Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Qiang Gao, Lai-qi Zhang, Yi Qiao, Jun-pin Lin
Summary: In this study, high niobium beta-gamma TiAl alloy was diffusion bonded using spark plasma sintering with pure Ti as interlayer. The microstructural evolution, growth kinetics, and mechanical properties of the joint were investigated. The results showed that the joint consisted of three diffusion zones, with the thickness of beta/B2 phase, the average grain size of alpha(2) phase, and the amount of beta-Ti phase increasing with increasing bonding temperature or bonding time. The joint obtained under specific conditions showed the maximum shear strength of 308 MPa.
TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
C. Guerin, A. Bassoulet-Saintonge, A. Allemand, A. Maitre, R. Boulesteix, T. Piquero, Y. Le Petitcorps
Summary: The barium aluminosilicate compound (BaAl2Si2O8 or BAS) was synthesized using powder reactive sintering in a Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) device. The reaction pathways between the precursors (alumina, silica, and barium carbonate powders) were investigated at different temperatures from 900 to 1550 degrees Celsius to obtain the desired hexacelcian crystallographic form of BAS without any unwanted compounds. A three-step thermal treatment was proposed to achieve a fully dense and nearly pure (98 wt%) BAS.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Crystallography
Tomoyuki Homma, Takashi Washizu
Summary: The beta-type and sintered Ti-3.6Fe-5Zr-0.2B alloy was consolidated using spark plasma sintering and followed by a beta solution treatment. Modification of sintering conditions improved the tensile ductility by achieving 100% relative density. Water quenching resulted in the formation of alpha martensite phases, while air cooling suppressed their formation and instead precipitated bimodal alpha lath phases, resulting in higher strength and better ductility.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Qing Zhu, Peng Chen, Qiushuo Xiao, Fengxian Li, Jianhong Yi, Konda Gokuldoss Prashanth, Juergen Eckert
Summary: High-energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering were utilized to create high-strength Ti-25Nb-6Zr biomedical alloys with beta structures. The alloy exhibited accelerated densification with increasing sintering temperature, leading to enhanced plasticity at high temperatures despite a slight drop in comprehensive mechanical characteristics.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tomoyuki Fujii, Masaki Suzuki, Keiichiro Tohgo, Yoshinobu Shimamura
Summary: This study successfully fabricated dense PSZ-Ti composites containing the yttria phase, where the hardness and elastic modulus increased with the PSZ content. Bend tests showed that the strength did not improve, as the brittle yttria phase fractured preferentially in the composites subjected to bending.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
C. H. Jeong, E. Vijayakumar, H. G. Lee, W. H. Lee
Summary: In this work, different yttria-stabilized zirconia-titanium (YSZ-Ti) composite compacts were fabricated using electric discharge sintering (EDS) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) methods. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the compacts were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the EDS composite compacts had a uniform distribution of YSZ throughout the Ti matrix, resulting in significantly improved mechanical properties. On the other hand, in the SPS composite compacts, the YSZ content was mainly agglomerated and dispersed at the Ti particle boundaries. The mechanical properties of the SPS compacts were enhanced with increasing YSZ content but not as much as the EDS processed compacts.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Anna Veverkova, Jiri Kozlik, Kristina Bartha, Tereza Kosutova, Cinthia Antunes Correa, Hanka Becker, Tomas Chraska, Milos Janecek, Josef Strasky
Summary: A combination of cryogenic milling and spark plasma sintering can produce an ultrafine-grained two-phase microstructure.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jeong-Han Lee, Ik-Hyun Oh, Jun-Ho Jang, Ju-Hun Kim, Sung-Kil Hong, Hyun-Kuk Park
Summary: This study investigated the microstructural evolution and mechanical alloying behavior of Al, Cr, and Si fine powders alloyed by planetary ball milling, discussing the formation of Al(Cr) supersaturated solid solution and the influence of crystal lattice distortion. Rapid sintering was used to prepare compacts of Al-Cr-Si alloys with densities above 99.9%, mainly forming intermetallics except in cases of single-phase distribution induced by Al melting. The formation of intermetallics was found to depend on the structures of milled powder and subsequent sintering temperature, as evidenced by TEM and XRD analysis.
METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Jie Liang, Xuetong Zhao, Shenglin Kang, Jing Guo, Zhiling Chen, Yuli Long, Qian Zeng, Jianjie Sun, Lijun Yang, Ruijin Liao, Clive A. Randall
Summary: In this work, a hybrid cold sintering/spark plasma sintering (CSP-SPS) process is demonstrated for densifying and controlling grain growth in ZnO ceramics. The CSP-SPS process achieves high densities (>98%) at lower temperatures (200-300 ℃) and exhibits mild grain coarsening.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Wenhao Liu, Hao Deng, Hao Chen, Lvjun Zhou, Hanyang Zuo, Ping Xu, Wenbin Qiu, Longqing Chen, Yongqiang Wei, Zuxi Xia, Huaqiao Peng, Jun Tang
Summary: This study provides an economical route to manufacture metastable beta titanium alloys without routine post-heat treatment. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy can be controlled by adjusting the in-situ aging temperature.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Haiyang Fan, Chengcheng Wang, Yujia Tian, Kun Zhou, Shoufeng Yang
Summary: This study investigated the feasibility of using L-PBF to fabricate two Ti-6Al-4V-based bimetals, Ti-6Al-4V/γ-TiAl and Ti-6Al-4V/Ti-6242, which may have great potential for the future manufacturing of aerospace components. The bimetal Ti-6Al-4V/γ-TiAl was unsuccessfully built due to the intrinsic cold cracking of γ-TiAl processed by L-PBF. In comparison, the bimetal Ti-6Al-4V/Ti-6242 was successfully manufactured by L-PBF with a solid and defect-free interface.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rahul Mitra, Taraknath Maity, Nidhi Sharma, Khushubo Tiwari, Tanmoy Maiti, Krishanu Biswas
Summary: The gradual evolution of equimolar (Nb, Ti, Zr, Cr)B-2 was studied through boro-carbothermal reduction of metal oxides with varying B4C content. The phase evolution and microstructural investigation revealed the formation of a high-entropy boride (HEB) phase with a small amount of retained phases for a certain B4C content. The sintered specimens exhibited high hardness and thermal conductivity, making this methodology a promising route for obtaining multicomponent diborides.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zijun Qin, Qianyi Li, Guowei Wang, Feng Liu
Summary: This research focuses on the microstructure and defects of spark plasma sintering (SPS) prepared powder metallurgy (PM) nickel-based superalloys. The study specifically analyzes the densification, microstructural evolution, and precipitate phase evolution processes of FGH96 superalloy after powder heat treatment (PHT) and sintering via SPS. The results indicate that the application of SPS technology at sub-solidus temperature effectively reduces the formation of a prior particle boundary (PPB), enhancing the material performance of PM nickel-based superalloys.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yuanmeng Wang, Ming Zhu, Longlong Dong, Guodong Sun, Wei Zhang, Hang Xue, Yongqing Fu, Ahmed Elmarakbi, Yusheng Zhang
Summary: Powder metallurgy methods are used to synthesize titanium matrix composites with exceptional mechanical properties. In this study, TiC/Ti-6Al-4V matrix composites were synthesized using a cost-effective and high-performance method and characterized. The addition of graphene nanoplates (GNPs) resulted in smaller grain size and improved mechanical properties of the composites. The strength of the composites was mainly attributed to grain refinement, precipitation of secondary phases, and dislocations strengthening. This work provides a new methodology for fabricating high-performance titanium matrix composites.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Charles Maniere, Christelle Harnois, Guillaume Riquet, Jerome Lecourt, Christelle Bilot, Sylvain Marinel
Summary: Flash sintering is a promising method for ultra-rapid production, but faces challenges when scaling up from small samples. Stable flash conditions can be achieved for 30 mm specimens, but concentration of electric current can lead to peripheral hot spots in larger specimen sizes. The blackening effect on zirconia flash specimens serves as an indicator of the specimen's thermal history.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Todd C. Monson, Baolong Zheng, Robert E. Delaney, Charles J. Pearce, Yizhang Zhou, Stanley Atcitty, Enrique Lavernia
Summary: This study synthesized dense bulk iron nitrides for the first time using spark plasma sintering, with the Fe4N phase showing potential as a new soft magnetic material. The density of SPSed FexN was found to increase with SPS temperature and pressure, with XRD revealing Fe4N as the primary phase.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
David Svetlizky, Baolong Zheng, David M. Steinberg, Julie M. Schoenung, Enrique J. Lavernia, Noam Eliaz
Summary: This study investigates the influence of processing parameters on the characteristics of laser directed energy deposition of high-quality structural Al-based alloys. The results reveal that the powder mass flow rate has a strong influence on the deposited track's height and dilution, while the laser power and hatch spacing interaction significantly affects the track's height and dilution. The microstructure and microhardness of the deposited material are also discussed.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Calvin H. Belcher, Baolong Zheng, Benjamin E. MacDonald, Eric D. Langlois, Benjamin Lehman, Charles Pearce, Robert Delaney, Diran Apelian, Enrique J. Lavernia, Todd C. Monson
Summary: This study developed a soft magnetic composite with high saturation magnetic polarization and high electrical resistivity for efficient soft magnetic cores. By maintaining a continuous non-magnetic Al2O3 phase throughout the material, both high saturation magnetic polarization and high electrical resistivity were achieved.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
David Svetlizky, Baolong Zheng, Alexandra Vyatskikh, Mitun Das, Susmita Bose, Amit Bandyopadhyay, Julie M. Schoenung, Enrique J. Lavernia, Noam Eliaz
Summary: Directed energy deposition (DED) has become an important branch of additive manufacturing (AM) and is widely used in the design and fabrication of various materials. Successful DED operation requires a good understanding of critical phenomena such as laser-material interactions, alloy solidification, welding metallurgy, and microstructure-mechanical properties relations. This comprehensive review focuses on materials design via DED, including a survey of different compositions and highlights the challenges and opportunities in this area.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xin Wang, Yang Hu, Kehang Yu, Subhash Mahajan, Irene J. Beyerlein, Enrique J. Lavernia, Timothy J. Rupert, Julie M. Schoenung
Summary: The study investigates deformation-induced solute segregation in a Mg-Y alloy at room temperature. High concentrations of Y were observed at dislocation cores, and the segregation arrangement minimizes lattice distortion and is supported kinetically by dynamic interactions between solute atoms, crystallographic defects, and slip-twin interactions during plastic deformation.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sakshi Bajpai, Benjamin E. MacDonald, Timothy J. Rupert, Horst Hahn, Enrique J. Lavernia, Diran Apelian
Summary: This article reviews the fundamental atomistic deformation mechanisms and chemical short-range ordering of the CoCrNi alloy, and discusses the latest research on microstructural engineering through thermo-mechanical processing and minor alloying additions to enhance the tensile properties of CoCrNi derived systems. Furthermore, future directions of research involving the application of current understanding of the underlying mechanisms towards alloy design strategies are discussed.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Cheng Zhang, Haoren Wang, Xinyi Wang, Qin Yu, Chaoyi Zhu, Mingjie Xu, Shiteng Zhao, Rui Kou, Xin Wang, Benjamin E. MacDonald, Roger C. Reed, Kenneth S. Vecchio, Penghui Cao, Timothy J. Rupert, Enrique J. Lavernia
Summary: A new class of non-equiatomic NbTaTi-based refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) with excellent cold-workability and high strength at elevated temperatures has been reported. These RHEAs can be cold-rolled to a reduction of over 90% without any surface treatment or intermediate annealing. They also exhibit considerable ductility at cryogenic conditions, overcoming the traditional strength-ductility trade-off. This class of super-formable RHEAs provides a novel design pathway for energy- and time-saving fabrication of high-temperature structural materials.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Cheng Zhang, Qin Yu, Yuanbo T. Tang, Mingjie Xu, Haoren Wang, Chaoyi Zhu, Jon Ell, Shiteng Zhao, Benjamin E. MacDonald, Penghui Cao, Julie M. Schoenung, Kenneth S. Vecchio, Roger C. Reed, Robert O. Ritchie, Enrique J. Lavernia
Summary: This research reports on a non-equiatomic, heterostructured high-entropy alloy FeNiCoAlTaB that exhibits remarkable combinations of mechanical properties across a wide temperature range. The alloy achieves its behavior by activating multiple individual mechanisms at different temperatures, providing a methodology for designing and fabricating multifunctional high-entropy alloys.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Calvin H. Belcher, Baolong Zheng, Sara M. Dickens, Jessica Domrzalski, Eric D. Langlois, Benjamin Lehman, Charles Pearce, Robert Delaney, Benjamin E. MacDonald, Diran Apelian, Enrique J. Lavernia, Todd C. Monson
Summary: Efficient power conversion requires the use of soft magnetic materials with high saturation magnetic polarization and high electrical resistivity. This study found that synthesizing alloys with nanocrystalline or single phase solid solution microstructures can improve the efficiency of soft magnetic materials. However, the presence of a secondary intermetallic phase has a detrimental effect on the properties of the soft magnetic alloy.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Benjamin E. MacDonald, Baolong Zheng, Brandon Fields, Xin Wang, Sen Jiang, Penghui Cao, Lorenzo Valdevit, Enrique J. Lavernia, Julie M. Schoenung
Summary: The co-deposition of multiple powder feedstocks during metal additive manufacturing can be used to fabricate materials with spatially dependent properties. This study found that the step size in co-deposition has an influence on strain localization.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Xin Wang, Baolong Zheng, Hangman Chen, Dongxu Liu, Kehang Yu, Benjamin E. MacDonald, Lorenzo Valdevit, Lizhi Sun, Penghui Cao, Enrique J. Lavernia, Julie M. Schoenung
Summary: A hybrid Al-Al3Ni metallic foam was synthesized via directed energy deposition without a foaming agent, showing distinct microstructure and mechanical properties. The foam exhibits 61.5% porosity and a high volume fraction of Al3Ni phase within the cell walls. In situ micro-pillar compression reveals a notable yield strength of 560 MPa and a compressive strain exceeding 30%. The Al/Al3Ni interfaces play a crucial role in mechanical strengthening and plastic deformation transfer. The understanding of deformation mechanisms provides insight into the fracture behavior of the foam.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Krishna Yaddanapudi, Mariyappan Arul Kumar, Jiaxiang Wang, Xin Wang, Timothy J. Rupert, Enrique J. Lavernia, Julie M. Schoenung, Irene J. Beyerlein, Subhash Mahajan
Summary: This study investigates the effects of twin-twin interactions on the distribution of defects and stress fields in a magnesium alloy. The analysis focuses on a specific twin junction in a deformed Mg-3wt.%Y alloy. The results show that the morphology of the twins is asymmetric and the dislocations concentrate near the twin-twin junction site. Crystal plasticity calculations suggest that the local stress fields generated at the junction site are responsible for the observed concentration of dislocations. These findings provide insights into the twinning behavior and mechanical properties of Mg alloys.
JOURNAL OF MAGNESIUM AND ALLOYS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Aleksandra L. Vyatskikh, Xin Wang, James Haley, Baolong Zheng, Lorenzo Valdevit, Enrique J. Lavernia, Julie M. Schoenung
Summary: Directed Energy Deposition (DED), a rapidly growing additive manufacturing technique, has potential applications in aerospace, medical devices, and energy systems. The control and mitigation of residual stress remain a challenge in DED. This study proposes a novel approach using alloy design, solid-state transformations, and the introduction of hard and soft metallic phases to mitigate residual stress in additively manufactured components. Experimental results demonstrate successful manipulation of residual stresses by adjusting the alloy composition, and the use of residual stress as an engineering criterion in alloy design for metal additive manufacturing is suggested for the first time.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zhenfei Jiang, Weiping Chen, Chenliang Chu, Zhiqiang Fu, Julia Ivanisenko, Hao Wang, Siyuan Peng, Yemao Lu, Enrique J. Lavernia, Horst Hahn
Summary: We report a novel low-cost FeNi0.9Cr0.5Al0.4 high entropy alloy with a unique fibrous heterogeneous solidification microstructure, which consists of fibers-like face-centered-cubic soft phases enveloped in nano-sized ordered body-centered-cubic hard shells. The fibrous microstructure is responsible for its notable mechanical properties, including a yield strength of -670 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of -1196 MPa, and a uniform elongation of -21.1% at room temperature. The combination of high strength and good ductility is attributed to the hetero-deformation induced hardening mechanism generated from the soft-fiber and hard-shell interface. The cost-effectiveness and outstanding tensile properties make this as-cast FeNi0.9Cr0.5Al0.4 alloy an ideal candidate for structural applications.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Aomin Huang, Cheng Zhang, Zezhou Li, Haoren Wang, Mingjie Xu, Chaoyi Zhu, Xin Wang, Marc A. Meyers, Enrique J. Lavernia
Summary: The non-equiatomic FeNiCoAlTaB high-entropy alloy shows excellent quasi-static mechanical properties. In this study, we investigate the microstructural evolution and mechanical response of this alloy under dynamic loading, which has not been explored before. A novel strategy combining extensive microbanding and martensitic transformation enhances the resistance to plastic instability by preventing the formation of adiabatic shear bands. The aged alloy, with grain sizes up to 400 μm, exhibits a dynamic yield stress over 1300 MPa and good deformability in this regime. This investigation provides insights into potential strategies for improving the dynamic mechanical properties of structural materials through stress-induced martensitic transformation.
MATERIALS TODAY ADVANCES
(2023)
