Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lingfeng Zhou, Michael P. Brady, Wenyuan Li, Tim B. Eldred, Roberto Garcia, Zhipeng Zeng, Liang Ma, Yi Wang, Shanshan Hu, Xingbo Liu
Summary: The chromium evaporation and oxidation behaviors of alumina-forming austenitic stainless steels were systematically investigated. The AFA alloys showed lower chromium evaporation rates and higher oxidation resistance compared to 310S, due to the formation of a compact and stable inner alumina layer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lingfeng Zhou, Zhipeng Zeng, Michael P. Brady, Donovan N. Leonard, Harry M. Meyer III, Yukinori Yamamoto, Wenyuan Li, Greg Collins, Xingbo Liu
Summary: The study showed that the chromium evaporation rates of AFA alloys were 5 to 35 times lower than that of Cr2O3-forming alloys, and silicon contamination in the quartz tube was observed during testing.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mareddy Jayanth Reddy, Jan-Erik Svensson, Jan Froitzheim
Summary: This study investigated the performance of metallic materials in solid oxide fuel cells at high temperatures, revealing that the A197 alloy performed the best while AISI 441 and AISI 444 performed the worst. Pre-oxidation significantly improved the performance of the alloys at 650 degrees Celsius.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Mareddy Jayanth Reddy, Bartosz Kamecki, Belma Talic, Elisa Zanchi, Federico Smeacetto, John S. Hardy, Jung Pyung Choi, Lukasz Mazur, Robert Vassen, Soumendra N. Basu, Tomasz Brylewski, Jan-Erik Svensson, Jan Froitzheim
Summary: This study compares the performance of uncoated Crofer 22 APU and eight different coatings on Crofer 22 APU. After 3000 hours of testing at 800 degrees Celsius, the coated samples showed lower ASR values compared to the uncoated samples.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Lingfeng Zhou, Harry O. Finklea, Wenyuan Li, Wangying Shi, Michael P. Brady, Tim B. Eldred, Roberto Garcia, Hanchen Tian, Liang Ma, Yi Wang, Zhipeng Zeng, Xingbo Liu
Summary: This study analyzed the potential of Al2O3-forming austenitic (AFA) stainless steels as replacements for balance of plant (BoP) components in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The chromium (Cr) poisoning in anode supported cells (ASCs) coupled with various alloys was examined using the distribution of relaxation times (DRT). The deterioration of ASC performance was mainly attributed to increased polarization resistances caused by chemisorption of oxygen on the cathode and oxygen diffusion and reaction. ASCs coupled with AFA alloys showed superior performance due to the formation of a continuous alumina layer, which reduced the evaporated gaseous Cr species and alleviated Cr poisoning on the cathode region.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. J. Reddy, T. E. Chausson, J. E. Svensson, J. Froitzheim
Summary: This study investigates the performance of low-cost steels AISI 441, AISI 430, AISI 444, and AISI 409 in comparison to the high Cr steel Crofer 22 APU under simulated SOFC cathode conditions. Ce/Co-coated steels exhibit improved behavior compared to uncoated steels. The ASR of the coated low-cost steels is comparable to Crofer 22 APU, except for AISI 430 which forms a continuous silica layer resulting in higher ASR after 3000 hours.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Review
Thermodynamics
Steven B. Beale, Martin Andersson, Carlos Boigues-Munoz, Henrik L. Frandsen, Zijing Lin, Stephen J. McPhail, Meng Ni, Bengt Sunden, Andre Weber, Adam Z. Weber
Summary: Solid oxide cells are a promising technology for energy conversion, capable of converting hydrogen-rich fuels into electrical energy or storing energy from transient resources. To compete in the market, improving reliability, extending product lifecycles, and reducing costs are essential. Mathematical models provide insights into physical phenomena and performance, but accurate parameterization and validation through experimental methods are crucial for model reliability.
PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jia-Lin Kang, Chien-Cheng Wang, David Shan-Hill Wong, Shi-Shang Jang, Chun-Hsiu Wang
Summary: This study presented a dynamic digital twin model of a 25 kW SOFC plant to help operators determine operating conditions safely and stably. The digital twin was validated by steady-state data and applied to on-site operation prediction with high accuracy. It effectively assists operators in determining operation strategies using simulations.
JOURNAL OF THE TAIWAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jun Li, Yujun Zhang, Kai Zhao, San Ping Jiang, Min Chen
Summary: In this paper, the authors study the characteristics of chromium evaporation, oxide scale growth, and deposition of chromium on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on (La,Sr)MnO3 (LSM) cathode in intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells. The results indicate that the volatilization of chromium is influenced by the composition and morphology of the oxide scale, and the deposition of chromium on the LSM cathode degrades the electrochemical activity of the ORR. These findings provide insights into the mechanism of chromium poisoning in intermediate-temperature conditions.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Ceramics
Teruhisa Horita
Summary: This paper discusses the crucial challenge of prolonged durability in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell systems, focusing on volatile chromium species poisoning. Through chemical reactions and electrochemical reduction, the interactions between perovskite oxide cathode surface and volatile Cr species are studied. The paper proposes solutions and analyzes recovery mechanisms, providing insights for new material combinations in next-generation SOFCs.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiongyuan Huang, Quan Liu, San Ping Jiang, Ling Zhao, Na Ai, Xin Wang, Yanqun Shao, Chengzhi Guan, Huihuang Fang, Yu Luo, Kongfa Chen
Summary: The infiltration of BaCO3 nanoparticles improves the performance of LSCF cathodes and enhances their tolerance to Cr species.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Roberto Spotorno, Daniele Paravidino, Simona Delsante, Paolo Piccardo
Summary: In this study, a photospectrometric method was used to quantify chromium evaporation from AISI 441 ferritic stainless steel. The results showed a thermally activated process with an activation energy at 218.3 kJ.mol(- 1) and parabolic evolution over time at 650 and 750 degrees C. However, a linear trend was observed at 850 degrees C, indicating a change in the evaporation kinetics. The diffusion-evaporation model was applied and compared to the experimental data, highlighting the role of chromium cation diffusion in the evaporation process.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Yuan Gao, Xiqiang Huang, Mengke Yuan, Juntao Gao, Zhe Wang, Zhe Lv, Lingling Xu, Bo Wei
Summary: In this study, a potential chromium-tolerant cathode SCFTTN52111 is proposed and investigated. The electrochemical activity of pristine SCT91 cathode degrades rapidly in the presence of volatile chromium species. In contrast, SCFTTN52111 performs stably, which is closely related to the enhanced structural stability by medium-entropy engineering and reduced surface Sr segregations.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Nina Schrodl, Andreas Egger, Judith Lammer, Ferdinand Hofer, Werner Sitte
Summary: Long-term stability tests on Pr2NiO4+delta air electrodes were conducted at 800 degrees C, revealing good stability under dry conditions but decreased performance in a humid environment with chromium introduction. Post-test analyses showed a correlation between Cr-deposition extent and electrode degradation, supporting enhanced resilience of Pr2NiO4+delta against Cr-poisoning in SOEC mode.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ibrahim B. Mansir, Ehab Hussein Bani Hani, Nazaruddin Sinaga, Mansur Aliyu, Naeim Farouk, Dinh Duc Nguyen
Summary: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the performance and optimize the design of a multigeneration energy system that includes power generation, cooling, and freshwater. Using thermodynamic modeling and a genetic algorithm, the optimal design points were determined, and machine learning techniques were employed to reduce computing time and costs. The optimization revealed significant improvements in exergy and energy effectiveness while lowering the total cost rate.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)