Article
Agronomy
Barbara Simon, Krisztina Bozine Pullai, Dora Selmeczi, Andras Sebok, Franciska Tothne Bogdanyi, Tsedekech G. Weldmichael, Mihaly Zalai, Justine Phenson Nsima, Ferenc Toth
Summary: This study investigated the impact of mulching on soil and organisms and found that grass vegetation provided a more suitable environment for earthworms compared to mulched plots. It suggests leaving uncultivated and uncovered patches as biodiversity corridors in agricultural production on grasslands.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Fatma El-Zahraa A. Abd El-Aziz, May S. Ismail, Ahmad El Askary, Attalla F. El-Kott, Ahmed A. Tantawy
Summary: Excessive exposure to UV-A rays can cause serious health consequences such as malignant melanoma and skin cancer. This study aimed to protect the skin from UV-A radiation damage by using spider silk extract. The results showed that the spidroin extract can protect earthworms from UV-A damage and promote regeneration.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Juan C. Sanchez-Hernandez, Cristobal Narvaez, Ximena Andrade Cares, Pablo Sabat, Ravi Naidu
Summary: Earthworms are being studied for their potential in bioremediation due to their impact on pollutant fate. Different earthworm species have varying sensitivities and capacities to break down contaminants, and Lumbricus terrestris is the most suitable species for bioremediation of OP-contaminated soil due to its higher levels of detoxification enzymes and oxidative homeostasis mechanisms compared to Eisenia fetida andAporrectodea caliginosa. These findings suggest L. terrestris as a better candidate for soil bioremediation than epigeic earthworms.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Fatina Jouni, Corinne Brouchoud, Yvan Capowiez, Juan C. Sanchez-Hernandez, Magali Rault
Summary: Earthworms play a crucial role in soil toxicity testing but little is known about their pesticide metabolic capacities. This study compared the enzyme activity levels in two common earthworm species and assessed their vulnerability to pesticide exposure. The results showed differences in sensitivity to pesticides between in vitro and in vivo trials, suggesting other mechanisms may be involved in pesticide toxicity in endogeic earthworms.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mingjing Ke, Yizhi Ye, Zhenyan Zhang, Michael Gillings, Qian Qu, Nuohan Xu, Lusheng Xu, Tao Lu, Jiade Wang, Haifeng Qian
Summary: The study found that multiwall carbon nanotubes may exhibit unpredictable synergistic effects with agricultural chemicals such as glyphosate, leading to significant impacts on plant growth. This effect could be due to the accumulation of glyphosate resulting from the permeability and transportability of the nanotubes. Therefore, caution should be exercised in the agricultural use of nanotubes.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Paola Bambina, Alberto Spinella, Giuseppe Lo Papa, Delia Francesca Chillura Martino, Paolo Lo Meo, Onofrio Corona, Luciano Cinquanta, Pellegrino Conte
Summary: The soil effect on the micro-component composition of Nero d'Avola wines obtained from different locations was investigated using 1H NMR-based metabolomics. The study found that the differences among wines were not only due to the concentrations of various analytes but also to the characteristics of the H-bond network. Furthermore, the H-bond network was found to be related to the soil properties.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Tahir Sheikh, Zahoor Baba, Sadaf Iqbal, Basharat Hamid, Fehim J. Wani, M. Anwar Bhat, Sheikh Suhail
Summary: The study demonstrates that vermicomposting using mixtures of Dalweed and cow manure can significantly improve the chemical properties of castings, increase earthworm population and biomass, and enhance beneficial activities such as dehydrogenase and urease.
Article
Ecology
Jeannette M. Kister, Christopher N. Lowe, Kevin R. Butt
Summary: This study investigates the toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on endogeic earthworms. The results demonstrate that high concentrations of AgNPs have negative effects on earthworm biomass and mortality, while silver sulphide does not have a discernible effect. Additionally, earthworms show a preference for soil without AgNPs or silver sulphide. These findings have important implications for the application of AgNPs in agricultural fields.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hong Zou, Caihua Huang, Lin Zhou, Ruohan Lu, Yimin Zhang, Donghai Lin
Summary: This study found that TMAO treatment can partially alleviate H2O2-induced oxidative stress damage to cells, protect C2C12 myoblasts through improving cell viability and increasing superoxide dismutase capacity, and partially reverse the altered metabolite levels and improve cell membrane integrity caused by H2O2 treatment.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nuno G. C. Ferreira, Karlo Alves da Silva, Ana Tereza Bittencourt Guimaraes, Cintia Mara Ribas de Oliveira
Summary: This study presents a literature review on the occurrence of glyphosate and its breakdown product AMPA in soils worldwide, with a focus on South America. It evaluates the ecological risk and human health risk associated with these chemicals and finds that South America is of greatest concern. The findings have implications for global food exporters.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Soil Science
A. Dominguez, L. A. Gabbarini, M. P. Rodriguez, H. J. Escudero, L. G. Wall, J. C. Bedano
Summary: The study demonstrates that different crop rotations can influence earthworm activity, with varying effects of different crop residues on soil enzymatic activity, and a strong positive relationship among enzymes related to carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus acquisition in earthworms.
APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Maaria Kortesniemi, Carolyn M. Slupsky, Anna-Katariina Aatsinki, Jari Sinkkonen, Linnea Karlsson, Kaisa M. Linderborg, Baoru Yang, Hasse Karlsson, Henna-Maria Kailanto
Summary: The study found that prenatal psychological distress was positively associated with short-chain fatty acids, caprate, and hypoxanthine concentrations in human milk, while milk cortisol was positively associated with lactate concentration. These results suggest that changes in maternal psychological distress and milk cortisol levels can affect the metabolome of human milk.
Article
Ecology
Claire Brami, Guenola Peres, Safya Menasseri-Aubry, Jane Darcy Byers-Woods, Thierry Jacquet, Christopher Nathan Lowe
Summary: The study found that Miscanthus ash had no significant impact on the survival, biomass, and reproduction of earthworms, but negative trends were observed for biomass from 2.5 t ha(-1) and for reproduction from 10 t ha(-1). Significant avoidance responses were observed in the 25 and 50 t ha(-1) treatment.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Audrey Barranger, Christophe Klopp, Barbara Le Bot, Gaelle Saramito, Lise Dupont, Stephanie Llopis, Claudia Wiegand, Francoise Binet
Summary: Diffuse pollution of the environment by pesticides has led to a decline in non-target organisms such as earthworms. However, some earthworm species have developed tolerance to long-term exposure to pesticides in intensively cultivated fields. This study investigated the tolerance of Aporrectodea caliginosa earthworm populations from conventionally managed and organically managed fields by studying differentially expressed molecular pathways and physiological traits. The results showed distinct gene expression pathways related to metabolism in the population exposed to high levels of pesticides, providing insights into the long-term impact of chronic pesticide exposure on soil engineers.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Horticulture
Cristiano Soares, Pedro Mateus, Fernanda Fidalgo, Ruth Pereira
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the role of soil organic matter (OM) in preventing glyphosate (GLY) phytotoxicity on tomato plants. The results suggest that soils with higher OM content (10% and 15%) can mitigate the non-target phytotoxicity of GLY, possibly by decreasing herbicide bioavailability and/or stimulating defense mechanisms, thereby improving crop growth and physiological performance.
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhiqian Liu, Simone Rochfort
Summary: Regioisomers of triacylglycerols in milk have differential effects on human absorption, but quantifying their ratios remains challenging due to the lack of easy chromatographic separation techniques. This study confirmed the feasibility of using fragment ion intensity ratio to determine regioisomer pairs and demonstrated the ability of C30 stationary phase in resolving interfering isomers. The research proposed a novel algorithm to consider double bond isomers and eliminate interference from isobaric ions, presenting a simple LC-MS method suitable for genetic analysis of milk samples.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Delphine Vincent, AnhDuyen Bui, Doris Ram, Vilnis Ezernieks, Frank Bedon, Joe Panozzo, Pankaj Maharjan, Simone Rochfort, Hans Daetwyler, Matthew Hayden
Summary: This study optimized a LC-MS shotgun quantitative proteomics method to screen wheat genotypes for breeding lines with better performance. A large number of wheat proteins were identified using this method, and data mining tools were used to explore the flour proteome.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cheng Li, Zhiqian Liu, Carolyn Bath, Leah Marett, Jennie Pryce, Simone Rochfort
Summary: This paper presents an optimized protocol combining 3-NPH derivatization and LC-MS analysis to quantify SCFA and BHBA in bovine milk and serum. The method is sensitive, accurate, reproducible, and has a short sample preparation step. Applying this method to samples reveals significant variation in SCFA concentration between milk and serum, as well as strong correlations between some SCFAs in milk and serum samples.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jonathan Tran, Aaron C. Elkins, German C. Spangenberg, Simone J. Rochfort
Summary: This study presents a rapid and high-throughput liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for quantitating cannabinoids. The method covers 16 different cannabinoid compounds and achieves faster analysis compared to existing methods mentioned in the literature.
Article
Microbiology
Krishni Fernando, Priyanka Reddy, German C. Spangenberg, Simone J. Rochfort, Kathryn M. Guthridge
Summary: Asexual species of the genus Epichloe form endosymbiotic associations with Pooidae grasses and provide multiple benefits, such as improved growth, stress tolerance, pest deterrence, and disease resistance. However, research on the antimicrobial metabolites produced by these endophytic fungi is limited.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Krishni Fernando, Priyanka Reddy, Kathryn M. Guthridge, German C. Spangenberg, Simone J. Rochfort
Summary: The study focuses on the potential of Epichloe endophytes in enhancing resistance against environmental stressors and the production of antifungal metabolites. The authors identified 61 metabolites responsible for the observed bioactivity and confirmed that NEA12 and NEA23 strains produce these metabolites. These findings have implications in improving disease control and productivity in pastoral agriculture.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Priyanka Reddy, Tim Plozza, Vilnis Ezernieks, Dario Stefanelli, Alessio Scalisi, Ian Goodwin, Simone Rochfort
Summary: This study identifies the metabolic pathways and plant hormones associated with floral induction in biennial bearing apple cultivars using metabolomics analysis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Priyanka Reddy, Kathryn M. Guthridge, Joe Panozzo, Emma J. Ludlow, German C. Spangenberg, Simone J. Rochfort
Summary: Near-infrared spectroscopy coupled to hyperspectral imaging has widened its application in various industries, particularly in the analysis of seed quality in agriculture.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aaron C. Elkins, Simone J. Rochfort, Pankaj Maharjan, Joe Panozzo
Summary: This study developed a rapid high-throughput LC-MS method for analyzing the anti-nutritional compounds vicine and convicine in faba beans. The method uses less starting material, eliminates the need for buffers and organic chemicals, and improves precision and accuracy compared to current methods.
Article
Agronomy
Zhiqian Liu, Vilnis Ezernieks, AnhDuyen Bui, Christian Krill, Marlie Wright, Simone Rochfort
Summary: Accurate measurement of dry matter intake (DMI) is crucial for evaluating the performance of dairy cows. The current n-alkane technique for estimating DMI is complex, time-consuming and low throughput. We propose a simplified and miniaturised protocol that improves measurement efficiency and reduces costs.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Priyanka Reddy, Joe Panozzo, Kathryn M. Guthridge, German C. Spangenberg, Simone J. Rochfort
Summary: Using NIR-HSI, researchers were able to distinguish the presence of NEA12 fungal endophyte and different cultivars of perennial ryegrass seed. This study demonstrates the potential of NIR-HSI reflectance data for discrimination and identification purposes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Simone Vassiliadis, Priyanka Reddy, Joanne Hemsworth, German C. Spangenberg, Kathryn M. Guthridge, Simone J. Rochfort
Summary: Perennial ryegrass commonly infected with asexual Epichloe species endophytes produces alkaloids that provide enhanced bioprotection. However, the distribution of alkaloids within the plant and their role in biocontrol of insect pests and diseases are not well understood. This study used LC-MS to measure alkaloid concentrations in different tissues, revealing that concentrations were generally highest in seeds but varied in shoots/roots. Understanding alkaloid distribution may assist in determining resistance to subterranean root-feeding pests.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Cheng Li, Zhiqian Liu, Leah Marett, Jennie Pryce, Simone Rochfort
Summary: Milk is a rich source of lipids, and LC-MS is the predominant technique for lipid identification and quantification. However, no standard methods are currently available for the quantification of milk phospholipids. This study aims to examine the factors influencing the quantification outcome of bovine milk phospholipids and discuss the pros and cons of current LC-MS methods.
Article
Plant Sciences
Erez Naim-Feil, Aaron C. C. Elkins, M. Michelle Malmberg, Doris Ram, Jonathan Tran, German C. C. Spangenberg, Simone J. J. Rochfort, Noel O. I. Cogan
Summary: This study investigates the factors determining the cannabinoid profile of cannabis plants and explores the relationship between plant features, inflorescence morphology, and cannabinoid content. The study finds that there are differences in the cannabinoid profile within genotypes, with qualitative traits remaining fairly stable and quantitative traits varying significantly. It is suggested that selecting plants with a vigorous growth rate, tall stature, and wide inflorescences can increase overall cannabinoid production. Finally, the study proposes a model for predicting cannabinoid production based on physiological and phenological features.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jonathan Tran, Simone Vassiliadis, Aaron C. Elkins, Noel O. I. Cogan, Simone J. Rochfort
Summary: Cannabis cultivation for therapeutic and recreational purposes is growing, and the main cannabinoids of interest are CBD and THC. Near-infrared spectroscopy coupled with liquid chromatography reference data has achieved rapid and nondestructive determination of cannabinoid levels. However, most literature focuses on predicting decarboxylated cannabinoids, such as THC and CBD, rather than naturally occurring analogues like THCA and CBDA. Accurate prediction of these acidic cannabinoids is important for quality control in the cannabis industry.