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Ferhan Tuncer, Melissa Bulik, John Villandre, Travis Lear, Yanwen Chen, Beyza Tuncer, Daniel J. Kass, Eleanor Valenzi, Christina Morse, John Sembrat, Robert Lafyatis, Bill Chen, John Evankovich
Summary: TLR9 activation inhibits FN-EDA turnover via reduced FN-EDA ubiquitination, resulting in increased FN-EDA accumulation in SSc-ILD fibroblasts.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anette Christ, Pieter G. Goossens, Erwin Wijnands, Han Jin, Bart Legein, Tammy Oth, Aaron Isaacs, Monika Stoll, Joris Vanderlocht, Esther Lutgens, Mat J. A. P. Daemen, Martin Zenke, Erik A. L. Biessen
Summary: Hyperlipidemia significantly affects the activation and immune response of pDCs, particularly in response to pathogen-derived signals.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yujuan Chen, Junhong Lin, Yao Zhao, Xianping Ma, Huashan Yi
Summary: TLR3 is unique among TLR family members in its dependence on TRIF for RNA sensing. However, details of how the TLR3-TRIF signaling pathway functions in antiviral response remain unclear. Better understanding of TLR3 could aid in disease diagnosis and novel treatments for viral diseases.
JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY-SCIENCE B
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Pinku Mani Talukdar, Fazal Abdul, Michael Maes, Michael Berk, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, Bindu M. Kutty, Monojit Debnath
Summary: Prenatal infection-induced maternal immune activation (MIA) may trigger TLR and inflammasome pathways, increasing the risk of schizophrenia-like behaviors in the offspring later in life.
EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Huanghui Wu, Han Bao, Cong Liu, Qiao Zhang, Ailing Huang, Minxue Quan, Chunhui Li, Ying Xiong, Guozhong Chen, Lichao Hou
Summary: This study investigated the role and mechanism of extracellular nucleosomes and histones, as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), in progressive neuroinflammation and chronic stress-related emotional disorders. It found that extracellular nucleosomes accelerate microglial inflammation via Clec2d and TLR9, contributing to chronic stress-induced emotional disorders.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tomohito Ishikawa, Kohtaro Abe, Mariko Takana-Ishikawa, Keimei Yoshida, Takanori Watanabe, Satomi Imakiire, Kazuya Hosokawa, Mayumi Hirano, Katsuya Hirano, Hiroyuki Tsutsui
Summary: This study found that TLR9 is involved in the development of pulmonary hypertension via activation of the NF-kappa B-IL-6 pathway. Inhibition of TLR9 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for pulmonary hypertension.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Milan R. Obradovic, Heather L. Wilson
VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Royford Bundi Magiri, Ken John Lai, George Kiremu Mutwiri, Heather Lynne Wilson
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Dylan J. Chand, Royford B. Magiri, Heather L. Wilson, George K. Mutwiri
Summary: Polyphosphazenes are experimental adjuvants that show versatility as vaccine adjuvants in various animal species and can be delivered via different routes. They can be used in combination with other adjuvants to enhance immune responses, primarily acting by activating innate immunity.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Alyssa Chaffey, Glenn Hamonic, Dylan Chand, George K. Mutwiri, Heather L. Wilson
Summary: The study aimed to investigate whether PCEP, Curdlan, and Leptin could act as adjuvants to promote a Th17-type adaptive immune response in mice. Results showed that mice vaccinated with OVA+PCEP or OVA+Curdlan+Leptin had a higher frequency of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells secreting IL-17. No formulation increased the frequency of CD4+ T cells secreting IL-4 or IFN gamma.
Article
Immunology
P. Choudhary, K. R. Fourie, S. Ng, G. Hamonic, N. Berube, Y. Popowych, H. L. Wilson
Summary: The study evaluated the effects of vaccinating sows with uterine vaccines on protecting suckling piglets from PEDV infection. Results showed that vaccine administration induced specific antibodies but poor cell-mediated immunity, indicating the need for further optimization to enhance passive protection in piglets.
Article
Immunology
Kezia R. Fourie, Pooja Choudhary, Siew Hon Ng, Milan Obradovic, Robert Brownlie, Sanjeev K. Anand, Heather L. Wilson
Summary: Lawsonia intracellularis is an economically important bacterium causing ileitis in pigs. Previous studies have identified potential antigens targeted by antibodies from infected pigs which could be used in vaccines. Experimental trials showed that certain antigens were immunogenic, suggesting their potential use in subunit vaccines.
VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Sankar Renu, Heather L. Wilson, Kaissar Tabynov, Jagadish Hiremath
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Heather L. Wilson, Azita Haddadi, George K. Mutwiri
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Brodie Deluco, Heather L. Wilson
Summary: The small intestine of piglets is permeable immediately after birth to facilitate uptake of colostrum-derived immunoglobulins and other macromolecules. Differences in macromolecular uptake across different regions of the small intestine after 1 hour may be due to prior processing of colostral macromolecules, colonization by microflora, and initiation of gut closure.
VETERINARY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Pooja Choudhary, Amir Khajavinia, Ramin Mohammadi, Siew Hon Ng, Nathalie Berube, Damayanthi Yalamati, Azita Haddadi, Heather L. Wilson
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a single-dose vaccine in protecting livestock animals against infectious disease. The results showed that the vaccine administered 30 days after breeding could generate immune response and antibodies, but did not provide passive protection in suckling offspring.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Juan Parra-Aguirre, Roman Nosach, Champika Fernando, Janet E. Hill, Heather L. Wilson, John C. S. Harding
Summary: This study evaluates two natural transmission models for swine dysentery in grower pigs. The results show that the natural transmission of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae G44 is more consistent compared to Brachyspira hampsonii 30446 model. Further research is needed to understand the failure of B. hampsonii intragastric inoculation.
Article
Immunology
Pooja Choudhary, Bright Boamah, Siew Hon Ng, Aaron White, Lynn P. Weber, Heather L. Wilson
Summary: The researchers developed a method of implanting solid fatty acids to encapsulate a liquid vaccine, providing sustained release and long-lasting protection in animals. The study found that this method induced sustained high levels of antibodies and immune factors, and was more effective than traditional liquid vaccine injections. These findings suggest that implantable vaccines may be a promising new immunization method for livestock.
Article
Immunology
Debora Zini Baldasso, Joao Antonio Guizzo, Claudia Cerutti Dazzi, Gabriela Carolina Paraboni Frandoloso, Cesar Feronato, Stephan von Berg, Roberto Mauricio Carvalho Guedes, Heather Lynne Wilson, Luiz Carlos Kreutz, Rafael Frandoloso
Summary: L. intracellularis is the causative agent of porcine proliferative enteropathy. A new immunological method called FCAT was developed for the detection of porcine anti-L. intracellularis IgGs, which showed high sensitivity and specificity. The study also confirmed the high prevalence of L. intracellularis in Brazilian pig farms.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Zahed Khatooni, Navid Teymourian, Heather L. Wilson
Summary: This study introduces a novel strategy for epitope prediction using molecular dynamics simulation, homology modeling, and docking simulations. By selecting diverse SLA-1 alleles, the study successfully identifies virus epitopes that bind with high affinity to these alleles.
Article
Physiology
Brodie Deluco, Kezia R. Fourie, Olena M. Simko, Heather L. Wilson
Summary: Piglets must acquire passive immunity through colostrum within hours after birth to survive, and the mechanism of how colostral macromolecules traverse the small intestinal epithelium involves nonselective pinocytosis and paracellular transport. Claudin proteins-3 and -4 play a crucial role in regulating ion and macromolecule movement across the intestinal epithelium by contributing to the epithelial tight junctions.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2021)