Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Paul Feuerstadt, Thomas J. Louie, Bret Lashner, Elaine E. L. Wang, Liyang Diao, Jessica A. Bryant, Matthew Sims, Colleen S. Kraft, Stuart H. Cohen, Charles S. Berenson, Louis Y. Korman, Christopher B. Ford, Kevin D. Litcofsky, Mary-Jane Lombardo, Jennifer R. Wortman, Henry Wu, John G. Aunins, Christopher W. J. McChalicher, Jonathan A. Winkler, Barbara H. McGovern, Michele Trucksis, Matthew R. Henn, Lisa von Moltke
Summary: SER-109 microbiome therapy is superior to placebo in reducing the risk of recurrent C. difficile infection, and has a similar safety profile as placebo.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Marcela Krutova, Tim G. J. de Meij, Fidelma Fitzpatrick, Richard J. Drew, Mark H. Wilcox, Ed J. Kuijper
Summary: This article discusses the diagnosis and treatment guidelines for Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) in the pediatric population. It highlights the characteristics and risks of CDI in children, as well as the effectiveness and indications of different treatment options.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Shaodong Wei, Martin Iain Bahl, Simon Mark Dahl Baunwall, Jens Frederik Dahlerup, Christian Lodberg Hvas, Tine Rask Licht
Summary: This study aimed to explore the relationship between early changes in the intestinal microbiota and clinical outcomes following fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). The results showed that patients with sustained resolution after FMT had different microbial diversity, abundance, and gut microbiota dysbiosis compared to non-responders. Additionally, a constructed index based on clinically feasible methods successfully predicted treatment failure. It was also found that FMT had a more pronounced impact on the gut microbiota compared to antibiotic monotherapy. Therefore, early identification of microbial community structures after FMT is clinically valuable for predicting treatment response.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Yuanyuan Qian, Biruk T. Birhanu, Jingdong Yang, Derong Ding, Jeshina Janardhanan, Shahriar Mobashery, Mayland Chang
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) caused by dysbiosis after broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment is a major concern. In this study, an oxadiazole antibiotic compound, 3-(4-(cyclopentyloxy)phenyl)-5-(4-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (compound 57), was found to exhibit potent and selective bactericidal activity against C. difficile.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Cornelius J. Clancy, Deanna Buehrle, Michelle Vu, Marilyn M. Wagener, M. Hong Nguyen
Summary: Following revised clinical practice guidelines, there was a significant increase in the cumulative treatment courses of oral vancomycin and fidaxomicin, while a decrease in the treatment courses of oral metronidazole in the US. Monthly use of vancomycin significantly increased, and metronidazole significantly decreased after the publication of revised guidelines. The impact of revised guidelines in changing treatment practices for CDI was greater than clinical trial data establishing the superiority of vancomycin over metronidazole.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Deanna Buehrle, Cornelius J. Clancy
Summary: Based on the analysis of June 2021 data, oral vancomycin and fidaxomicin are widely used treatments for Clostridioides difficile, but only a small percentage of enrollees have easy access to them.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Noah Fang, David Ha, Kimberly Dong, Thomas Leung, Sydney Lee, Marisa Holubar, Lina Meng
Summary: This study reviewed the discharge of Clostridioides difficile-positive patients treated with fidaxomicin after local adoption of the 2021 CDI guidelines. From June 14 to October 3, 2021, 80% (12/15) of the patients had copayments ranging from $0 to $35, and 27% (4/15) required prior authorization. The 30-day CDI recurrence rate was 7%.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sahil Khanna
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infection is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitals with increasing incidence in the community. Management includes diagnostics, newer antibiotics, antibody treatments, and microbiome restoration therapies.
MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Thomas Louie, Yoav Golan, Sahil Khanna, Dmitri Bobilev, Nathalie Erpelding, Candida Fratazzi, Meg Carini, Rajita Menon, Mary Ruisi, Jason M. M. Norman, Jeremiah J. J. Faith, Bernat Olle, Minran Li, Jeffrey L. L. Silber, Darrell S. S. Pardi
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of VE303, a bacterial consortium of eight strains of commensal Clostridia, in preventing recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). The results demonstrated that high-dose VE303 was effective in preventing CDI recurrence compared to placebo.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Nicholas A. Turner, Bobby G. Warren, Maria F. Gergen-Teague, Rachel M. Addison, Bechtler Addison, William A. Rutala, David J. Weber, Daniel J. Sexton, Deverick J. Anderson
Summary: Fidaxomicin and vancomycin are more effective in reducing C. difficile shedding and environmental contamination compared to metronidazole. Treatment choice may play a role in reducing healthcare-associated C. difficile transmission.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ronald G. Hall, Travis J. Cole, Chip Shaw, Carlos A. Alvarez
Summary: Fidaxomicin was found to be associated with a significantly lower risk of CDI recurrence compared to vancomycin in a matched cohort study.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anne J. Gonzales-Luna, Travis J. Carlson, Kevin W. Garey
Summary: Human gut microbiota play a critical role in the development and recovery of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Antibiotics, although necessary for CDI treatment, can further disrupt the gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis and complicating recovery. Various microbiota-based treatment approaches, such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and newly approved live biotherapeutic products, have been developed to address disease- and treatment-associated dysbiosis and improve cure rates. This review aims to discuss the changes in the gut microbiome associated with CDI and the effectiveness of different microbiota-based treatments.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jianfeng Dai, Jing Gong, Rui Guo
Summary: This study compared the treatment outcomes of fidaxomicin and vancomycin/metronidazole regimens in CDI patients, showing no significant differences in terms of clinical cure, sustained cure, recurrence, and all-cause mortality, but a higher risk of treatment failure in CDI patients receiving fidaxomicin.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Alice Annalisa Medaglia, Alessandro Mancuso, Chiara Albano, Giuseppe Zinna, Luca Pipito, Cinzia Cala, Rita Immordino, Raffaella Rubino, Silvia Bonura, Baldassare Canino, Giuseppe Calamusa, Claudia Colomba, Pier Luigi Almasio, Antonio Cascio
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in frail patients. This study aimed to determine the incidence of CDI and identify risk factors for mortality and recurrence. The findings showed a significant increase in CDI incidence over the past decade and identified hemodialysis as a significant risk factor for mortality.
Article
Microbiology
Susan P. Sambol, Andrew M. Skinner, Fidel Serna-Perez, Benjamin Owen, Dale N. Gerding, Stuart Johnson
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the colonization of NTCD-M3 after treatment with fidaxomicin, an alternative antibiotic to vancomycin, in a hamster model of C. difficile infection (CDI). The results showed that NTCD-M3 successfully colonized all hamsters treated with fidaxomicin, similar to those treated with vancomycin. The presence of high levels of OP-1118 and vancomycin in feces during treatment suggests the potential effectiveness of NTCD-M3 for preventing recurrent CDI.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
C. F. Butowski, C. D. Moon, D. G. Thomas, W. Young, E. N. Bermingham
Summary: Feeding raw meat diets to cats and dogs has been shown to alter their gastrointestinal microbiome by increasing certain bacteria associated with protein and fat utilization. Further controlled and systems-based studies are needed to characterize the roles of key microbial groups in processing raw meat diets and assess their impact on the health and nutrition of the animals.
NEW ZEALAND VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Christina F. Butowski, David G. Thomas, Nick J. Cave, Emma N. Bermingham, Douglas I. Rosendale, Shen-Yan Hea, Halina M. Stoklosinski, Wayne Young
Summary: The gastrointestinal microbiome of domestic cats can produce beneficial butyrate by fermenting animal-derived substrates, as shown in laboratory experiments. This has important implications for the formulation of species-appropriate diets for cats.
Article
Microbiology
Eric Altermann, Kerri Reilly, Wayne Young, Ron S. Ronimus, Stefan Muetzel
Summary: Agricultural methane produced by archaea in the forestomach of ruminants is a significant contributor to climate change. Functionalized biological polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) nanoparticles offer a new approach to reduce enteric methane emissions by inhibiting rumen methanogens. The research demonstrates the effectiveness of functionalized nanoparticles in inhibiting rumen methanogens in various experimental models, and suggests that it could also improve animal nutrition, providing a promising strategy to reduce methane emissions and increase animal productivity.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Starin McKeen, Nicole C. Roy, Jane Adair Mullaney, Hannah Eriksen, Amy Lovell, Martin Kussman, Wayne Young, Karl Fraser, Clare R. Wall, Warren C. McNabb
Summary: This study characterized the changes in the gut microbiome composition, metagenomic functional capacity, and associated metabolites during the introduction of solid foods in infants. The results showed that the microbiome composition diversified during the first year of life, while the functional capacity of the gut microbiome remained stable. The introduction of solid foods resulted in significant changes in the relative abundance of sequences assigned to KEGG pathways and taxonomic assignments, as well as stronger correlations with metabolites compared to continued diet diversification. This study provides insights into the trends in microbiome composition and functional capacity during the complementary feeding period and identifies potential metabolite targets for future investigations.
Article
Neurosciences
Ankita Jena, Carlos A. A. Montoya, Wayne Young, Jane A. A. Mullaney, Debashree Roy, Ryan N. N. Dilger, Caroline Giezenaar, Warren C. C. McNabb, Nicole C. C. Roy
Summary: Using a pig model of the human infant, this study investigated the effects of consuming bovine, caprine, or ovine milk on brain gene expression in the early postnatal period. The results showed that milk treatments, particularly ovine milk, had the greatest impact on the expression of genes in the hippocampus and striatum regions, which are involved in neurotransmitter signaling and synaptic vesicle cycling. However, milk treatments did not affect gene expression in the prefrontal cortex.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Karl Fraser, Leigh Ryan, Ryan N. Dilger, Kelly Dunstan, Kelly Armstrong, Jason Peters, Hedley Stirrat, Neill Haggerty, Alastair K. H. MacGibbon, James Dekker, Wayne Young, Nicole C. Roy
Summary: The study investigated the effects of dietary MFGM supplement on lipid profiles in different brain regions of neonatal piglets. The results showed that MFGM consumption did not significantly alter lipid composition in most brain regions, except for an increase in triglycerides in the hippocampus of high-supplemented piglets. Furthermore, significant differences in lipid profiles were found between different brain regions.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Wayne Young, Paul Maclean, Kelly Dunstan, Leigh Ryan, Jason Peters, Kelly Armstrong, Rachel Anderson, Hilary Dewhurst, Melanie van Gendt, Ryan N. Dilger, James Dekker, Neill Haggarty, Nicole Roy
Summary: The probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strain HN001 has been shown to have beneficial effects for both pediatric and maternal groups, but its exact mode of action remains unclear. In this study, researchers investigated the impact of L. rhamnosus HN001 supplementation on the intestinal microbiome of 10-day old male piglets. They found significant changes in the cecal microbiome, as well as alterations in key microbial metabolic pathways and intestinal barrier function. These findings highlight the importance of examining the entire gastrointestinal tract rather than just fecal samples when studying the effects of probiotic consumption.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Jane A. Mullaney, Nicole C. Roy, Christine Halliday, Wayne Young, Eric Altermann, Marlena C. Kruger, Ryan N. Dilger, Warren C. McNabb
Summary: This narrative review focuses on the importance of the GI microbiota and the impact of nutrition on the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis during the immune system and brain developmental period in early postnatal life of infants.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julie E. Dalziel, Gosia Zobel, Hilary Dewhurst, Charlotte Hurst, Trent Olson, Raquel Rodriguez-Sanchez, Louise Mace, Nabil Parkar, Caroline Thum, Rina Hannaford, Karl Fraser, Alastair MacGibbon, Shalome A. Bassett, James Dekker, Rachel C. Anderson, Wayne Young
Summary: The study investigated the effects of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strain HN001 and a milk fat globule membrane-enriched product on behavior, brain gene expression, brain lipidomics, and gut microbiota in rats. The combination of L. rhamnosus HN001 and Lipid 70 resulted in a synergistic effect on reducing GABAA subunit expression in the amygdala and hippocampus. L. rhamnosus HN001 alone altered expression of the metabotropic glutamate receptor in the amygdala, while Lipid 70 alone produced significant changes in gut microbiota composition. The study highlights the potential of diet and dietary components in modulating brain signaling pathways and the gut brain axis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Nabil Parkar, Julie E. Dalziel, Nick J. Spencer, Patrick Janssen, Warren C. McNabb, Wayne Young
Summary: Gastrointestinal (GI) motility relies on the enteric nervous system (ENS) and is crucial for digestion. Dysfunction in the ENS can lead to constipation. Animal models have been developed to mimic constipation symptoms through pharmacological manipulations, and studies have shown an association between altered GI motility and gut microbial population. However, little is known about the changes in gut microbiota resulting from slowed GI motility induced by medication, and the current understanding is based on studies using faecal samples which do not accurately represent the intestinal microbiome. This study aimed to investigate how delayed GI transit, caused by opioid receptor agonism in the ENS, affects caecal microbiota composition, and the results showed significant differences in microbial composition between treatment groups, with Bacteroides being relatively abundant in the group with slowed GI transit.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shanalee C. James, Karl Fraser, Janine Cooney, Catrin S. Guenther, Wayne Young, Richard B. Gearry, Phoebe E. Heenan, Tania Trower, Jacqueline I. Keenan, Nicholas J. Talley, Warren C. McNabb, Nicole C. Roy
Summary: This study aimed to compare the circulating concentrations of amino acids and neurotransmitters between healthy participants and those with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). The results showed significant differences in branched-chain amino acids, ornithine, and alpha-aminobutyric acid between healthy controls and FGID groups. No other significant differences were observed for the neurotransmitters or any other amino acids analyzed.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Muhammad Rehan, Ibrahim Al-Bahadly, David G. Thomas, Wayne Young, Leo K. Cheng, Ebubekir Avci
Summary: Smart capsules are rapidly advancing and have the potential to become important tools for diagnosing and monitoring gut health. They can measure physiological parameters and develop sampling devices for better understanding of gut health. This review provides an overview of the current status of smart capsules and discusses the challenges they face, as well as their prospects in healthcare. The development of robotic capsules for collecting gut microbiota samples is also highlighted as a game-changing advancement.
Article
Microbiology
Tracey Bear, Nicole Roy, Julie Dalziel, Chrissie Butts, Jane Coad, Wayne Young, Shanthi G. Parkar, Duncan Hedderley, Hannah Dinnan, Sheridan Martell, Susanne Middlemiss-Kraak, Pramod Gopal
Summary: The relationship between microbiota profile and stress exposure is still unclear. A rat model of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) was used to investigate this relationship. Female Sprague Dawley rats showed atypical behaviors following UCMS, but no depressive-like behaviors were observed. The relative abundance of taxa from the Clostridiales order and Desulfovibrionaceae family correlated with anxiety-like behaviors and plasma cytokine concentrations, suggesting the brain-to-gut influence of mild anxiety with a microbiota profile that may involve inflammatory pathways.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ankita Jena, Carlos A. Montoya, Karl Fraser, Caroline Giezenaar, Wayne Young, Jane A. Mullaney, Ryan N. Dilger, Debashree Roy, Warren C. Mcnabb, Nicole C. Roy
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of consuming different ruminants' milk on the appearance of circulatory blood plasma metabolites in pigs. The results showed significant differences in the relative intensities of metabolites, particularly lipids, in the plasma between different milk treatments. These findings suggest that consuming different ruminants' milk may have an impact on early postnatal development in pigs.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Amy L. Lovell, Hannah Eriksen, Starin McKeen, Jane Mullaney, Wayne Young, Karl Fraser, Eric Altermann, Olivier Gasser, Martin Kussmann, Nicole C. Roy, Warren C. McNabb, Clare R. Wall
Summary: This 6-month prospective non-randomised feasibility study conducted in Auckland, New Zealand, aimed to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of a food intervention for infants before introducing complementary foods. The study found that recruiting infants before introducing complementary foods is feasible and the food-based intervention received acceptable adherence. These results will inform a full-scale randomized controlled trial with adjustments to the collection of biological samples to examine the effect of a prebiotic food on the prevalence of respiratory tract infections during infancy.
PILOT AND FEASIBILITY STUDIES
(2022)