Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nadezhda Dudova
Summary: This paper provides an overview of the creep strength and microstructural features of 9% Cr and 10-12% Cr martensitic steels with high B and low N contents, achieved through modifying the chemical composition. The optimal B/N ratio in steels is discussed, and the creep properties are compared with those of traditional B and N content steels. The relationship between the stability of lath structure and precipitates and the creep strength of steels is also explored, along with future prospects of this alloying modification.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. Z. Yang, J. B. Wiskel, D. G. Ivey, M. Gaudet, A. Hamilton, J. Liu, H. Henein
Summary: The effect of tempering conditions on carbides in P110 casing steels with different Cr compositions was investigated. The local concentrations of Mo and Cr varied slightly from the nominal compositions. The size of fine MC carbides remained unchanged during tempering, while Fe-based carbides exhibited significant coarsening due to the dissolution of M23C6 carbides at elevated temperatures.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Haokai Dong, Hao Chen, Ahmadreza Riyahi Khorasgani, Boning Zhang, Yongjie Zhang, Zhenqiang Wang, Xiaosheng Zhou, Wei Wang, Huanrong Wang, Tong Li, Zhigang Yang, Sybrand van der Zwaag
Summary: Molybdenum (Mo) is commonly used as an effective microalloying element in interphase precipitation steels to improve mechanical performance. However, the specific role of Mo in interphase precipitation behavior is not fully understood. Research has shown that in Mo-containing alloys, (Ti, Mo)C precipitates form instead of TiC, and the average site fraction of Mo in (Ti, Mo)C is independent of the bulk Mo content. Additionally, the number density of interphase precipitates can be significantly enhanced by a minor addition of Mo, with the Mo fraction in (Ti, Mo)C governing the driving force for precipitation nucleation and the interfacial energy of the interfaces.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sandeep Sahu, Sanjeev Kumar Patel, Shashank Shekhar
Summary: The study investigates the effect of grain boundary structure on the precipitation of chromium carbides in Alloy 600 through thermo-mechanical treatment and sensitization heat treatment. The results show that the propensity for carbide precipitation increases with aging time and is largely dependent on the structure of grain boundaries.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Pei-Shan Ding, Xiao-Tao Zheng
Summary: The creep-ratcheting behavior of advanced 9-12 % Cr ferritic steel at 600 degrees C under different peak holding times was investigated, and a corresponding creep-ratcheting constitutive model was developed. Results showed that the anelastic strain remains relatively constant for different holding times, but decreases rapidly during the last several cycles. Moreover, the study observed the behavior of primary creep regeneration during repeated loading and unloading, which remains almost the same with increasing number of cycles.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xuliang Zhang, Youhong Sun, Qingnan Meng, Jinhao Wu, Linkai He
Summary: In this study, chromium boron carbide (Cr-B-C) coatings were synthesized on diamond particles to enhance their oxidation resistance. The coatings effectively protected the diamonds in air atmosphere up to 1151 degrees C, forming a protective barrier of Cr2O3 and B2O3. The presence of Cr2O3 provided lasting protection by reducing the evaporation of B2O3, demonstrating a complementary functional protection on diamond particles from oxidation.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhuang Zhang, Peng Lan, Pu Wang, Hao Geng, Haiyan Tang, Jiaquan Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the semi-macrosegregation in continuously cast blooms and its associated carbide banding defects in hot-rolled bars of high-carbon chromium bearing steel. The morphology and area ratio of equiaxed crystals in the continuous cast blooms can be modified to alleviate the carbide banding defect and improve the mechanical properties of the rolled products.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Wei Chen, Yuchun Peng, Yifan Wang, Peng Cao, Yingxia Zhu, Yuqin Guo
Summary: The stellite 12 layer was applied on H13 steel by laser cladding to increase the surface wear resistance at high temperature. The tribological performance of stellite 12 layer was compared with heat-treated H13 steel by dry sliding tests against boron steels with different coatings. The results showed that stellite 12 layer exhibited improved wear resistance and lower coefficients of friction and wear rates compared to heat-treated H13 steel.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jyrki Miettinen, Sami Koskenniska, Mahesh Somani, Seppo Louhenkilpi, Aarne Pohjonen, Jari Larkiola, Jukka Komi
Summary: New continuous cooling transformation equations have been optimized for calculating phase formation start temperatures and critical cooling rates in low-alloyed steels. The addition of new solute elements and more low-alloyed steels improved the validity of the equations, which were rigorously optimized and validated using experimental data in this study. The influence of solute elements on calculations and their relationship with literature recommendations were outlined through simulations and diagrams.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
J. P. Sanhueza, D. Rojas, J. Garcia, M. F. Melendrez, E. Toledo, F. M. Castro Cerda, C. Montalba, A. F. Jaramillo
Summary: This study found tungsten to be the rate-controlling element in the coarsening of (Cr, Fe, W)(23)C-6 carbides, though this differed in boron-containing steels. Some studies suggest that the low solubility of boron in ferrite promotes its enrichment in carbides, reducing the coarsening rate.
METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Igor Velkavrh, Joeel Voyer, Fevzi Kafexhiu, Bojan Podgornik
Summary: Coarsening of precipitates in 9-12 wt.% Cr steels significantly influences their creep, friction, and wear behaviors after aging, with the number and size of precipitates playing a crucial role in determining the mechanical properties of the steels. The study shows that prior to aging, the steel matrix morphology governs the creep rate and tribological performance, while after aging, the combination of the number and size of precipitates becomes an additional factor in determining the mechanical properties of the steels.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Undrakh Mishigdorzhiyn, Aleksandr Semenov, Nikolay Ulakhanov, Aleksandr Milonov, Dorzho Dasheev, Pavel Gulyashinov
Summary: This paper presents the results of electron beam surface alloying (EBSA) of H21 and L6 tool steels using treatment pastes containing boron carbide and aluminum powders. The microstructure, microhardness, wear resistance, and elemental and phase composition of the alloyed layers were investigated. The research is beneficial for various industries where high microhardness, wear resistance, and surface quality are required.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hao Shi, Hui Wang, Renate Fetzer, Annette Heinzel, Alfons Weisenburger, Kangli Wang, Adrian Jianu, Georg Mueller
Summary: By exposing three 9 wt% Cr ferrite/martensite steels to oxygen-controlled LBE, it was found that adding Si can decrease the thickness of the spinel layer, enhance the internal oxidation zone, and improve the scale adherence on Si-containing samples.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
S. Reyna, A. Bedolla-Jacuinde, F. V. Guerra, I. Mejia, M. Garcia
Summary: The study found that the addition of titanium resulted in a decrease in carbon content, promoting the formation of more martensitic matrix and primary TiC in the alloy. The best wear behavior was observed for the 3%Ti iron, as higher titanium amounts led to segregation of TiC particles in the eutectic zone. After heat treatment, secondary carbides improved the wear resistance, with the 3%Ti iron again exhibiting the best behavior due to the well distribution of primary TiC carbides within the matrix.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Pavel Gulyashinov, Undrakh Mishigdorzhiyn, Nikolay Ulakhanov
Summary: This study assessed the effect of low-temperature boriding and aluminizing on the structure and microhardness of diffusion layers on the surface of low-carbon steels. The results showed that both boriding and aluminizing processes significantly increased the microhardness of the samples and resulted in the formation of corresponding borides and aluminides. Additionally, the diffusion layer thickness of alloy steel was significantly smaller than that of low-carbon steel.
OBRABOTKA METALLOV-METAL WORKING AND MATERIAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Irina Fedorova, Flemming Bjerg Grumsen, John Hald, Hans-Olof Andren, Fang Liu
MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shanghong Duan, Fang Liu, Torbjorn Pettersson, Claudia Creighton, Leif E. Asp
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Johanna Xu, Wilhelm Johannisson, Marcus Johansen, Fang Liu, Dan Zenkert, Goran Lindbergh, Leif E. Asp
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
J. Eriksson, G. Sundell, P. Tejland, H-O Andren, M. Thuvander
Summary: This study used atom probe tomography to investigate the morphology of Fe and Ni clusters compared to Fe and Cr clusters in irradiated Zircaloy-2 exposed to high fast neutron fluence in a commercial boiling water reactor. Results showed that Fe-Ni clusters were disc-shaped with a diameter of 5-15 nm, while Fe-Cr clusters were spheroidal with a diameter of approximately 5 nm. Fe-Cr clusters exhibited higher Fe concentration than Fe-Ni clusters and appeared to be very small precipitates associated with dislocation loops.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Ren Qiu, Olof Backe, Dirk Stiens, Wiebke Janssen, Johannes Kuemmel, Thorsten Manns, Hans-Olof Andren, Mats Halvarsson
Summary: Rotational precursor gas supply induces oscillatory surface reaction leading to the formation of periodic nanolamella structure in TiAlN coatings, affecting the microstructure significantly. The periodicity of nanolamellae can be tuned by controlling the rotation speed relative to the coating growth rate.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Marcus Johansen, Christoph Schlueter, Pui Lam Tam, Leif E. Asp, Fang Liu
Summary: The study revealed the three-dimensional spatial distribution and chemical states of nitrogen in three types of PAN carbon fibers, and correlated the results with electrochemical performance, providing a pathway for future tailoring of carbon fiber microstructure for multifunctional applications.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Andrea Fazi, Hisham Aboulfadl, Anand H. S. Iyer, Mohammad Sattari, Krystyna Marta Stiller, Pratik Lokhande, Mattias Thuvander, Hans-Olof Andren
Summary: The study investigated the nature of the CS Cr-coating/Optimized ZIRLO (TM) interface, the microstructure of the coating, and the effects of the deposition on the Zr-substrate microstructure. Results showed that during coating deposition, the former surface of the Zr-substrate underwent significant microstructural changes, forming a highly deformed nano-crystalline microstructure, and a 10-20 nm thick intermixed bonding region was observed at the interface between coating and substrate.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Mohamed Ben Hassine, Hans-Olof Andren, Anand H. S. Iyer, Antiope Lotsari, Olof Backe, Dirk Stiens, Wiebke Janssen, Thorsten Manns, Johannes Kummel, Mats Halvarsson
Summary: This study investigated high Al-containing TixAl1-xN coatings prepared using low pressure-chemical vapour deposition (LP-CVD). The structure of TiAlN layer growth was found to be influenced by an intermediate TiN-layer. The growth of TiAlN layer could be controlled by manipulating the texture and morphology of the intermediate layer, such as TiN.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shanghong Duan, Anand H. S. Iyer, David Carlstedt, Florian Rittweger, Andrew Sharits, Calvin Maddox, Karl-Ragmar Riemschneider, David Mollenhauer, Magnus Colliander, Fang Liu, Leif E. Asp
Summary: This study investigates the moduli changes of carbon fibre electrodes under different lithiation states, revealing that the transverse modulus of the lithiated fibre is more than double that of the pristine and delithiated fibres.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Marcus Johansen, Fang Liu
Summary: This paper investigates the microstructure of carbon fibers and explores the potential and challenges of atom probe tomography in carbon fiber research, providing guidance for future studies.
MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Ren Qiu, Hisham Aboulfadl, Olof Backe, Dirk Stiens, Hans-Olof Andren, Mats Halvarsson
Summary: The microstructure and chemical content of nanolamella TiAlN coatings synthesized via low pressure chemical vapour deposition (LPCVD) were studied, revealing the presence of over- and under-stoichiometries of N in Ti(Al)N and Al(Ti)N lamellae, as well as trace amounts of Cl. Variations in composition, including metal and N vacancies, were found in both types of lamellae.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
S. Shoja, S. Norgren, H-O Andren, O. Backe, M. Halvarsson
Summary: Metal cutting with different CVD alpha-Al2O3 textures shows varying wear rates and deformation mechanisms, with homogeneous basal-slip dominating plastic deformation in (0001)-textured coatings and heterogeneous plastic deformation causing micro-rupture in (01 (1) over bar2) and (11 (2) over bar0) textures. Larger coating grain sizes result in wider ridges and valleys, but have limited effect on wear rate.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS & MANUFACTURE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Swathi K. Manchili, F. Liu, E. Hryha, L. Nyborg
Summary: This paper examines the influence of carbon coating on iron nanopowder used as a sintering aid for water-atomized iron powder. The results show that the carbon coating can improve the sintering performance and densification of the nanopowder.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Johanna Xu, Claudia Creighton, Marcus Johansen, Fang Liu, Shanghong Duan, David Carlstedt, Pablo Mota-Santiago, Peter Lynch, Leif E. Asp
Summary: Here we demonstrate carbon fibers with tailorable multifunctional properties for energy storage composites. Carbon fibers made from the same precursor but with different processing tensions are investigated. The applied tension during the stabilization/oxidation stage of fiber manufacturing determines the microstructure and the resulting mechanical and electrochemical performance. Understanding of the interconnected effects enables tailoring of fibers to function as electrodes in structural battery composites. The study reveals that both amorphous and crystalline phases affect the electrochemical capacity, as higher capacity is achieved by larger d-spacing as well as higher void content. Further, the study confirms the trade-off between high tensile strength and high electrochemical capacity that needs to be taken into consideration when designing multifunctional carbon fibers.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shanghong Duan, Martina Cattaruzza, Vinh Tu, Robert M. Auenhammer, Ralf Jaenicke, Mats K. G. Johansson, Fang Liu, Leif E. Asp
Summary: Structural batteries are composite materials that have the ability to bear mechanical load and store electrical energy. The key is a polymer electrolyte which conducts lithium ions through a liquid phase within a porous solid phase. The use of focused ion beam and scanning electron microscopy allows for the study of the three-dimensional structure of the porous battery electrolyte material and its transformation into finite element models to assess its porous structure and mechanical properties.
COMMUNICATIONS MATERIALS
(2023)
