Article
Engineering, Chemical
O. Guven, B. Kaymakoglu, A. Ehsani, A. Hassanzadeh, O. Sivrikaya
Summary: The impact of particle shape and surface properties on mineral systems has been overlooked in previous literature. This study investigated the effects of morphological variations on flotation kinetics using coal particles. The results showed that increased milling time resulted in increased roundness and roughness of the particles, leading to higher flotation rates. The findings were further supported by theoretical calculations of energy barriers.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Caie Zhang, Shuaishuai Lu
Summary: In this study, experiments were conducted to investigate the classification performance of coal slime. It was found that the misplacement of fine particles in the underflow was mainly caused by the presence of fine gangue components. Increasing the feed concentration appropriately can reduce the adverse effect of particle density on classification. This work provides insights into the migration mechanism of multi-component particles during the classification of coal slime.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tianshen Lu, Zhengbin Deng, Yun Tang, Haiwen Tang
Summary: This paper studied the influence of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) in coal slime flotation and revealed the interaction between SHMP and coal slime flotation particles through various tests and analysis. Experimental results showed that the dosage of 1500 g/t of SHMP increased the recovery rate of clean coal combustibles by 9.61%. SHMP reduced the hydrophobicity of clay minerals in coal slime flotation and enhanced the dispersibility of coal slime particles.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROBLEMS OF MINERAL PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hainan Wang, Hongzheng Zhu, Jinbo Zhu, Wenyu Xu, Mengshan Li, Zhikui Fei
Summary: The study evaluated the separation of coal in the presence of quartz and clay minerals, analyzing energy barriers between coal and quartz, kaolinite, and montmorillonite. SEM technique revealed montmorillonite coating on coal surface due to impeller rotation breaking energy barrier. Coal cumulative yield significantly decreased in the presence of quartz, kaolinite, and montmorillonite.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL PREPARATION AND UTILIZATION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wencheng Xia, Yijiang Li, Feng Wu, Chenkai Niu
Summary: The flotation process of fine non-coking coal from kaolinite was improved by the addition of anionic polyacrylamide, which interacted with kaolinite and coal particles through hydrogen bonding. Anionic polyacrylamide selectively flocculated kaolinite particles, reducing kaolinite pollution in the froth and decreasing the amount of kaolinite particles coating the clean coal surface. Ultimately, the flotation selectivity was enhanced by anionic polyacrylamide pre-conditioning.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yusheng Wang, Weiguang Zhou, Yijiang Li, Long Liang, Guangyuan Xie, Yaoli Peng
Summary: This study systematically investigated the role of PVP in coal flotation, showing that PVP preferentially adsorbed on quartz and kaolinite surfaces rather than coal. The selective flocculation of quartz and kaolinite by PVP promoted the selectivity of flotation.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhong-Hua Xue, Lian-Ping Dong, Hai-peng Li, Min-Qiang Fan, Zhen-Yang Ren, An Liu, Pan-Pan Fan, Wei-Ren Bao
Summary: This study investigates the impact of collector and frother dosages on the separation of carbon and ash in coal gasification fine slag (CGFS) using different ratios of kerosene and compound collectors. The study examines the physical properties and interaction mechanisms to understand the basis and cause of flotation-based separation. The research results provide insights into the mechanism and improve the flotation separation effect of residual carbon and ash in CGFS.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ge Zhang, Huifen Yang, Meiling Jiang, Qingping Zhang
Summary: In this study, activated carbon (AC) was successfully prepared by flotation deashing combined with ZnCl2 activation using coal slime (CS) as the raw material. The results showed that flotation effectively reduced the ash content and increased the micropore amount of CS, leading to enhanced adsorption of methylene blue (MB) and iodine onto the prepared AC. The optimal preparation conditions were determined through single factor experiments and response surface methodology, resulting in a high-quality deashing coal slime activated carbon (DCSAC(op)) with excellent adsorption performance. This approach provides a promising and effective material for AC preparation.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Han Guo, Lulu Huang, Xinyu Liu, Lei Wang, Yangchao Xia, Yijun Cao, Xiahui Gui, Yaowen Xing
Summary: The effect of mass proportions of fine slime on the flotation performance of coal was investigated in this study. It was found that the presence of fine slime had a negative effect on flotation, resulting in lower yield and kinetics, as well as increased ash content. This was mainly attributed to slime coating and water entrainment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL PREPARATION AND UTILIZATION
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yujie Mei, Qiuyu Lin, Daofan Cao, Junguo Li, Ke Liu
Summary: This paper investigates the influence of high-shear pretreatment and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the flotation performance of ultrafine coal slime (UCS). The results show that with the assistance of HSP and PVP, the flotation concentrate has less gangue entrainment, high combustible recovery, and low ash content.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL PREPARATION AND UTILIZATION
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhe Yang, Yinfei Liao, Hourui Ren, Xiaodong Hao, Xingwei Song, Zechen Liu
Summary: This paper introduces a comprehensive utilization scheme for waste motor oil and low-rank coal slime through froth flotation, aiming to improve the utilization rate of low-rank coal slime and produce high-quality coal products while avoiding secondary pollution from traditional waste motor oil disposal methods.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Liang Shen, Erle Qiao, Lingyun Liu, Changguo Xue, Binghe Liu, Fanfei Min
Summary: This paper proposes a promising method for the utilization of coal slime resources and demonstrates through experiments that this method can efficiently extract and utilize valuable components from coal slime, which has important practical application value.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROBLEMS OF MINERAL PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hui Li, Fanfei Min, Chunfu Liu, Yali Cheng, Jun Chen
Summary: In this study, a two-stage direct flotation method with the BS collector and dodecane reagent system was used to conduct a three-product slime flotation experiment, aiming to maximize flotation efficiency, reduce flotation tailings, and increase ash content. Modern analytical methods, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were employed to analyze the surface characteristics of the samples and their interaction with collectors. The results showed that the secondary flotation tail coal had significantly higher ash content compared to the primary one with increasing reagent dose. The surface hydration membrane and BS collector formed a hydrogen bond through the -OH functional group, leading to increased hydrophobicity and flotation effectiveness.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL PREPARATION AND UTILIZATION
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Yusai Wang, Ying Zhou, Qi He, Yaowen Xing, Xicheng Bao, Xiahui Gui, Lei Wang
Summary: In this study, the depression effect of SPP on high-ash fine mud was investigated through flotation kinetic tests. SEM, EDS, and AFM analyses revealed the mechanism of SPP depression and its enhancement of flotation selectivity for difficult-to-separate and high-ash coals. Under the optimal SPP dosage, clean coal with reduced ash content and nearly unchanged yield were obtained, demonstrating the effectiveness of SPP as a depressant in improving flotation efficiency for challenging coal types.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Na Zhang, Xumeng Chen
Summary: This study investigates the effects of kaolinite and quartz on the stability of coal froths. The results show that kaolinite can increase the stability of coal froth, while quartz does not have a significant effect. The addition of kaolinite strengthens the structural strength of coal froth and generates network structures, leading to increased stability.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ngoc N. Nguyen, Vinh T. La, Chinh D. Huynh, Anh Nguyen
Summary: Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is crucial for reducing CO2 emissions and achieving climate change targets. Hydrate-based carbon capture (HBCC) is a promising and potentially competitive method, but slow kinetics and limited industrial experience present challenges for deployment.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Cuong Nguyen, Mengsu Peng, Timothy T. Duignan, Anh Nguyen
Summary: The impact of salt ions on the adsorption of surfactants at the air-water interface was investigated. It was found that the size and charge of the ions play a critical role in the adsorption process.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Pradip Singha, Nhat-Khuong Nguyen, Van Thuong Nguyen, Kamalalayam Rajan Sreejith, Du Tuan Tran, Anh Nguyen, Nam-Trung Nguyen, Chin Hong Ooi
Summary: This study utilized X-ray computerized microtomography to measure the shell thickness and effective surface tension of liquid marbles. Results showed that the preparation methods and volume of liquid marbles significantly affect the shell thickness and effective surface tension. Increasing revolution speed during liquid marble preparation results in thicker shell, while larger liquid marble volumes lead to decreased effective surface tension.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jiyue Sun, Rui Sun, I. Ming Chou, Anh Nguyen, Lei Jiang
Summary: Understanding the phase equilibrium of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) hydrates is important for the production and transportation of sour gas. This study measured the dissociation conditions of H2S hydrates in various electrolyte solutions and found that different electrolytes had different inhibitory effects on the formation of H2S hydrates. A thermodynamic model was also developed to predict the dissociation conditions of H2S hydrates in electrolyte solutions, and it was shown to accurately predict the dissociation conditions in aqueous NaCl, KCl, Na2SO4, and K2SO4 solutions.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Md. Tariqul Islam, Anh V. Nguyen, Asif Afzal
Summary: This study investigated the rise behavior of bubbles in shear-thinning liquid using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling. The results showed that the concentration of xanthan gum and the liquid flow index had a significant impact on the dynamics of bubble rise. The Carreau-Yasuda model was found to provide more accurate predictions compared to the rheological power-law model.
JOURNAL OF THE TAIWAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Emrah Durgut, Mustafa Cinar, Orhan Ozdemir
Summary: The effects of calcite and mica contents on ceramic bodies of nepheline syenite samples were investigated. The decrease in calcite and mica contents positively affected the surface quality of sintered specimens. Water absorption values were directly proportional to the roughness values for unglazed surfaces.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROBLEMS OF MINERAL PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ngoc N. Nguyen, Cuong Nguyen, Tuan A. H. Nguyen, Anh Nguyen
Summary: This paper provides a comprehensive insight into the surface science related to hydrate-based sustainable technologies. It presents molecular views of hydrate surfaces, focusing on interfacial premelting. The paper also discusses the applications of these fundamental advances in areas such as greener flow assurance, energy-efficient gas storage, carbon capture and storage, and methane recovery from natural hydrates.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kangkang Sun, Cuong V. Nguyen, Ngoc N. Nguyen, Xiaozhen Ma, Anh V. Nguyen
Summary: Flotation of water-soluble KCl and NaCl minerals in brines is significant for K-fertilizer production, but its mechanism remains controversial. This study investigates the interaction between dissolved salt ions and collector colloids, as well as the changes in interfacial properties, to gain a molecular understanding of salt flotation. The findings suggest that ion specificity plays a crucial role in salt crystal flotation via collector colloid-crystal attraction.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Khandjamts Batjargal, Onur Guven, Orhan Ozdemir, Stoyan I. I. Karakashev, Nikolay A. A. Grozev, Feridun Boylu, Mehmet Sabri Celik
Summary: In recent years, studies have focused on determining the optimal conditions for flotation of fine minerals. Factors such as particle size, morphology, pH, and frother type and concentration play crucial roles in optimizing flotation conditions. This study investigated the foamability and froth decay rate of six frothers, as well as the effects of collectors and frother mixtures on bubble size. The results showed that PPG600 and PPG400 frothers resulted in finer bubble size even at low concentrations, and the addition of collectors further reduced bubble size regardless of frother concentration.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Thao T. P. Nguyen, Foad Raji, Cuong V. Nguyen, Ngoc N. Nguyen, Anh V. Nguyen
Summary: Surfactants play a crucial role in controlling the macroscopic properties of the air-water interface. This study investigates the connection between the molecular structure of two ionic surfactants (DTAB and SDS) and their effects on the interfacial water molecules. The findings reveal that the different interactions and reorientations of water molecules result in variations in interfacial layer thickness, surface tension, and foam stability.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Tariqul Islam, Anh Nguyen
Summary: Fluidization is effective in improving the separation of coarse particles. In this study, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is used to investigate the complex behavior of irregular coarse particle fluidization in a fluidized bed flotation cell. A modified drag model considering the particle shape factor is employed to account for the irregularity of the particles. Comparison between simulated and experimental data shows that the irregular particle drag model has a relative error of 3.9%, which is significantly better than the spherical particle drag model. The CFD model further reveals the effects of particle density and fluidization liquid velocity on bed expansion height. The fluidization behaviors of the particles in different zones of the fluidized bed flotation cell are analyzed, providing valuable insights for the flotation of coarse particles in fluidized beds.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Can Gungoren, Saleban Mohamed Muse, Mert Terzi, Mehmet Faruk Eskibalci, Ilgin Kursun Unver, Orhan Ozdemir
Summary: The study aims to reveal the synergistic effect of commonly found ions in the flotation of Pb-Zn sulfide ores. The results show that ion concentration can affect surface tension, bubble size and foam stability.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Stoyan I. Karakashev, Nikolay A. Grozev, Kristina Mircheva, Seher Ata, Ghislain Bournival, Svetlana Hristova, Orhan Ozdemir
Summary: This paper analyzes the obstacles inhibiting the flotation of fine particles and proposes solutions for the wetting zone between bubbles and particles during collision. It is found that the efficiency, rather than frequency, of collisions is the main problem in fine particle flotation. Additionally, there is a thermodynamic lower size limit for flotation of hydrophobized particles, which is weakly dependent on bubble size. Electrostatic attraction, increased hydrophobicity, and the presence of fine bubbles are crucial for achieving fast flotation and high recovery of fine particles. Different collectors, such as hexylamine and hexamethyldisilazane, are shown to enhance the hydrophobicity and recovery of silica particles, with varying selectivity. A new collector, disodium dodecyl phosphate, significantly increases the hydrophobicity and recovery of magnesite particles, both alone and in mixture with silica particles.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Khandjamts Batjargal, Onur Guven, Orhan Ozdemir, Feridun Boylu, Yusuf Enes Pural, Mehmet Sabri Celik
Summary: Recent studies in the flotation of fine particles have explored new techniques and analyses for developing various strategies. This study investigated the contribution of different commercial polypropylene glycol frothers in the presence of dodecylammonium hydrochloride to the flotation recoveries and bubble-particle attachment time values of fine quartz minerals. The findings provided a consistent base for further fundamental studies on the application of the synergistic effect of frothers and collectors in the flotation of fine particles.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Foad Raji, Cuong V. Nguyen, Anh V. Nguyen
Summary: A new model was proposed in this study to accurately describe the adsorption of heavy metal ions on quartz surfaces and explain the surface charge reversal phenomenon. The model combines the electrical double layer theory and surface complexation and precipitation theory, and can predict the surface potential and charge reversal under different conditions. By studying the Pb(II)-quartz system, it was found that Pb(II) hydroxocomplexes played a key role in the appearance of the second surface charge reversal.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Benjamin De Castro, Mostafa Benzaazoua, Soumali Roychowdhury, Aurelie Chopard, Francis Quintal Lauzon, Benoit Plante
Summary: This study proposes an innovative method using deep learning algorithm and reflected light optical imaging to automatically detect all particles and minerals in acrylic resin polished sections. The experimental results show that this method can accurately detect all mineral particles, including transparent minerals, under reflected light optical microscopy, and provide unbiased mineralogical quantification.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Qiushi Song, Xinyu Du, Changlu Shan, Hongwei Xie, Zhiqiang Ning, Kai Yu
Summary: This study investigated the effect of magnetic stirring on the microstructure of Co deposits during electrowinning in a chloride solution. It was found that magnetic stirring effectively reduced the negative influence of H2 bubbles on the structure of Co deposits and changed their nucleation and growth behavior, resulting in the preparation of high-quality columnar Co crystals.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Tao Ge, Xiaowei Zhou, Liang Xu, Yan Sun, Cheng Yang, Yongpan Tian, Zhuo Zhao
Summary: In this study, the extraction performance and complexation mechanism of p-di-ethyl-amino-methylthiacalix[4]arene (L) towards Pt(IV) were investigated. The results indicated that L had excellent complexation ability towards Pt(IV) and could selectively extract it from a solution containing multiple competing ions.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yuan Li, Dirk van Zyl
Summary: This paper presents a modified Kynch's approach to explain the hindered settling behavior of suspensions impacted by segregation. The experimental data and predicted results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yi Fang, Aurora Robledo-Cabrera, Changsheng Peng, Shan Huang, Qi Xiao, Alejandro Lopez-Valdivieso
Summary: With the assistance of mechanical ball milling, the partially oxidized micro-sponge iron (micro-Fe0@Fe2O3) achieves significantly improved removal of Cr(VI) across a broad pH range. Mechanical force eliminates the surface oxide layer and exposes the Fe0 core, leading to sustained reduction of Cr(VI). The efficiency of micro-Fe0@Fe2O3 is strongly influenced by dissolved oxygen, with higher DO resulting in the generation of stable reductant Fe(II) under acidic conditions, while DO consumption hinders the reduction of Cr(VI) under alkaline conditions due to increased pH. Parameters of ball milling operation, especially rotation speed, have a significant impact on the removal of Cr(VI).
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Alton F. Grabsch, Phillip D. Fawell, Michael G. Davies
Summary: High molecular weight partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide (PHPA) is commonly used in mineral exploration drilling to increase fluid viscosity and help maintain the suspension of fine particles. However, clarifying these suspensions can be difficult, and previous studies have found that anionic flocculants are ineffective. This study confirmed that nonionic flocculants can successfully aggregate the particles, indicating that the charged tails of adsorbed PHPA prevent anionic flocculants from accessing the particle surfaces.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
J. S. Guiral-Vega, L. Perez-Barnuevo, J. Bouchard, A. Ure, E. Poulin, C. Du Breuil
Summary: This paper introduces an approach that combines particle properties and process modeling to describe the behavior of iron ore in a laboratory-scale drum-type magnetic separator. Early information on iron ore processing behavior can be obtained through laboratory testing, automated mineralogy analysis, and process modeling.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Sayed Janishar Anzoom, Ghislain Bournival, Seher Ata
Summary: This review discusses the benefits and challenges of coarse particle flotation, as well as recent developments in improving the process. Coarse particle flotation has various applications and offers advantages in technical, economic, and sustainability aspects. However, it also faces challenges such as particle detachment, transfer between phases, and persistence in the froth phase. Technological advancements, such as fluidized-bed flotation and processes enhancing bubble-particle attachment, have shown promising results in efficiently recovering larger particles.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yimei Xiao, Jinchan Feng, Bingqiao Yang, Huihua Luo, Fang Zhou
Summary: In this study, the use of fulvic acid as a depressant for the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from arsenopyrite was investigated. It was found that fulvic acid strongly depressed arsenopyrite while having little influence on chalcopyrite flotation. The addition of calcium hypochlorite facilitated the adsorption of fulvic acid on arsenopyrite surface.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Bo Hao, Minqiang Fan
Summary: Particle-bubble attachment is crucial in coal and mineral flotation processes. In this study, the attachment process of low-rank coal particles to the bubble surface was simulated, revealing the important role of water film rupture in particle attachment.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shuwei Wu, Shuai Wang, Guoqiang Wang, Longfei Fan, Jianbo Guo, Zhengbin Liu, Haoyan Zhang, Wei Guan, Yukuan Wang, Yewei Wu
Summary: This study analyzes the motion mode of eccentric roller crushers and proposes a calculation method for productivity. Through laboratory experiments, the results indicate that the proposed method can effectively estimate the productivity of eccentric roll crushers.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hanna Miettinen, Malin Bomberg, Ozlem Bicak, Zafir Ekmekci, Paivi Kinnunen
Summary: Mineral processing requires large amounts of water, and reducing water consumption through recirculation and closing water loops is important. However, this can lead to the accumulation of contaminants in the process water, which can negatively affect the process performance. In this study, the impact of microorganisms on flotation performance was investigated, and ion exchange was evaluated for removing dissolved sulfur species and microorganisms from water. The results showed that adding microorganisms had a positive effect on flotation selectivity, especially for nickel. Different water types, process water and final tailings water, behaved slightly differently. Ion exchange proved to be effective in removing sulfur species and microorganisms, and dissolved air flotation was a successful pretreatment for ion exchange in removing microorganisms.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Canneng Chen, Song Zhang, Quanjun Liu, Luzheng Chen, Yongjun Xian, Yijie Wang
Summary: This study introduces the use of ultrasonic pretreatment to enhance the flotation separation of elemental sulfur and silver-bearing lead minerals from ultrafine residue. The results show that ultrasonic pretreatment effectively liberates associated sulfur and improves the separation of sulfur and silver-bearing lead minerals. Under optimized conditions, ultrasonic pretreatment significantly improves the recovery and grade of sulfur in the concentrate, as well as the recovery of lead and silver in the tailings.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Genzhuang Li, Fisher Wang, Bern Klein, Michael Deal, Aaron Wright, Hector Mezquita
Summary: This paper presents a stress-based approach for predicting and improving large-scale HIG mill performance through experimental testing and model calibration.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Runpeng Liao, Shuming Wen, Jian Liu, Shaojun Bai, Qicheng Feng
Summary: This study demonstrates that the use of a DDA/DDTC mixed collector system can significantly improve the flotation performance of smithsonite. The synergistic effect between DDA and DDTC is confirmed, and the mixed collector system contributes to a decrease in solution surface tension. The use of FT-IR and XPS confirms the simultaneous physisorption and chemisorption of DDA and DDTC on the smithsonite surface, and contact angle measurements show that the mixed collector effectively enhances the hydrophobicity of smithsonite. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the multilayer adsorption of DDTC and DDA on the smithsonite surface, with DDTC promoting the adsorption of DDA.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2024)
