Article
Food Science & Technology
A. C. C. Frabetti, T. Garnault, H. Curto, A. Thillier, L. Boillereaux, O. Rouaud, S. Curet
Summary: The dielectric properties of selected low-moisture foods were evaluated using open-ended coaxial probe (OECP) and cavity perturbation techniques. Semi-skimmed milk powder was heated at higher temperatures to determine the change in dielectric properties. The results showed that the dielectric constant tends to increase with temperature and moisture content, and with the decrease in frequency from 2450 to 915 MHz. The OECP technique requires good contact between product and probe, while the cavity perturbation technique has been proven to be reliable for many low moisture foods.
EUROPEAN FOOD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jose D. Gutierrez-Cano, Jose M. Catala-Civera, Felipe L. Penaranda-Foix, Pedro J. Plaza-Gonzalez
Summary: Accurate determination of permittivity is crucial for developing new food processing technologies at radio frequencies. An improved measurement test fixture based on an open-ended coaxial probe was developed to determine the permittivity of lossy food products at radio frequencies as a function of temperature. The study found that ionic content and temperature had a limited influence on the dielectric constant but highly determined the loss factor.
JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Zhen Li, Arthur Haigh, Ping Wang, Constantinos Soutis, Andrew Gibson
Summary: The study involved measuring the complex electric permittivity of Baijiu using a low-cost microwave technique and observing a linear relationship between permittivity and alcohol content, as well as strong dependence on other alcoholic drinks. Principal component analysis proved to be a powerful tool for quick estimation of dielectric properties, contributing to efficient quality control in the alcoholic drinks industry. The microwave approach presented in the study could offer an economical solution for characterizing Baijiu and determining alcohol content in various alcoholic beverages.
JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Guofang Xu, Henghui Liu, Qiang Huang, Xuefei Yu, Xiang Nan, Jijun Han
Summary: The open-ended coaxial probe method is commonly used to measure the dielectric properties of biological tissues and can be used to detect skin cancer in the early stage. This study provides a comprehensive examination of the method and determines the minimum detectable tumor size for different subtypes of skin cancer through simulation.
PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mingye Shao, Xiaobin Li, Zhengguang Liu, Xingyu Liang, Lei Lin, Hao Fan, Jinghui Xu
Summary: This article proposes a time-domain calibration method for the dielectric measurement using an open-ended coaxial probe. It solves the problem of complicated operation in traditional calibration methods by extracting three calibration error parameters through time window gating. The reliability of this method is verified through simulative comparison and comparison with actual measurement results, providing technical support for dielectric measurement.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Benhui Fan, Frederic Bosc, Yu Liu, Cyrille Fauchard
Summary: In this study, a non-destructive open-ended coaxial probe is used to measure the dielectric permittivity of road materials. The results show that the dielectric constant obtained by the probe is slightly lower than that obtained by conventional methods in laboratory tests, but it agrees well with the calculated value in on-site investigation. The findings can be applied to estimate the geometry of multi-layered structures.
NDT & E INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Cemanur Aydinalp, Sulayman Joof, Ismail Dilman, Ibrahim Akduman, Tuba Yilmaz
Summary: The open-ended coaxial probe (OECP) method is frequently used for microwave dielectric property (DP) characterization of high permittivity and conductivity materials. However, the method suffers from high measurement error, with tissue heterogeneity being a major contributor. It has been found that using probes with smaller aperture sizes can increase measurement accuracy.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ismail Dilman, Mehmet Nuri Akinci, Tuba Yilmaz, Mehmet Cayoren, Ibrahim Akduman
Summary: This work presents a new method for measuring the complex dielectric permittivity variation of materials using open-ended coaxial probes. The method directly retrieves the Debye model parameters without the need for data fitting. Experimental verification shows that the method achieves high accuracy.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Tae Jun Yoon, Katie A. Maerzke, Robert P. Currier, Alp T. Findikoglu
Summary: PyOECP is an open-source software that estimates and models the complex permittivity obtained from the OECP technique. It provides flexibility for users to adjust the software structure and includes dielectric spectra of common reference liquids. The software utilizes the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method for data regression and can build both discrete and continuous relaxation models. It also accounts for electrode polarization as a measurement artifact.
COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ismail Dilman, Mehmet Cayoren, Mehmet Nuri Akinci
Summary: In this article, a new method for measuring the complex dielectric permittivity of materials is presented. The method uses an open-ended coaxial probe and takes measurement noise into account to enhance stability. The method is based on the maximum likelihood estimation of the Debye parameters and incorporates calibrated reflection measurements and independent Gaussian distributions to model measurement noises at different frequencies. Experimental verification with various liquid samples shows the accuracy of the method compared to previous works.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Arya Fallahi, Sina Hashemizadeh, Niels Kuster
Summary: Using an open-ended coaxial probe and VNA is a common technique for noninvasive and broadband measurement of dielectric permittivity. The method is widely used for characterizing bulk materials, liquids, and thin sheet material samples. Limitations of the method in high-frequency regime and with thin sheet samples made of low-loss materials are mainly caused by imperfect contact between the probe and the sample.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2021)
Correction
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mingye Shao, Xiaobin Li, Zhengguang Liu, Xingyu Liang, Lei Lin, Hao Fan, Jinghui Xu
Summary: This sentence points out that the labels (a) and (b) in Fig. 12 of the above article are mistakenly labeled in the wrong order.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
O. B. Aboyewa, H. B. Akinleye, J. P. Wrubel, M. G. Nichols
Summary: This study presents a simple circuit using basic radio frequency electronics to implement the open-ended coaxial probe method for measuring the complex permittivity of biological tissues. The non-ideal behavior of the circuit is accounted for by a scattering matrix, and its parameters are obtained through calibration standards. The results show that the method agrees with the recommended ASTM standard, validating the utility of the circuit.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Cemanur Aydinalp, Sulayman Joof, Mehmet Nuri Akinci, Ibrahim Akduman, Tuba Yilmaz
Summary: This work presents a technique for retrieving dielectric properties using reconstructed Debye parameters from the response of an open-ended coaxial probe. The technique involves applying a deep learning model to calculate the Debye parameters based on the reflection coefficient response of the probe. The results show that the technique achieves high accuracy in dielectric property retrieval, as validated by comparison with literature data.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kyuya Nakagawa, Shinji Kono
Summary: An open-ended coaxial microwave resonator was designed for monitoring the primary drying stage in the freeze-drying process, sensing the dielectric property with sensitivity. This device successfully achieved monitoring of freeze-drying process and estimation of drying endpoint.
JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING
(2021)
