Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Andi Idhil Ismail, Moukrane Dehmas, Elisabeth Aeby-Gautier, Benoit Appolaire
Summary: The phase transformation kinetics of Ti-6Al-4V alloy were investigated during rapid heating, and the study showed that the heating rate had an influence on the phase transformation behavior. Higher heating rates resulted in a higher dissolution temperature range for the α phase and a narrower temperature range for the phase transformation. The stress level and/or chemical heterogeneity in the β phase decreased with time at high temperatures. Despite the high heating rate, the dissolution kinetics of the α phase were still diffusion-controlled.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
A. E. Davis, J. Donoghue, J. R. Kennedy, N. Byres, P. B. Prangnell
Summary: In-situ cooling experiments were conducted on Ti64 samples for the first time, revealing the development of alpha colonies. Primary alpha laths play a crucial role in influencing subsequent colony growth and transformation process by nucleating secondary alpha laths through sympathetic autocatalysis.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xinyu Yang, Richard A. Barrett, Noel M. Harrison, Sean B. Leen
Summary: A physically-based, mixed-phase structure-property model is developed for analyzing the microstructure-sensitivity of tensile stress-strain response in additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V, considering the effects of solutes, grain size, phase volume fraction, and dislocation density. The model incorporates solid-state phase transformation and dislocation density evolution to simulate the effects of martensite dissolution and a -b transformation at high temperature, allowing for rapid process-structure-property prediction and optimization.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Matteo Villa, Jeffery W. Brooks, Richard Turner, Frederic Boitout, Robin Mark Ward
Summary: This study examined the microstructure evolution of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy during high energy density welding process through numerical simulations and experimental validations. The numerical predictions were shown to reasonably match with experimental results, validating various metallurgical features of the alloy.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
L. Deconinck, T. Depover, K. Verbeken
Summary: The present study experimentally investigates the uptake of hydrogen and the formation of hydrides in duplex Ti-6Al-4V. Hydrogen is introduced through electrochemical charging at room temperature. The effects of charging duration and current density are evaluated, revealing lattice strains and the formation of titanium hydrides under severe charging conditions. The charging conditions significantly influence the hydrogen distribution and hydride formation in the material. Controlling the electrochemical hydrogen charging conditions provides a better understanding of hydrogen-induced failure mechanisms and offers opportunities for sustainable thermohydrogen processing of titanium.
MATERIALS TODAY SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yujian Wang, Junjie Li, Jianwei Li, Lei Zhang, Jiankai Ma, Zhijun Wang, Feng He, Jincheng Wang
Summary: Coarsening of the basketweave alpha + beta microstructure in Ti-6Al-4V during thermal cycling is driven by multiple dissolution and precipitation transformations instead of conventional Ostwald ripening. This study reveals that the vanishing of alpha plates continues during repeated thermal cycling through two mechanisms, which are related to the Gibbs-Thomson effect. The influence of cycling frequency and total duration on the coarsening transformation is also detected. Long cycling duration leads to severe coarsening, while the final coarsening of alpha plates is almost independent of the cycling frequency.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiaofeng Xu, Xudong Yan, Yu Qian, Xueying Chong, Yachong Zhou, Yuguang Zhao, Xuehui Yang, Gaofeng Liu, Chao Wu
Summary: In this study, a high-strength and properly ductile Ti-6Al-4V alloy was successfully prepared using an innovative strategy based on electropulsing. The unique microstructure evolution resulting from electropulsing led to efficient alpha' lath refinement, which greatly enhanced the strength of the alloy. This novel bi-lamellar microstructure also contributed to the proper ductility of the alloy. These results and analysis offer a new approach to improving and controlling the mechanical properties of Titanium alloys.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yassine Lakroune, Damien Connetable, Jonathan Hugues, Paul Hermantier, Pere Barriobero-Vila, Moukrane Dehmas
Summary: The present study investigates the effect of post heat treatment and manufacturing strategy on the microstructure evolution during martensite decomposition of Ti-6Al-4V manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The microstructural evolution was tracked using in situ high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. The variations in transformation kinetics and anisotropic elastic distortions in martensite a' caused by the heating rate and manufacturing strategy were analyzed.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Harish Chandra Kaushik, Mahdi Habibnejad Korayem, Amir Hadadzadeh
Summary: This study investigates the kinetics of phase transformation in L-PBF titanium alloys using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Both non-isothermal and isothermal kinetics models were developed, and the effects of alloying elements and initial microstructure on the transformation kinetics were discussed. The results provide insights into the design of heat treatments to achieve desired microstructures and properties in L-PBF titanium alloys.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Weizhao Sun, Feihu Shan, Nanfu Zong, Hongbiao Dong, Tao Jing
Summary: This research investigates the phase transformation of Ti-6Al-4V during wire laser additive manufacturing using a density-based constituent phase simulation method. By increasing temperature and decreasing cooling rate, the undesirable alpha' phase can be narrowed or even eliminated. Additionally, the laser power of 3000 W results in more transformed alpha(B) without increasing alpha-lath thickness compared to the 2500 W case. The simulation shows promising prospects in predicting phase transformation and optimizing processing parameters.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yitian Zhao, Mingyuan Lu, Yu Yin, Weikang Lin, Han Huang
Summary: Hard and wear-resistant TiOxNy/alpha-Ti composite coatings were fabricated on Ti-6Al-4V alloy using laser gas alloying, showing excellent wear resistance due to the formation of hard TiOxNy reinforcements, alpha-Ti solid solution, and a strong TiOxNy/alpha-Ti interface.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Souvik Sahoo, Shibayan Roy
Summary: The present work investigates the microstructural features and orientation development at the grain boundaries for the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The grain boundary region predominantly comprises continuous alpha phase and alpha free regions. The alpha variants at the grain boundaries generally follow Burgers orientation relationship with adjacent beta grains, although some variants deviate from this relationship. The formation of alpha free regions is attributed to the microsegregation of beta stabilizing elements during liquid to beta transformation, while the non-Burgers OR variants are likely associated with strong elemental partitioning during beta to alpha transformation.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Lara Draelos-Hagerty, James D. Paramore, Brady G. Butler, Peeyush Nandwana, Ankit Srivastava
Summary: This article presents a thermohydrogen post-process treatment that can achieve equiaxed grain morphology in EBM-processed Ti-6Al-4V without sacrificing mechanical properties.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Dingcong Cui, Yashan Zhang, Feng He, Jiankai Ma, Kaiwei Zhang, Zhongsheng Yang, Junjie Li, Zhijun Wang, Ji-jung Kai, Jincheng Wang, Feng Jun
Summary: Preheating is an effective method to customize the heterogeneous microstructure in the bonding zone of HMed Ti-6Al-4V by influencing the cooling rate and pseudo-isothermal annealing temperature.
MATERIALS RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Fumiyoshi Yoshinaka, Gaoge Xue, Nao Fujimura, Takashi Nakamura
Summary: The study on small crack propagation tests conducted on Ti-6Al-4V specimens under varying vacuum pressures showed that crack initiation life increased and crack propagation rate decreased with decreasing vacuum pressure. Fractographic features varied, with angular surfaces in air and under 10(0) Pa, and granular features below 10(-2) Pa. The window periods formed an oxidized surface coverage which influenced the crack propagation rate and fracture surface features. Surface cracks under 10(-4)-10(-6) Pa exhibited characteristics similar to internal cracks, suggesting a high vacuum environment around the internal cracks.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hooyar Attar, Shima Ehtemam-Haghighi, Damon Kent, Matthew S. Dargusch
Summary: The design and fabrication of low-cost biomedical Ti alloys has become a topic of interest. The study utilized laser engineered net shaping (LENS) to fabricate Ti-Mo alloys from mixed elemental powders, and found that densification is slightly reduced with increasing Mo content. The structure and microstructure of the Ti-Mo alloys were found to depend strongly on the level of Mo additions. Ti-10%Mo exhibited the lowest elastic modulus, highest microhardness, and yield strength due to its dominant beta phase structure and the presence of the nanoscale omega phase.
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Xingrui Chen, Jeffrey Venezuela, Matthew Dargusch
Summary: This study presents highly pure Mg-Ge alloys that demonstrate exceptional corrosion resistance and discharge performance as anodes for Mg-air batteries. The UHP Mg-0.5Ge exhibits a corrosion rate of 0.15 mm/y, attributed to its low impurity content, restricted hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and the presence of a protective surface film. The energy density of Mg-0.5Ge is 37% higher than that of UHP Mg at a current density of 10 mA/cm2, owing to its more negative corrosion potential and suppressed non-diffusive evolution (NDE).
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Edohamen Awannegbe, Huijun Li, Tingting Song, Frank Niessen, Ma Qian, Azdiar A. Gazder, Mitchel J. B. Nancarrow, Elena Pereloma
Summary: A bidirectional powder deposition strategy was used to additively manufacture Ti-15Mo wt% using laser metal deposition. The microstructure and deformation mechanisms were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattering diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Three distinct zones, including fusion, remelted, and heat affected zones, were found in all 25 deposited layers with coarse columnar grains, and Mo segregation was observed in the microstructure. Deformation accommodation in the beta matrix was achieved by slip, twinning, and martensite and omega D formation contrary to the expected twinning.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nagasivamuni Balasubramani, Jeffrey Venezuela, David StJohn, Gui Wang, Matthew Dargusch
Summary: It has been found that refining the as-solidified alloy structure can improve structural properties and reduce solidification defects. External field melt processing and solidification studies have provided effective methods for refining the structure and exploring the mechanisms. The origin of fine grains may be attributed to heterogeneous nucleation, fragmentation of dendrites and grains, and separation from the melt and mold wall under vibration or agitation. This review critically compares the current understanding of these grain refinement mechanisms.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
R. X. Zhao, J. Wang, T. W. Cao, T. Hu, S. S. Shuai, S. Z. Xu, C. Y. Chen, Z. M. Ren, M. Qian
Summary: This study demonstrates the use of high magnetic field heat treatment to modify the microstructure of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated by laser-powder bed fusion, resulting in improved mechanical properties. The treatment increased the sub-grain boundaries in the alpha-phase and accelerated the coarsening and globularization of the alpha-phase, leading to enhanced tensile ductility. Furthermore, the treatment induced better alignment of the alpha-variants with the < 11-20 >alpha direction, facilitating the activation of prismatic and basal slips.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tingting Song, Zibin Chen, Xiangyuan Cui, Shenglu Lu, Hansheng Chen, Hao Wang, Tony Dong, Bailiang Qin, Kang Cheung Chan, Milan Brandt, Xiaozhou Liao, Simon P. P. Ringer, Ma Qian
Summary: This study demonstrates a series of titanium-oxygen-iron compositions with outstanding tensile properties, achieved through alloy design and additive manufacturing. These alloys, strengthened by the abundant elements of oxygen and iron, offer potential for diverse applications and the industrial-scale use of waste sponge titanium. Additionally, they have significant economic and environmental potential for reducing the carbon footprint of energy-intensive sponge titanium production.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Majid Laleh, Esmaeil Sadeghi, Reynier Revilla, Qi Chao, Nima Haghdadi, Anthony E. Hughes, Wei Xu, Iris De Graeve, Ma Qian, Ian Gibson, Mike Y. Tan
Summary: Metal additive manufacturing (AM) is a process of making 3D metal parts layer by layer through the interaction between a heating source and feeding material from a digital design model. Post-AM heat treatment is needed to modify microstructure and alleviate residual stresses for achieving comparable or superior properties to conventionally manufactured counterparts. This review discusses the influence of heat treatment on microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of major categories of AM metals, highlighting the significant differences between AM metals and their conventionally manufactured counterparts.
PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Samuel Rogers, Matthew Dargusch, Damon Kent
Summary: This study presents a novel and cost-effective method to produce aluminium nitride (AlN) powder by directly nitridating loose aluminium powder at low temperatures (as low as 500℃) using a vacuum tube furnace under flowing high-purity nitrogen. The addition of a small amount of magnesium powder (1 wt.%) facilitates the nitridation reaction. The results show that AlN can be obtained at temperatures higher than or equal to 500℃, with the highest yield of 80-85% achieved at 530℃ for a duration of at least 1 hour. At temperatures around 510℃, a relatively high proportion of AlN (>73% after 6 hours) can be obtained while maintaining excellent friability for manual reprocessing into powder.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Nan Yang, Jeffrey Venezuela, Rachel Allavena, Cora Lau, Matthew Dargusch
Summary: This work developed a new zinc-nutrient element alloy (Zn-1.0Cu-0.5Ca) into absorbable staples (SAS) for wound closure. The Zn SAS showed higher fixation force than the commercially available PLGA SAS and exhibited uniform degradation behavior. However, the slow degradation rate of Zn SAS and higher local foreign body responses need to be addressed to improve implant retention and biocompatibility.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2023)
Letter
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
H. Z. Zhong, T. Song, R. Das, C. W. Li, J. F. Gu, M. Qian
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jason Rogers, Ma Qian, Joe Elambasseril, Colin Burvill, Craig Brice, Chris Wallbrink, Milan Brandt, Martin Leary
Summary: Additive manufactured (AM) components are increasingly used in fatigue-limited and safety-critical applications, requiring reliable predictions of the fatigue response. Published AM fatigue data must be accompanied by robust documentation to ensure confident adoption. Currently, there is no formal method for quantifying the uncertainty in published AM fatigue test data. This study proposes documentation criteria based on recognised standards and introduces applicability indices to quantify the uncertainty of reported AM fatigue test data, providing a new way to evaluate the suitability of fatigue data for specific applications.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Haozhang Zhong, Raj Das, Jianfeng Gu, Ma Qian
Summary: This study proposes a new design concept based on a generalized theoretical model to overcome the challenge of manufacturing low-density, high-strength, ductile metal mechanical metamaterials. By reducing the strut length-to-diameter ratio without increasing lattice density, the maximum strength of the material can be achieved. Using this design concept, researchers have successfully designed low-density, high-strength metal lattice materials that outperform other cellular metallic materials of equivalent density. This concept is expected to inspire the design of more metal metamaterials.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ting Liu, Yuan Wang, Min Hong, Jeffrey Venezuela, Wei Shi, Matthew Dargusch
Summary: This article comprehensively reviews the applications and prospects of biodegradable piezoelectric materials in biomedical field, including biological force sensing, self-powering biomedical devices, tissue regeneration and medical diagnosis. It summarizes the material synthesis methods and device fabrication techniques, discusses the strategies to achieve high-performance biodegradable piezoelectric materials and devices, and explores their biomedical applications. Finally, future research directions are proposed.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Q. Zhou, X. Z. Zhang, T. Song, S. L. Lu, T. Dong, H. P. Tang, M. Qian
Summary: In this study, the fabrication of Ti-1Al-8V-5Fe (Ti-185) alloy using laser directed energy deposition (L-DED) was investigated. The precipitate phases along the build height were found to have a significant influence on the tensile properties of the alloy. The formation of the embrittling isothermal omega-phase (omega iso) was found to result in zero plasticity in the top region of the sample, while the middle region without the omega-phase exhibited significant tensile ductility and strength. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that converting the isothermal omega-phase to the athermal omega-phase (omega ath) restored the tensile ductility of the alloy.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
S. L. Lu, D. Han, D. Y. Qin, T. Song, D. Qiu, M. Brandt, H. P. Tang, M. Qian
Summary: Massive transformations occur in titanium alloys, resulting in patch-like massive phases that traverse the parent prior-beta grain boundaries. The formation of these phases always occurs when two neighboring prior-beta grains share or nearly share a {110} pole. These phases display concentrated {0001} poles and tend to decompose into ultrafine alpha-beta lamellae.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2024)
