Article
Psychology, Clinical
Joanne S. Carpenter, Jan Scott, Frank Iorfino, Jacob J. Crouse, Nicholas Ho, Daniel F. Hermens, Shane P. M. Cross, Sharon L. Naismith, Adam J. Guastella, Elizabeth M. Scott, Ian B. Hickie
Summary: This study aimed to identify clinical predictors of the onset of bipolar disorder (BD) or psychotic disorder (PD) in youth presenting to early intervention services. The results showed that age, social and occupational functioning, mania-like experiences, suicide attempts, and reduced incidence of physical illness were associated with the emergence of BD, while age, male sex, psychosis-like experiences, suicide attempts, stimulant use, and childhood-onset depression were associated with the emergence of PD.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Raimo K. R. Salokangas, Tiina From, Tuula Ilonen, Sinikka Luutonen, Markus Heinimaa, Reetta-Liina Armio, Heikki Laurikainen, Maija Walta, Janina Paju, Anna Toivonen, Paivi Jalo, Lauri Tuominen, Jarmo Hietala
Summary: Functional recovery in patients with first-episode psychosis and clinical or subclinical high risk of psychosis is influenced by factors such as poor premorbid adjustment and disorganization symptoms. A low level of education and poor work situation are common predictors of worse functional outcomes in these patients. Early interventions targeting work and study abilities are crucial in improving the functioning of patients with clinical or subclinical psychosis.
Review
Psychiatry
Steven L. Dubovsky, Biswarup M. Ghosh, Jordan C. Serotte, Victoria Cranwell
Summary: Psychotic depression is considered an independent trait that may accompany mood disorders of varying severity, with acute treatment typically involving a combination of antidepressants, antipsychotic drugs, or electroconvulsive therapy. Limited information exists on maintenance treatment for unipolar psychotic depression and on acute and chronic treatment for psychotic bipolar disorder, leading to a reliance on clinical experience for treatment decision-making.
PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alexia Polillo, George Foussias, Wei Wang, Aristotle N. Voineskos, Jacqueline Veras, Nicole Davis-Faroque, Albert H. C. Wong, Nicole Kozloff
Summary: This retrospective cohort study shows disparities in referral pathways and initial engagement in early psychosis intervention (EPI) services. Improving access to EPI services may facilitate recovery among youths and young adults with psychosis.
Article
Psychiatry
Claire de Oliveira, Joyce Mason, Linda Luu, Tomisin Iwajomo, Frances Simbulan, Paul Kurdyak, Petros Pechlivanoglou
Summary: This study developed a microsimulation model for individuals with chronic psychotic disorders and used the model to examine the impact of a smoking cessation initiative on patient outcomes. The results showed that the smoking cessation program for chronic psychotic disorders can be cost-effective, reducing the risk of chronic conditions and improving survival and quality of life.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Michael Groff, Eric Latimer, Ridha Joober, Srividya N. Iyer, Norbert Schmitz, Sherezad Abadi, Amal Abdel-Baki, Nicola Casacalenda, Howard C. Margolese, G. Eric Jarvis, Ashok Malla
Summary: Cost-effectiveness study found that extending early intervention services (EIS) for psychosis may be more cost-effective for patients with a duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) of 12 weeks or less.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Stephen Puntis, Daniel Whiting, Sofia Pappa, Belinda Lennox
Summary: Early Intervention in psychosis (EIP) teams are the gold standard treatment for first-episode psychosis (FEP), but clinicians face challenges in making aftercare decisions that involve balancing individuals' treatment preferences, risk of relapse, and healthcare capacity. The developed readmission risk tool shows good predictive performance and could aid clinical decision-making, but further refinement, implementation testing, and validation are needed.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Julie Ramain, Philippe Conus, Philippe Golay
Summary: Affective psychoses share similarities in terms of sociodemographic variables, symptom progression, and outcomes, suggesting they can be grouped together for treatment strategies.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Brian O'Donoghue, Linglee Downey, Scott Eaton, Nathan Mifsud, James B. Kirkbride, Patrick McGorry
Summary: Research conducted in Melbourne, Victoria found that first-generation migrants aged 15-24 from certain regions in Africa are at an increased risk for developing psychotic disorders, while migrants from maritime South East Asia, China, and Southern Asia have a decreased risk. This health inequality among migrants emphasizes the need for more funding and accessible mental health services for vulnerable groups, and further research is necessary to understand the reasons behind this increased risk.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Timo Jendrik Faustmann, Daniel Kamp, Saskia Raeuber, Juergen Dukart, Nico Melzer, Leonhard Schilbach
Summary: Social interaction difficulties are a common feature of psychotic disorders, and some cases can be attributed to autoimmune causes. Inflammation in the body and brain has been found to affect social processing and increase sensitivity to threatening social stimuli, resembling psychosis. This article reviews evidence of inflammatory processes in psychotic disorders and their contribution to social impairments, while also discussing the immunomodulatory effects of social interactions and their potential therapeutic role.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Yi Nam Suen, Lik Hang Lincoln Lo, Edwin Ho-Ming Lee, Christy Lai-Ming Hui, Sherry Kit Wa Chan, Wing Chung Chang, Eric Yu Hai Chen
Summary: This study investigated the effectiveness of adjunctive motivational coaching on exercise intervention in women with psychosis in Hong Kong. The results showed that the motivational coaching group had significantly higher total physical activity levels, moderate and light physical activity levels, and improved symptoms of bizarre behavior at 6 months post-intervention. Younger, unemployed, unmarried, and those with longer durations of untreated psychosis generally showed larger improvements in the motivational coaching group.
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Christy Lai-Ming Hui
Summary: The discontinuation of antipsychotic medication is a long-standing clinical dilemma. Short-term evidence suggests that relapse risk is higher after withdrawal, but some studies have found discontinuation to be associated with better clinical outcomes. Clinical guidelines recommend one to two years of maintenance treatment after remission in first episode psychosis (FEP), but specific guidance beyond that is unclear.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Nicole M. Benson, Zhiyou Yang, Vicki Fung, Sharon-Lise Normand, Matcheri S. Keshavan, Dost Onguer, John Hsu
Summary: In this study, using data from a comprehensive healthcare database in Massachusetts, it was found that among the individuals aged 15-35 years who were diagnosed with a first psychotic disorder in 2016, most had prior healthcare utilization and a mental health diagnosis unrelated to psychosis. A large proportion of these individuals received psychotropic medications, including antipsychotics, and had visits for injury or trauma in the preceding 48 months. Factors associated with pre-diagnosis antipsychotic use included male sex and Medicaid insurance.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Donald Addington, Chiachen Cheng Cheng, Paul French, Eoin Killackey, Marianne Melau, Anna Meneghelli, Merete Nordentoft, Ilana Nossel, Antonio Preti, Jo Smith
Summary: This article reviews the application of standards for early intervention in psychosis services in Europe and North America. Fidelity scales and quality indicators are commonly used, with variations in the specific measures and methods across different countries. Further research is needed to compare different methods and explore the relationship between quality of care and outcomes for early intervention in psychotic disorders delivered by community mental health services.
EARLY INTERVENTION IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Sarah A. Immanuel, Geoff Schrader, Niranjan Bidargaddi
Summary: The study reveals a significant difference in relapse trend scores between patients with affective and non-affective psychotic disorders, with higher scores observed in affective disorder patients. This suggests that patients with affective disorders are more likely to exhibit a predictable trend in time to relapse compared to those with non-affective psychotic disorders.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Magdalena Janus, Julia Ryan, Molly Pottruff, Caroline Reid-Westoby, Marni Brownell, Teresa Bennett, Catherine S. Birken, Eric Duku, Mark A. Ferro, Barry Forer, Stelios Georgiades, Jan Willem Gorter, Martin Guhn, Jonathon Maguire, Heather Manson, Jacqueline Pei, Rob Santos, Robert J. Coplan
Summary: Despite being a prevalent mental health problem, there is little data on the pervasiveness and levels of anxiety symptoms in kindergarteners. This study collected data from Canada over a span of 11 years and found that highly anxious children were more likely to be male, have English/French as a second language, and have special needs designation. Furthermore, highly anxious children were more likely to score below the 10th percentile in physical, social, language/cognitive, and communication domains.
CHILD PSYCHIATRY & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kevin J. Friesen, Jamie Falk, Dan Chateau, I. Fan Kuo, Shawn Bugden
Summary: The association between PPI use and dementia is still uncertain. This study used a population-based and a high-dimension propensity-score matched cohort to re-examine this issue. The results showed that high-dose PPI users had a higher risk of dementia, but this association disappeared after adjusting for medical diagnoses and drug use.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Roheema Ewesesan, Mariette J. Chartier, Nathan C. Nickel, Elizabeth Wall-Wieler, Marcelo L. Urquia
Summary: This study found that immigrant women had a higher prevalence of social isolation but a lower prevalence of other psychosocial and behavioral perinatal health indicators compared to non-immigrants. Health care providers may need to tailor care approaches for immigrant subgroups at higher risk, such as refugees, recent immigrants, and those from certain world regions, considering the observed heterogeneity in risk.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nathan C. Nickel, Jennifer E. Enns, Amy Freier, Scott C. McCulloch, Mariette Chartier, Hera J. M. Casidsid, Oludolapo Deborah Balogun, Drew Mulhall, Roxana Dragan, Joykrishna Sarkar, James Bolton, Geoffrey Konrad, Wanda Phillips-Beck, Julianne Sanguins, Carolyn Shimmin, Neil McDonald, Javier Mignone, Aynslie Hinds
Summary: The rising use of methamphetamine in Canada has become a major public health concern. This study aims to address the knowledge gaps, guide harm reduction and treatment efforts, and inform health and social policies for people using methamphetamine.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ashley Stewart-Tufescu, Shannon Struck, Tamara Taillieu, Samantha Salmon, Janique Fortier, Marni Brownell, Mariette Chartier, Alexa R. Yakubovich, Tracie O. Afifi
Summary: This study explores the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and education outcomes among adolescents in Manitoba, Canada. The findings indicate that adolescents with an ACE history are more likely to be suspended from school, have lower grades, and experience chronic school absenteeism.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Josee G. Lavoie, Wayne Clark, Leah McDonnell, Nathan Nickel, Rachel Dutton, Janet Kanayok, Jack Anawak, Caroline Anawak, Levinia Brown, Grace Voisey Clark, Maata Evaluardjuk-Palmer, Frederick Ford, Melinda Fowler-Woods, Sabrina Wong, Julianne Sanguins, Alan Katz
Summary: The Qanuinngitsiarutiksait study aimed to examine the utilization of health services by Inuit people in Manitoba, focusing on prenatal care and birthing services for Inuit from the Kivalliq region. The study found that a significant proportion of Kivalliq women give birth in Manitoba, highlighting the practice of evacuating women for specialized care. However, this practice denies Inuit women the choice of birthing location and is costly.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2022)
Review
Gerontology
Kyle Bergen, Megan Jubenvill, Kyle Shaw, Erin Steen, Hal Loewen, Sophia Mbabaali, Ruth Barclay
Summary: The purpose of this study was to identify internal and external factors associated with outdoor winter walking in older adults. The study found that adverse weather conditions, physical environment, physical function, and perceptions relating to winter walking conditions were the four categories of factors affecting outdoor winter walking in older adults. These research findings can help rehabilitation and exercise professionals educate their clients and address barriers to outdoor winter walking.
CANADIAN JOURNAL ON AGING-REVUE CANADIENNE DU VIEILLISSEMENT
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Jacqueline Berger, Laura Burnham, Nathan Nickel, Rebecca Knapp, Aishat Gambari, Paige Beliveau, Anne Merewood
Summary: This study aimed to assess changes in maternity care policies during the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on breastfeeding, skin-to-skin contact, and rooming-in rates. The findings revealed inconsistent policy changes in maternity hospitals during the pandemic, which had a negative impact on breastfeeding and maternity care practices. Ongoing monitoring is recommended.
BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
David Rudoler, M. Ruth Lavergne, Emily Gard Marshall, Juveria Zaheer, Selene Etches, Kimberley P. Good, Agnes Grudniewicz, Alan Katz, Paul Kurdyak, James Bolton, Ridhwana Kaoser, Catherine Moravac, Jason Morrison, Benoit Mulsant, Sandra Peterson, Phil G. Tibbo
Summary: Despite a steady per-capita supply of psychiatrists in most provinces, the Canadian population has poor and inequitable access to psychiatric care. This study aims to improve access to psychiatric care by developing comparable indicators of supply, analyzing variations in the characteristics and practice style of the psychiatrist workforce, and studying psychiatrist practice choices and intentions.
Article
Medical Informatics
Aman Jaiswal, Alan Katz, Marcello Nesca, Evangelos Milios
Summary: This study proposes and trains a deep learning model to identify risk factors for lower back pain in clinical notes, and evaluates its performance in new clinical notes. The results show that using BERT models for multi-label classification can effectively detect risk factors indicating the need for imaging in patients with lower back pain.
JMIR MEDICAL INFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Anthropology
Emily Brownell, Jennifer E. Enns, Julianne Sanguins, Marni Brownell, Mariette Chartier, Dan Chateau, Joykrishna Sarkar, Elaine Burland, Aynslie Hinds, Alan Katz, Rob Santos, A. Frances Chartrand, Nathan C. Nickel
Summary: Due to colonization, Metis in Canada have faced challenges in politics and socioeconomic factors, including lower educational achievement compared to other Canadian students. This study examined the impact of full-time kindergarten (FTK) versus half-time kindergarten (HTK) on educational outcomes for Metis students in Manitoba. The results showed no significant differences between FTK and HTK students, suggesting that FTK alone is not enough to overcome the structural barriers to academic success faced by Metis students.
INTERNATIONAL INDIGENOUS POLICY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
Jennifer E. Enns, Marni Brownell, Hera J. M. Casidsid, Mikayla Hunter, Anita Durksen, Lorna A. Turnbull, Nathan C. Nickel, Karine Levasseur, Myra J. Tait, Scott Sinclair, Selena Randall, Amy Freier, Colette Scatliff, Emily Brownell, Aine Dolin, Nora Murdock, Alyson Mahar, Stephanie Sinclair, SPECTRUM Partnership
Summary: In Canadian society, there is a lack of coordination and collaboration between departments, sectors, and organizations in the planning and implementation of social services. This can result in poor outcomes and wasted resources when the needs of individuals are not addressed. To address this issue, the SPECTRUM Partnership was formed in 2018, bringing together community organizations, government, and academia to conduct research and evaluation on social programs and systems.
GATEWAYS-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY RESEARCH AND ENGAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Monica Aggarwal, Alan Katz, Kristina Marie Kokorelias, Sabrina T. Wong, Fariba Aghajafari, Noah M. Ivers, Ruth Martin-Misener, Kris Aubrey-Bassler, Mylaine Breton, Ross E. G. Upshur, Jeffrey C. Kwong
Summary: This study aims to compare vaccine distribution strategies in different provinces and propose effective distribution methods for underserved communities. The study uses multiple methods, including policy document review, interviews, and data analysis, to obtain comprehensive research findings. The outcome will be a series of recommendations for stakeholders, including underserved and at-risk populations, to implement future vaccine distribution approaches.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Surani Matharaarachchi, Mike Domaratzki, Alan Katz, Saman Muthukumarana
Summary: This study analyzed Twitter discussions on long COVID symptoms and found that breathlessness, fatigue, and brain fog are the most common and persistent symptoms reported by patients. The study also revealed associations between different symptoms, such as the relationship between lung/breathing issues and loss of taste.
JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Jennifer E. Enns, Nathan C. Nickel, Dan Chateau, Alan Katz, Joykrishna Sarkar, Drew Lambert, Marni Brownell
Summary: The article discusses the potential of using robotic technology in the agricultural sector, according to the CEO of malee wild harvest company in Canberra, Navarro. He believes that robots can help farmers improve productivity, reduce costs, and reduce reliance on chemical pesticides.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POPULATION DATA SCIENCE (IJPDS)
(2022)