Article
Sport Sciences
Brittany N. Bozzini, Vy T. Nguyen, Marinaliz C. Reynoso, Katelyn I. Guerriere, Leila A. Walker, Kathryn M. Taylor, Stephen A. Foulis, Mary L. Bouxsein, Julie M. Hughes, Kristin L. Popp
Summary: The study finds that most female trainees experience menstrual changes during U.S. Army Basic Combat Training (BCT). However, menstrual cycle interruptions do not appear to be related to changes in body mass or fat.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Joseph A. Alemany, Joseph R. Pierce, Daniel B. Bornstein, Tyson L. Grier, Bruce H. Jones, Saundra H. Glover
Summary: This study aimed to comprehensively assess physical activity during U.S. Army Basic Combat Training using pedometers, accelerometers, and direct observation. The results showed that trainees achieved a high daily step count and spent a significant amount of time carrying heavy loads. These findings highlight the physical demands and potential injury risks associated with Basic Combat Training.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Penelope Larsen, Jace R. Drain, Neil Gibson, John Sampson, Scott Michael, Gregory Peoples, Herbert Groeller
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the chronicity and phasic variability of sleep patterns and restriction in recruits during basic military training (BMT) and subjective sleep quality in young adult recruits prior to entry into BMT. The study found that sleep duration was suboptimal throughout BMT, with many recruits experiencing sleep restriction for consecutive weeks. Certain training phases had a negative impact on sleep quality. Additionally, the sleep patterns of recruits were highly variable before entering BMT.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN SPORT
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Bradley M. Ritland, Julie M. Hughes, Kathryn M. Taylor, Katelyn Guerriere, Susan P. Proctor, Stephen A. Foulis, Kristin J. Heaton
Summary: The study found that Army BCT trainees had good sleep health characteristics upon entry, meeting recommended sleep durations and reporting good sleep quality. However, negative changes in sleep duration and quality were observed during basic combat training.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Carl D. Smith, Ian A. Gutierrez, Thomas H. Nassif, Kimberley L. Jordan, Kathryn M. Taylor, Amishi P. Jha, Amy B. Adler
Summary: The present study found that mindfulness training (MT) and yoga had a positive impact on the health of Army trainees, reducing the impact of pain on training, sleep, mood, and stress. Although there was no significant difference in injury-related medical encounters, intervention trainees had fewer diagnoses and were 30% less likely to seek medical treatment during training.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Thibault Lovey, Paul O'Keeffe, Ianis Petignat
Summary: This study compared the outcomes and effectiveness of the University of Geneva InZone-Raft Basic Medical Training Course in the Kakuma refugee camp in Kenya with a previous incarnation of the same course in the Dadaab refugee camp in Kenya. The research found that the Kakuma course yielded better outcomes and was more effective in terms of learning than the Dadaab course.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lihong Chen, Zhuo Zhao, Zhen Wang, Ying Zhou, Xin Zhou, Hui Pan, Fengtao Shen, Suhua Zeng, Xinhua Shao, Elena Frank, Srijan Sen, Weidong Li, Margit Burmeister
Summary: The increase of depression among first year residents in China is similar to that in the United States. While there are different predictors of depression in the two systems, long duty hours and reduced sleep duration are common factors.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carmel Kalla, Tanya Goltser-Dubner, Dalya Pevzner, Laura Canetti, Aron Mirman, Ariel Ben-Yehuda, Noa Itzhar, Fortu Benarroch, Amit Shalev, Ruth Giesser, Eyal Fruchter, Inon Vashdi, Osnat Oz, Roni Haber, Chen Saloner, Amit Lotan, Esti Galili-Weisstub, Omer Bonne, Ronen Segman
Summary: The study found that healthy high-functioning adolescents exposed to mild childhood adversity exhibited reduced gene expression levels during rest, leading to decreased cortisol reactivity to stress. Long-term effects included changes in endocrine immune indices, subjective distress, and executive functions.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Stephanie DeFlorio-Barker, Andrey Egorov, Genee S. Smith, Mark S. Murphy, Jason E. Stout, Andrew J. Ghio, Edward E. Hudgens, Kyle P. Messier, Jean-Marie Maillard, Elizabeth D. Hilborn
Summary: The study found that proximity to certain soil types (hydric and acidic) may be a risk factor for the increasing prevalence of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease in central North Carolina.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Biology
Kevin L. L. Withrow, Daniela A. A. Rubin, J. Jay Dawes, Robin M. M. Orr, Scott K. K. Lynn, Robert G. G. Lockie
Summary: This study examined the relationship between the Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) and a 6.44-km tactical foot march (TFM) in ROTC cadets. The results showed that ACFT total score, leg tuck, 2-mile run, and sprint-drag-carry were associated with TFM performance. Aerobic and anaerobic capacity, as well as upper body/trunk strength, were identified as important fitness components for cadet TFM performance.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Mia S. Vedtofte, Andreas F. Elrond, Annette Erlangsen, Anni B. S. Nielsen, Christian D. G. Stoltenberg, Jacob L. Marott, Lars R. Nissen, Trine Madsen
Summary: This study found that self-reported combat exposure was associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts among military personnel, which was fully mediated by post-deployment symptoms of PTSD and/or depression. However, there was no association found between witnessing the consequences of war and the risk of post-deployment suicide attempts.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Management
Sebastian Kraul, Jens O. Brunner
Summary: For educational purposes, medical residents often have to pass through many departments, which place different requirements on them. The impact of priorities on residents' annual planning based on department assignments is analyzed to combat uncertainty that might result in departmental changes. A novel two-stage formulation is presented that combines residents' tactical planning with duty and daily scheduling. Additional priorities can significantly reduce the number of unexpected department assignments in residents' annual planning.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Sergey G. Shcherbak, Anna Yu Anisenkova, Sergei V. Mosenko, Oleg S. Glotov, Alexander N. Chernov, Svetlana V. Apalko, Stanislav P. Urazov, Evgeny Y. Garbuzov, Dmitry N. Khobotnikov, Olga A. Klitsenko, Evdokia M. Minina, Zakhar P. Asaulenko
Summary: This study identified prognostic biomarkers for cytokine storm development in COVID-19 patients and developed a useful prognostic scale for identifying high-risk patients requiring early anti-inflammatory therapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jesse T. Jacob, Julia M. Baker, Scott K. Fridkin, Benjamin A. Lopman, James P. Steinberg, Robert H. Christenson, Brent King, Surbhi Leekha, Lyndsay M. O'Hara, Peter Rock, Gregory M. Schrank, Mary K. Hayden, Bala Hota, Michael Y. Lin, Brian D. Stein, Patrizio Caturegli, Aaron M. Milstone, Clare Rock, Annie Voskertchian, Sujan C. Reddy, Anthony D. Harris
Summary: The study found that healthcare personnel in three states in the USA were primarily influenced by community contact when it came to contracting the coronavirus, with workplace-related factors not showing a significant association. This indicates that current infection prevention practices in diverse healthcare settings are effective in preventing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from patients to healthcare personnel.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Boonsub Sakboonyarat, Ram Rangsin, Murray A. Mittleman
Summary: This study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome among Royal Thai Army personnel. The results showed that metabolic syndrome is a common health issue, particularly among those over 35 years of age. Male sex, age over 35, current alcohol consumption, and lack of exercise were identified as significant risk factors for metabolic syndrome.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Christopher A. J. Vine, Sarah L. Coakley, Sam D. Blacker, Julianne Doherty, Beverley J. Hale, Ella F. Walker, Carla A. Rue, Ben J. Lee, Tessa R. Flood, Joseph J. Knapik, Sarah Jackson, Julie P. Greeves, Stephen D. Myers
Summary: The aim of this study was to quantify the accuracy of 5 equations in predicting the metabolic cost of load carriage. The results showed that all equations, except one, underestimated the metabolic cost. Therefore, caution should be applied when using these predictive equations to model military load carriage tasks.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Joseph J. Knapik, Emily K. Farina, Victor L. Fulgoni, Harris R. Lieberman
Summary: The overall incidence of clinically diagnosed iron and iodine deficiency among US military service members was low, but increased over the 19 years examined. Women and certain demographic groups were at significantly greater risk for these deficiencies. Increased surveillance may be appropriate given the unexpected increases in incidence of these mineral disorders.
PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Robin Orr, Rodney Pope, Thiago Jambo Alves Lopes, Dieter Leyk, Sam Blacker, Beatriz Sanz Bustillo-Aguirre, Joseph J. Knapik
Summary: Soldiers are often required to carry heavy loads, leading to various injuries such as musculoskeletal and neurological injuries. After initial treatment for injuries, soldiers need to be progressively reconditioned for load carriage to increase adaptability. Load carriage intensity can be manipulated through factors like speed, march route, and terrain.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Emily K. Farina, Lauren A. Thompson, Joseph J. Knapik, Stefan M. Pasiakos, James P. McClung, Harris R. Lieberman
Summary: This study found that anthropometrics and body composition are predictors of physical performance and success in special forces selection.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Joseph J. Knapik, Daniel W. Trone, Ryan A. Steelman, Emily K. Farina, Harris R. Lieberman
Summary: This study investigates the prevalence and factors associated with adverse effects of dietary supplements among US military service members. The findings reveal that combination products and purported prohormone supplements are more likely to cause adverse effects in military personnel.
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Joseph J. J. Knapik, Daniel W. W. Trone, Ryan A. A. Steelman, Emily K. K. Farina, Harris R. R. Lieberman
Summary: This study investigates adverse effects associated with specific dietary supplements and finds that weight loss, use before/after workout, and prohormone supplements have a higher prevalence of adverse reactions.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Joseph J. Knapik, Ryan A. Steelman, Daniel W. Trone, Emily K. Farina, Harris R. Lieberman
Summary: This cross-sectional study found that 87% of active duty military service members reported consuming caffeinated products >= 1 time/week, with an average daily caffeine consumption of 218mg for men and 167mg for women. Factors independently associated with caffeine use included female gender, older age, white race/ethnicity, higher body mass index, tobacco use or former use, greater alcohol intake, and higher enlisted or officer rank.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Joseph J. Knapik, Daniel W. Trone, Ryan A. Steelman, Emily K. Farina, Harris R. Lieberman
Summary: This study is the first to document a high prevalence of dual use of prescription medications (PMs) and dietary supplements (DSs) in military service members (SMs), especially among those with clinically diagnosed medical conditions (CDMCs).
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Joseph J. Knapik, Daniel W. Trone, Ryan A. Steelman, Emily K. Farina, Harris R. Lieberman
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with prescription medication use among US service members. It found high prevalence of prescription medication use, especially non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but lower use of cardiovascular drugs compared to the general US population, likely due to the younger age and higher level of physical activity of service members.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Colleen Barkley, William K. Wong, Joseph J. Knapik, Richard B. Westrick
Summary: A study found that detecting hip joint effusion and posterior hip joint capsule distension can predict Grade 4 femoral neck stress injury using MRI. This finding is significant for military medical providers as early detection and accurate diagnosis of this injury can protect soldiers from potentially career-ending fractures.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Joseph J. Knapik, John A. Caldwell, Ryan A. Steelman, Daniel W. Trone, Emily K. Farina, Harris R. Lieberman
Summary: This cross-sectional study examined the association between self-reported sleep duration and clinically-diagnosed medical conditions among US military service members. Shorter sleep duration was found to be associated with a higher risk of various medical conditions, and sleep duration of 6 hours or less was also related to demographic and lifestyle factors.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Joseph J. Knapik, Daniel W. Trone, Ryan A. Steelman, Emily K. Farina, Harris R. Lieberman
Summary: This study examined associations between multiple dietary supplement categories and medical conditions diagnosed by health professionals. The results showed that users of individual vitamins/minerals, herbal supplements, any dietary supplements, and multivitamins/multiminerals had higher risk for most medical conditions. Protein/amino acid users had lower risk for some medical conditions. Combination product users had mixed results.
PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jesse A. Stein, Emily K. Farina, J. Philip Karl, Lauren A. Thompson, Joseph J. Knapik, Stefan M. Pasiakos, James P. McClung, Harris R. Lieberman
Summary: This study evaluated the metabolomic profiles of Soldiers entering the U.S. Special Forces Assessment and Selection course (SFAS). The results showed differences in blood metabolites between selected and non-selected Soldiers during SFAS, which may be related to oxidative stress, physical performance, and diet quality.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Joseph J. Knapik, Daniel W. Trone, Ryan A. Steelman, Emily K. Farina, Harris R. Lieberman
Summary: This study examined the use and adverse effects of sport-related nutritional supplements (SRNS) among active-duty service members in the United States before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings showed a slight decrease in SRNS use during the pandemic, possibly due to military restrictions and government regulations. The incidence of adverse effects was low in both phases, suggesting that they were transient.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Tessa D. Maroni, Andrew G. Siddall, Carla A. Rue, Sarah C. Needham-Beck, Faye S. Walker, Stephen D. Myers, Julie P. Greeves, Sophie L. Wardle, Anne Fieldhouse, Joseph J. Knapik, Debby L. Gebhardt, Mark P. Rayson, Sam D. Blacker
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
