Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
J. Wan, B. Chen, J. Shen, W. Shi, K. Kondoh, S. Li, J. S. Li
Summary: The study demonstrates the fabrication of dual-textured Ti extrudates by manipulating the hot extrusion temperature, revealing different crystallographic textures along different locations of the extrudates. The last portion of the extrudate contains more interstitial nitrogen and oxygen, resulting in extremely high strength through solid solution strengthening.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Wei Xu, Aihua Yu, Xin Lu, Maryam Tamaddon, Mengdi Wang, Jiazhen Zhang, Jianliang Zhang, Xuanhui Qu, Chaozong Liu, Bo Su
Summary: Ti alloys with lattice structures are gaining attention for bone repair due to their superior properties. Different lattice structures were designed, simulated, and fabricated, with BA, CA, and CB structures showing higher strength. The optimized strut radius and mechanical properties of these structures were determined through analysis and comparison.
BIOACTIVE MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Genki Tsukamoto, Tomonori Kunieda, Shigeto Yamasaki, Masatoshi Mitsuhara, Hideharu Nakashima
Summary: The study investigated the effects of grain boundary, grain size, and deformation temperature on twinning deformation in polycrystalline commercially pure titanium. Different twinning systems were observed at different deformation temperatures and grain sizes, indicating the complex interplay between these factors in twinning deformation.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Guangyu Ma, Shucheng Dong, Tuo Cheng, Orest Ivasishin
Summary: This study investigated the compaction and sintering behaviors of TiH2 and HDH Ti powders, comparing the effects of different compact methods. The results demonstrated the advantages of using TiH2 powder as a starting material in the CIP and sintering manufacturing route, which can produce titanium materials with good mechanical properties.
MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Arhum Hassan, Farid Abed
Summary: Dynamic Strain Aging (DSA) refers to the irregular increase in metal strength resulting from the diffusion of impurity atoms and their interactions with dislocations at specific strain rates and temperatures. This study modifies a physical-based model to capture DSA in commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) over a wide range of strain rates and temperatures.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Fabian Haase, Carsten Siemers, Joachim Roesler
Summary: Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of titanium or titanium alloys has the potential to improve medical treatments by enabling the fabrication of complex and individualized implants. However, the LPBF process parameters need to be optimized to reduce porosity and improve mechanical properties. Additionally, the development of a biocompatible titanium alloy with improved solidification and isotropic properties is explored.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Geonhyeong Kim, Seyed Amir Arsalan Shams, Jae Nam Kim, Jong Woo Won, Seong Woo Choi, Jae Keun Hong, Chong Soo Lee
Summary: The low-cycle fatigue behavior of a cryogenic-rolled commercially pure titanium alloy was investigated, showing that increasing the volume fraction of deformation twins through pre-deformation significantly improved the low-cycle fatigue resistance. The formation of smaller dislocation cells in the pre-deformed microstructure led to more severe crack arrest.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Misaki Deguchi, Shigeto Yamasaki, Masatoshi Mitsuhara, Hideharu Nakashima, Genki Tsukamoto, Tomonori Kunieda
Summary: In this study, the mechanical properties of pure titanium were investigated in relation to twinning and slip. It was found that the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increased with increasing strain rates. The fracture strain increased for samples with an average grain size of 210 μm, decreased for samples with a grain size of 5 μm, and changed negligibly for samples with a grain size of 30 μm. Twinning occurred more frequently at high strain rates for Ti-30 and Ti-210, while the frequency did not change for Ti-5. The activity of 1st order pyramidal slip tended to be higher at low strain rates for Ti-30 and Ti-5. The higher ductility of Ti-210 at high strain rates was attributed to the high frequency of twinning, while the higher ductility of Ti-5 at low strain rates was attributed to the activity of the 1st order pyramidal slip.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yuanjie Fu, Yao Cheng, Yun Cui, Yunchang Xin, Yuyao Zeng, Xiao Liu, Gang Chen
Summary: The mechanical responses and microstructural deformation mechanisms of TA2 CP titanium sheets under equi-biaxial loading at different temperatures were studied. It was found that contraction twinning and extension twinning are the main deformation mechanisms at room temperature, while dislocation glide is predominant at elevated temperatures. The different deformation mechanisms result in varied work-hardening behaviors.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Abhishek Kumar Singh, Lalit Kaushik, Jaiveer Singh, Hrishikesh Das, Mounarik Mondal, Sung-Tae Hong, Shi-Hoon Choi
Summary: The microstructure, texture, and deformation history of friction-stir-processed commercially pure titanium were investigated. It was found that a equiaxed submicron grain microstructure developed in the stir zone, and the texture evolution was highly dependent on the thermo-mechanical history. Prismatic and pyramidal slip systems and compression twinning were found to be the dominant deformation modes in the stir zone.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Gui-Lin Yue, Tai-Cheng Chen, Ren-Kae Shiue, Leu-Wen Tsay
Summary: In this study, Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al (Ti-1553) was dissimilarly brazed to commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) using Ti-15Cu-15Ni foil. The microstructures in different areas of the brazed joint showed distinct morphologies due to the distribution of Mo, Cu, and Ni. The shear strength of the joints was influenced by the amount and distribution of brittle Ti2Ni compounds, with prolonged brazing time leading to improved shear strength by forming a wider transformed zone consisting of coarse elongated CP-Ti interspersed with sparse Ti2Ni precipitates.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Qiang Wang, Kang Zhang, Dong Qiu, Wenjuan Niu
Summary: This study comprehensively investigated the effect of La2O3 addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of CP-Ti fabricated through SLM, demonstrating that La2O3 can suppress massive phase transformation, refine grain size, and enhance mechanical properties through multiple strengthening mechanisms.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chan Hyeok Lee, Seong-Woo Choi, P. L. Narayana, Thi Anh Nguyet Nguyen, Sung-Tae Hong, Jae H. Kim, Namhyun Kang, Jae-Keun Hong
Summary: Rapid electric current heat treatment successfully applied to CP Ti cold-rolled sheet led to smaller and more uniform grain size, weaker texture, and improved tensile properties compared to conventional heat treatment. The electric current treatment resulted in less sheet distortion and better oxidation resistance.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Agnieszka Szkliniarz, Wojciech Szkliniarz
Summary: This paper presents the complex characteristics of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) containing 0.2 wt.% carbon. The addition of carbon in CP-Ti has many positive impacts, such as changing the crystallization process, phase transformations, lattice parameters, reducing susceptibility to grain growth, and providing additional hardening during solution treatment and aging. It also improves properties like tensile strength, yield strength, hardness, creep and oxidation resistance, and abrasive wear, while negatively affecting impact strength and susceptibility to hot and cold deformation within acceptable range.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Sonja Kieren-Ehses, Luisa Bohme, Lucia Morales-Rivas, Jorg Losch, Benjamin Kirsch, Eberhard Kerscher, Michael Kopnarski, Jan C. Aurich
Summary: Research has shown a clear correlation between grain orientation and surface topography, material ripping, and resulting surface, as well as forces in the X, Y, and Z directions. The influence of grain orientation on chip formation and resulting chip thickness in micro machining is significant. This research helps to improve the efficiency and quality of micro machining processes by understanding and compensating for the influence of grain orientation.
PRECISION ENGINEERING-JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETIES FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Haozhang Zhong, Tingting Song, Chuanwei Li, Raj Das, Jianfeng Gu, Ma Qian
Summary: The Gibson-Ashby (G-A) model is essential for designing additively manufactured metal lattice materials. However, it is only applicable to low-density lattice materials with strut length-to-diameter ratios greater than 5. This study reveals fundamental disconnections between the G-A model and additively manufactured metal lattice materials.
CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Abduladheem Almalki, David Downing, Jordan Noronha, Jason Dash, Bill Lozanovski, Rance Tino, Ahmad Alghamdi, Mahyar Khorasani, Ma Qian, Milan Brandt, Martin Leary
Summary: This research proposes a method to characterize the impact of common LB-PBF powders and geometric design parameters on section properties of as-manufactured strut elements. Micro-computed tomography has been applied to algorithmically characterize the variation and identify a scale threshold below which additional geometric resolution does not influence the section properties. This methodology provides a robust and algorithmic design tool for additive manufacturing to characterize the effects of manufacturing and design parameters on the functional response of AM strut elements.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Edohamen Awannegbe, Huijun Li, Tingting Song, Frank Niessen, Ma Qian, Azdiar A. Gazder, Mitchel J. B. Nancarrow, Elena Pereloma
Summary: A bidirectional powder deposition strategy was used to additively manufacture Ti-15Mo wt% using laser metal deposition. The microstructure and deformation mechanisms were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattering diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Three distinct zones, including fusion, remelted, and heat affected zones, were found in all 25 deposited layers with coarse columnar grains, and Mo segregation was observed in the microstructure. Deformation accommodation in the beta matrix was achieved by slip, twinning, and martensite and omega D formation contrary to the expected twinning.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
R. X. Zhao, J. Wang, T. W. Cao, T. Hu, S. S. Shuai, S. Z. Xu, C. Y. Chen, Z. M. Ren, M. Qian
Summary: This study demonstrates the use of high magnetic field heat treatment to modify the microstructure of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated by laser-powder bed fusion, resulting in improved mechanical properties. The treatment increased the sub-grain boundaries in the alpha-phase and accelerated the coarsening and globularization of the alpha-phase, leading to enhanced tensile ductility. Furthermore, the treatment induced better alignment of the alpha-variants with the < 11-20 >alpha direction, facilitating the activation of prismatic and basal slips.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tingting Song, Zibin Chen, Xiangyuan Cui, Shenglu Lu, Hansheng Chen, Hao Wang, Tony Dong, Bailiang Qin, Kang Cheung Chan, Milan Brandt, Xiaozhou Liao, Simon P. P. Ringer, Ma Qian
Summary: This study demonstrates a series of titanium-oxygen-iron compositions with outstanding tensile properties, achieved through alloy design and additive manufacturing. These alloys, strengthened by the abundant elements of oxygen and iron, offer potential for diverse applications and the industrial-scale use of waste sponge titanium. Additionally, they have significant economic and environmental potential for reducing the carbon footprint of energy-intensive sponge titanium production.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Majid Laleh, Esmaeil Sadeghi, Reynier Revilla, Qi Chao, Nima Haghdadi, Anthony E. Hughes, Wei Xu, Iris De Graeve, Ma Qian, Ian Gibson, Mike Y. Tan
Summary: Metal additive manufacturing (AM) is a process of making 3D metal parts layer by layer through the interaction between a heating source and feeding material from a digital design model. Post-AM heat treatment is needed to modify microstructure and alleviate residual stresses for achieving comparable or superior properties to conventionally manufactured counterparts. This review discusses the influence of heat treatment on microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of major categories of AM metals, highlighting the significant differences between AM metals and their conventionally manufactured counterparts.
PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Siyu Lu, Shenglu Lu, Biao Chen, Ma Qian, Qiuming Wei, Katsuyoshi Kondoh, Jianghua Shen
Summary: In this study, in-situ high temperature electron back-scatter diffraction (HT-EBSD) was used to investigate the phase transformation in Grade 1 commercially pure titanium (CP Ti). The results showed that the transformation from alpha-Ti to beta-Ti followed the Burgers orientation relationship (BOR), while the transformation from beta-Ti to alpha-Ti during continuous cooling led to the formation of Type 2 alpha-variants that defied the BOR. This phenomenon, not reported before for CP Ti, was attributed to the fast cooling process and the lattice mismatch between the two phases.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
H. Z. Zhong, T. Song, C. W. Li, R. Das, J. F. Gu, M. Qian
Summary: Intricate hollow-strut metal lattice materials, enabled by additive manufacturing, exhibit superior strength and stiffness compared to their solid-strut counterparts of the same density. Analyzed using various models, it is revealed that the hollow-strut lattice structures provide higher resistance to bending, resulting in increased mechanical properties. These materials offer lightweight design options with improved performance at the same or lower density than solid-strut metal lattices.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
L. Afroz, S. B. Inverarity, M. Qian, M. Easton, R. Das
Summary: Additive manufacturing (AM) is a developing manufacturing technology with excellent attributes, but defects hinder the mechanical properties of parts. Numerical prediction based on specified conditions can be an alternative to experimental analysis at the design stage of AM parts. This study performed elastic-plastic finite element analysis to analyze the stress distribution around pores and their effect on fatigue life for AlSi10Mg alloy samples produced by laser powder bed fusion. The proposed model shows approximately 5% error with experimental results at high stress loading conditions.
PROGRESS IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Letter
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
H. Z. Zhong, T. Song, R. Das, C. W. Li, J. F. Gu, M. Qian
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jason Rogers, Ma Qian, Joe Elambasseril, Colin Burvill, Craig Brice, Chris Wallbrink, Milan Brandt, Martin Leary
Summary: Additive manufactured (AM) components are increasingly used in fatigue-limited and safety-critical applications, requiring reliable predictions of the fatigue response. Published AM fatigue data must be accompanied by robust documentation to ensure confident adoption. Currently, there is no formal method for quantifying the uncertainty in published AM fatigue test data. This study proposes documentation criteria based on recognised standards and introduces applicability indices to quantify the uncertainty of reported AM fatigue test data, providing a new way to evaluate the suitability of fatigue data for specific applications.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Haozhang Zhong, Raj Das, Jianfeng Gu, Ma Qian
Summary: This study proposes a new design concept based on a generalized theoretical model to overcome the challenge of manufacturing low-density, high-strength, ductile metal mechanical metamaterials. By reducing the strut length-to-diameter ratio without increasing lattice density, the maximum strength of the material can be achieved. Using this design concept, researchers have successfully designed low-density, high-strength metal lattice materials that outperform other cellular metallic materials of equivalent density. This concept is expected to inspire the design of more metal metamaterials.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Abdollah Bahador, Astuty Amrin, Shota Kariya, Ammarueda Issariyapat, Ozkan Gokcekaya, Guohua Zhao, Junko Umeda, Yafeng Yang, Ma Qian, Katsuyoshi Kondoh
Summary: This research investigates the effect of adding rhenium (Re) on the microstructure and strengthening mechanisms in titanium alloys. The results demonstrate that Re addition can significantly enhance the strength and ductility of titanium alloys, providing valuable insights for the development of high-performance structural materials.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Q. Zhou, X. Z. Zhang, T. Song, S. L. Lu, T. Dong, H. P. Tang, M. Qian
Summary: In this study, the fabrication of Ti-1Al-8V-5Fe (Ti-185) alloy using laser directed energy deposition (L-DED) was investigated. The precipitate phases along the build height were found to have a significant influence on the tensile properties of the alloy. The formation of the embrittling isothermal omega-phase (omega iso) was found to result in zero plasticity in the top region of the sample, while the middle region without the omega-phase exhibited significant tensile ductility and strength. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that converting the isothermal omega-phase to the athermal omega-phase (omega ath) restored the tensile ductility of the alloy.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
S. L. Lu, D. Han, D. Y. Qin, T. Song, D. Qiu, M. Brandt, H. P. Tang, M. Qian
Summary: Massive transformations occur in titanium alloys, resulting in patch-like massive phases that traverse the parent prior-beta grain boundaries. The formation of these phases always occurs when two neighboring prior-beta grains share or nearly share a {110} pole. These phases display concentrated {0001} poles and tend to decompose into ultrafine alpha-beta lamellae.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2024)
