Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Brian J. Wentworth, Rebecca M. Haug, Patrick G. Northup, Stephen H. Caldwell, Zachary H. Henry, Michelle Long
Summary: Relative adrenal insufficiency in patients with cirrhosis is associated with increased mortality. Disordered cholesterol metabolism, leading to decreased LCAT activity and reduced HDL trafficking to the adrenal gland, may contribute to the development of RAI.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nathaniel L. Baker, Samar M. Hammad, Kelly J. Hunt, Andrea Semler, Richard L. Klein, Maria F. Lopes-Virella
Summary: This study found that plasma apoM levels are associated with the development of diabetic kidney disease. Higher apoM levels are associated with increased risk of progression to macroalbuminuria and chronic kidney disease in patients with type 1 diabetes, suggesting that alterations in apoM may play a role in the development of nephropathy.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
G. B. John Mancini, Arnold Ryomoto, Iulia Iatan, Robert A. Hegele
Summary: The limitations of the Friedewald equation in cases of elevated triglyceride (TG) or low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) have led to the development of alternative methods such as Martin-Hopkins and Sampson-National Institutes of Health (NIH). A comparison of the three methods across a wide range of total cholesterol (TC), TG, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels showed that Sampson-NIH yields similar or lower LDL-C values than Friedewald when TC and TG are high. However, the use of alternate LDL-C values may introduce variability in clinical decisions at commonly used LDL-C levels for treatment stratification. These findings highlight the importance of directly measuring apolipoprotein B or considering non-HDL-C to overcome the limitations of all three methods.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ryoko Shinohata, Misako Shibakura, Yujiro Arao, Shogo Watanabe, Satoshi Hirohata, Shinichi Usui
Summary: A high-fat/high-cholesterol diet increases serum levels of apoE-rich HDL, while a high-cholesterol diet does not. This study investigates the effects of dietary fat and cholesterol on gene expression and HDL production. The results suggest that increased apoE-rich HDL induced by fat and cholesterol may be mediated by increased ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux from the liver.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Brian J. Wentworth, Matthew Schliep, Wendy Novicoff, Helmy M. Siragy, Calvin X. Geng, Zachary H. Henry
Summary: This study found that relative adrenal insufficiency is highly prevalent in non-critically ill patients with cirrhosis and is associated with increased mortality. Despite the multifactorial pathogenesis proposed, there have been no studies to date investigating therapeutic interventions in this specific population.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura Toma, Teodora Barbalata, Gabriela M. Sanda, Loredan S. Niculescu, Anca V. Sima, Camelia S. Stancu
Summary: Transcriptional activation of endogenous ApoAI or PON1 in enterocytes can increase their gene and protein expression, as well as secretion in CM. This activation also stimulates ABCA1/G8 and SR-BI, and upregulates PPAR gamma, LXRs, and SIRT1, thereby reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in EC.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carla Borras, Aina Mercer, Sonia Sirisi, Daniel Alcolea, Joan Carles Escola-Gil, Francisco Blanco-Vaca, Mireia Tondo
Summary: This work aims to review the mechanisms of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated cholesterol trafficking in the central nervous system (CNS) in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It explores the relationship between HDL-mediated cholesterol transport and Aβ peptide accumulation and apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-mediated cholesterol transport. The existing data suggest decreased cholesterol efflux and impaired cholesterol entry into neurons among patients with AD. However, most studies in this field have been performed in cells that are not physiologically relevant for CNS pathology, which is a major flaw. Further investigations are needed to clarify the role of cholesterol trafficking in AD pathogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Elizabeth M. Rhea, William A. Banks
Summary: The interactions between lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins with the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are diverse and important for both health and disease.
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Setor K. Kunutsor, Jari A. Laukkanen
Summary: This editorial discusses the 'U-shaped relationship between apolipoprotein A1 levels and mortality risk in men and women'.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Reza Fadaei, Samaneh Mohassel Azadi, Eric Rheaume, Habibolah Khazaie
Summary: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) may be impaired in OSA patients, potentially contributing to the risk of CVD.
LIPIDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Chris J. Packard
Summary: The implementation of intensive LDL-C lowering strategies and recognition of TRL's role in atherosclerosis have prompted a re-evaluation of current lipid profile measurements for future clinical practice. New equations for calculating LDL-C and specific measurement of TRL/remnant cholesterol may be important in determining risk. Updated methods for determining LDL-C and development of better biomarkers reflecting TRL particles abundance are necessary.
CURRENT ATHEROSCLEROSIS REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anna Helgadottir, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Audunn Snaebjarnarson, Lilja Stefansdottir, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Vinicius Tragante, Eypor Bjornsson, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Solveig Gretarsdottir, Hannes Helgason, Jona Saemundsdottir, Isleifur Olafsson, Jens Jakob Thune, Anna Axelsson Raja, Jonas Ghouse, Morten Salling Olesen, Alex Christensen, Rikke Louise Jacobsen, Joseph Dowsett, Mie Topholm Bruun, Kaspar Nielsen, Kirk Knowlton, Lincoln Nadauld, Rafn Benediktsson, Christian Erikstrup, Ole B. Pedersen, Karina Banasik, Soren Brunak, Henning Bundgaard, Sisse R. Ostrowski, Patrick Sulem, David O. Arnar, Gudmundur Thorgeirsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Kari Stefansson, Hilma Holm
Summary: The study showed that many sequence variants have discordant effects on non-HDL-C and apoB, demonstrating that the causal mechanism underlying the relationship between apolipoprotein B particles and CAD is more associated with non-HDL-C.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Leonie Schoch, Lina Badimon, Gemma Vilahur
Summary: Increasing doubt has been raised over the HDL-cholesterol hypothesis, with evidence pointing towards the complexity and molecular changes in HDL particles. Chemical modifications, compositional changes, and miRNA cargo have been identified as factors contributing to the ineffectiveness of HDL particles. Overcoming challenges is crucial to bringing hope to HDL-targeted approaches.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kenneth R. Feingold
Summary: COVID-19 infections lead to decreased levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and apolipoprotein A-I, A-II, and B, while triglyceride levels may be increased. The reduction in total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and apolipoprotein A-I levels predicts mortality. After recovery, lipid/lipoprotein levels return to pre-infection levels, but there may be an increased risk of dyslipidemia post-COVID-19 infection. Omega-3 fatty acids and PCSK9 inhibitors may reduce the severity of COVID-19 infections. HDL-C levels may affect the risk of developing COVID-19 infections.
BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Peter W. F. Wilson, Terry A. Jacobson, Seth S. Martin, Elizabeth J. Jackson, N-Anh Le, Michael H. Davidson, Hubert W. Vesper, Ruth Frikke-Schmidt, Christie M. Ballantyne, Alan T. Remaley
Summary: The measurement of lipoproteins is crucial for managing patients with coronary heart disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Guidelines for lipid measurements have evolved to optimize cardiovascular risk assessment and prevention. Screening with nonfasting lipids is acceptable, and the use of non-HDL-C and alternative methods for estimating LDL-C are recommended, especially for patients with specific lipid profiles. Harmonization of advanced lipid measurement methods and timely follow-up after changes in lipid treatment are also emphasized for better clinical outcomes.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LIPIDOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Antonina Giammanco, Rossella Spina, Angelo B. Cefalu, Maurizio Averna
Summary: This review summarizes the different functions of Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) and highlights its multifaceted pathophysiological role. ApoC-III plays an important role in HDL metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis, inflammation, and ER stress. It is also linked to cardiovascular disease risk and progression of coronary artery disease, and recent clinical trials suggest that inhibiting ApoC-III may be a promising approach for managing hypertriglyceridemia and preventing cardiovascular disease.
CURRENT ATHEROSCLEROSIS REPORTS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Maurizio R. Averna, Angelo B. Cefalu
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sebastiano Cicco, Marco D'Abbondanza, Marco Proietti, Vincenzo Zaccone, Chiara Pes, Federica Caradio, Massimo Mattioli, Salvatore Piano, Alberto Maria Marra, Alessandro Nobili, Pier Mannuccio Mannucci, Antonello Pietrangelo, Giorgio Sesti, Elena Buzzetti, Andrea Salzano, Antonio Cimellaro
Summary: This study investigated the determinants and outcomes of antihypertensive drug prescription in older hospitalized patients. The findings suggest that adherence to guideline-recommended antihypertensive treatment is associated with a lower risk of adverse clinical outcomes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pere Rehues, Josefa Girona, Montse Guardiola, Nuria Plana, Roberto Scicali, Salvatore Piro, Ovidio Muniz-Grijalvo, Jose Luis Diaz-Diaz, Lluis Recasens, Marta Pinyol, Roser Rosales, Yaiza Esteban, Nuria Amigo, Lluis Masana, Daiana Ibarretxe, Josep Ribalta
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of iPCSK9 on glycoproteins A, B, and F, and found that iPCSK9 therapy not only reduced LDL cholesterol, but also decreased 1H-NMR glycoprotein signals, which correlated with a decrease in triglycerides and apoC-III.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Marina Cuchel, Frederick J. Raal, Robert A. Hegele, Khalid Al-Rasadi, Marcello Arca, Maurizio Averna, Eric Bruckert, Tomas Freiberger, Daniel Gaudet, Mariko Harada-Shiba, Lisa C. Hudgins, Meral Kayikcioglu, Luis Masana, Klaus G. Parhofer, Jeanine E. Roeters van Lennep, Raul D. Santos, Erik S. G. Stroes, Gerald F. Watts, Albert Wiegman, Jane K. Stock, Lale S. Tokgoezoglu, Alberico L. Catapano, Kausik K. Ray
Summary: This 2023 statement provides updated clinical guidance for the management of homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH), including criteria for diagnosis, genetic testing interpretation, and treatment recommendations. The statement emphasizes the importance of considering both phenotype and genotype in the diagnosis of HoFH, with a LDL-C level >10 mmol/L (>400 mg/dL) being indicative of the condition. Combination therapy targeting LDL-C, including the use of novel therapies like proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, is recommended to achieve LDL-C goals and reduce the need for lipoprotein apheresis. To improve HoFH care globally, the statement recommends the implementation of national screening programs, education to increase awareness, and management guidelines adapted to local healthcare systems.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Elena Succurro, Alessio Novella, Alessandro Nobili, Federica Giofre, Franco Arturi, Angela Sciacqua, Francesco Andreozzi, Antonello Pietrangelo, Giorgio Sesti
Summary: Diabetes is a growing health burden globally, especially among elderly individuals with the highest prevalence. This study aimed to evaluate the appropriateness and adherence to safety recommendations in glucose-lowering drug prescriptions for hospitalized elderly patients with diabetes. The findings revealed a high prevalence of inappropriate use of sulfonylureas in the prescription of anti-diabetes drugs.
INTERNAL AND EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessandra Scamporrino, Stefania Di Mauro, Agnese Filippello, Grazia Di Marco, Antonino Di Pino, Roberto Scicali, Maurizio Di Marco, Emanuele Martorana, Roberta Malaguarnera, Francesco Purrello, Salvatore Piro
Summary: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a complication that significantly increases the risk of end-stage kidney disease and cardiovascular events. The identification of novel, highly sensitive, and specific early biomarkers to diagnose DKD and predict kidney function decline is crucial.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nicoletta Miano, Maurizio Di Marco, Salvatore Alaimo, Giuseppe Coppolino, Giuseppe L'Episcopo, Stefano Leggio, Roberto Scicali, Salvatore Piro, Francesco Purrello, Antonino Di Pino
Summary: The CONUT score, which represents poor nutritional status, has been shown to be an indicator of adverse outcomes. This retrospective study analyzed data from 369 patients, divided into four groups based on the CONUT score. In-hospital all-cause mortality, length of hospital stay, and the prevalence of sepsis increased with higher CONUT scores. The increased risk associated with a high CONUT score remained significant even after adjusting for confounders. These findings highlight the importance of CONUT scores in predicting short-term in-hospital outcomes and complications.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Elena Olmastroni, Marta Gazzotti, Maurizio Averna, Marcello Arca, Patrizia Tarugi, Sebastiano Calandra, Stefano Bertolini, Alberico L. Catapano, Manuela Casula
Summary: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of LPA risk variants in adult individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in Italy. The study found that a portion of FH patients had high lp(a) levels, which could not be explained by monogenic or polygenic causes. It suggests the importance of measuring lp(a) levels in diagnosing FH and excluding other factors that may contribute to the phenotype before performing genetic tests.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Salvatore Spampinato, Maurizio Di Marco, Luciano Mammolito, Alessia Scarfia, Maurizio Valastro, Stefania Di Mauro, Giosiana Bosco, Francesco Purrello, Salvatore Piro
Summary: Over the past three years, the Coronavirus-19 disease has emerged as a global health emergency, drawing significant attention from the international scientific community. Efforts have been focused on understanding and addressing the pandemic, leading to the discovery of new pathologies related to SARS-CoV-2, such as MIS-C and MIS-A. However, this heightened focus on COVID-19 may have inadvertently impacted the diagnosis of unrelated diseases, including rare conditions. This article describes the diagnostic process of a rare vasculitis in a young woman with a recent clinical history of SARS-CoV-2.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Roberto Scicali, Giosiana Bosco, Alessandra Scamporrino, Stefania Di Mauro, Agnese Filippello, Francesco Di Giacomo Barbagallo, Salvatore Spampinato, Chiara Pavanello, Alice Ossoli, Antonino Di Pino, Laura Calabresi, Francesco Purrello, Salvatore Piro
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the presence of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) carried by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) subjects and evaluate their associations with lipoproteins and pulse wave velocity (PWV). The results showed that HDL carried lncRNA HIF1A-AS2, LASER, and LEXIS, and HDL-lncRNA LEXIS was significantly associated with Lp(a) levels. Moreover, both Lp(a) and HDL-lncRNA LEXIS were associated with PWV.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Barbagallo, Michele Stella, Stefania Di Mauro, Alessandra Scamporrino, Agnese Filippello, Francesca Scionti, Maria Teresa Di Martino, Michele Purrello, Marco Ragusa, Francesco Purrello, Salvatore Piro
Summary: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease characterized by high blood glucose levels. Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is the most common form, affecting middle-aged or elderly individuals and its incidence is increasing among children and adults. This study analyzed the transcriptome of serum samples from T2D patients and identified a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) as a potential diagnostic biomarker. The combination of this lncRNA with clinical parameters showed better diagnostic performance than the glycated haemoglobin test. Using this biomarker in clinical practice would improve the diagnosis and management of T2D patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Giulia Chiesa, Maria Grazia Zenti, Andrea Baragetti, Carlo M. Barbagallo, Claudio Borghi, Furio Colivicchi, Aldo P. Maggioni, Davide Noto, Matteo Pirro, Angela A. Rivellese, Tiziana Sampietro, Francesco Sbrana, Marcello Arca, Maurizio Averna, Alberico L. Catapano
Summary: Lp(a) plays a causal role in cardiovascular disease and measuring Lp(a) concentration can be used as an indicator of cardiovascular risk. The presence of apo(a) size polymorphism poses challenges in Lp(a) measurement, but new strategies are being developed to overcome this. Currently, reducing Lp(a) levels can mainly be achieved through plasma apheresis and the use of specific drugs.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2023)