Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shima Taherkhani, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Ruheea Taskin Ruhee
Summary: The excessive consumption of nutrients, especially fast-foods, and a sedentary lifestyle are leading causes of obesity associated with oxidative stress (OS). Antioxidant supplements are highly regarded for their ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) in improving obesity. However, inconsistent results from studies on animal response to antioxidant supplements suggest a need for further research, especially in humans.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pamela A. Nono Nankam, Telesphore B. Nguelefack, Julia H. Goedecke, Matthias Blueher
Summary: Adipose tissue storage capacity is crucial for whole-body homeostasis, but dysregulation due to sustained nutrient overflow in obesity may lead to adipocytes hypertrophy, hypoxia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Differences in fat accumulation and function between ethnicities, along with higher systemic oxidative stress levels, may contribute to the increased susceptibility to metabolic diseases in African women.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ruth Naomi, Soo Huat Teoh, Hashim Embong, Santhra Segaran Balan, Fezah Othman, Hasnah Bahari, Muhammad Dain Yazid
Summary: Obesity is characterized by chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, which contribute to brain atrophy and cognitive impairments. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies examining the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in obesity-related cognitive decline. This review aims to summarize the current evidence regarding the impact of oxidative stress and inflammation on cognitive impairments in obesity.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ernesto Martinez-Martinez, Francisco V. Souza-Neto, Sara Jimenez-Gonzalez, Victoria Cachofeiro
Summary: Obesity can affect the structure of different components of the vascular system, leading to vascular remodeling such as thickening of the media layer, which can trigger issues like endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffness, affecting tissue perfusion in multiple tissues and organs.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chak Kwong Cheng, Huanyu Ding, Minchun Jiang, Huiyong Yin, Maik Gollasch, Yu Huang
Summary: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) refers to the aggregate of adipose tissue surrounding the vasculature, exhibiting the phenotypes of white, beige and brown adipocytes. PVAT is actively involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and inflammation in the vascular system. The phenotype-genotype of PVAT varies in different regions of the vasculature and plays a role in cardiovascular pathogenesis. Treatments targeting PVAT may provide new therapeutic insights for cardiovascular diseases.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Pamela A. Nono Nankam, Manuel Cornely, Nora Kloeting, Matthias Blueher
Summary: Lipedema is a model for healthy expandability of subcutaneous adipose tissue, characterized by disproportional and symmetrical accumulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue in the lower-body parts and extremities. Women with lipedema have better glucose metabolism regulation and higher adiponectin levels, but also higher total cholesterol, LDL-C, inflammation, and oxidative stress markers compared to controls.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julian Schwaerzler, Lisa Mayr, Bernhard Radlinger, Felix Grabherr, Maureen Philipp, Bernhard Texler, Christoph Grander, Andreas Ritsch, Monika Hunjadi, Barbara Enrich, Karin Salzmann, Qitao Ran, Lukas A. Huber, Herbert Tilg, Susanne Kaser, Timon E. Adolph
Summary: This study investigates the function of adipocyte GPX4 in mammalian metabolism. The results demonstrate that GPX4 expression is regulated during adipocyte differentiation and plays a protective role against oxidative perturbation and expression of inflammatory cytokines in adipocytes. In a mouse model lacking GPX4, adipose tissue hypertrophy, glucose intolerance, hepatic insulin resistance, and systemic low-grade inflammation were observed. The study concludes that adipocyte GPX4 protects against metabolic dysregulation and inflammation independent from ferroptosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michelatonio De Fano, Desiree Bartolini, Cristina Tortoioli, Cristiana Vermigli, Massimo Malara, Francesco Galli, Giuseppe Murdolo
Summary: This article summarizes the potential mechanisms by which adaptive changes to variations of energy balance may impair adipose plasticity and promote fat organ dysfunction. It also discusses the impact of perturbing the adipose microenvironment on the development of cardio-metabolic complications, focusing on adipose lipoxidation, inflammation, and cellular senescence. The scientific rationale for proposing adipose organ plasticity as a target to curb/prevent adiposity-linked cardio-metabolic complications is also presented.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sahar Khateeb, Aishah Albalawi, Adel Alkhedaide
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of diosgenin (DG) on oxidative stress and inflammation in mice fed with a high-fat diet. The results showed that DG increased antioxidant levels, reduced oxidative stress and inflammation factors, and restored histopathological changes in adipose tissues caused by high-fat consumption.
DIABETES METABOLIC SYNDROME AND OBESITY-TARGETS AND THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jian Yu, Xin Chen, Yuanjin Zhang, Xiangdi Cui, Zhe Zhang, Wenxiu Guo, Dongmei Wang, Shengbo Huang, Yanru Chen, Yepeng Hu, Cheng Zhao, Jin Qiu, Yu Li, Meiyao Meng, Mingwei Guo, Fei Shen, Mengdi Zhang, Ben Zhou, Xuejiang Gu, Jiqiu Wang, Xin Wang, Xinran Ma, Lingyan Xu
Summary: This study demonstrates that azithromycin, a type of macrolide antibiotics, inhibits the functionality of brown and beige adipocytes. Azithromycin accumulates in adipose tissue of obese patients and is associated with BMI and body weight. The antibiotic impairs mitochondrial function in brown and beige adipocytes through inhibiting mitochondrial respiratory complex I and increasing ROS levels.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Israelle Netto Freitas, Joel Alves da Silva Jr, Kenia Moreno de Oliveira, Bruna Lourenconi Alves, Thiago Dos Reis Araujo, Joao Paulo Camporez, Everardo Magalhaes Carneiro, Ana Paula Davel
Summary: Adipose tissue, an organ with metabolic and endocrine activity, undergoes morphological, functional, and molecular changes during obesity. The ER stress inhibitor TUDCA has shown therapeutic potential in minimizing adipose tissue dysfunction and metabolic alterations associated with obesity. Specifically, TUDCA has been demonstrated to inhibit ER stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in adipocytes, and may have cardiovascular protective effects through its influence on perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) function and adiponectin release.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amanda J. Croft, Conagh Kelly, Dongqing Chen, Tatt Jhong Haw, Aaron L. Sverdlov, Doan T. M. Ngo
Summary: Obesity is associated with various metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases, causing increased hospitalizations, morbidity, and mortality. Dysfunction of adipose tissue due to chronic nutrient stress can lead to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, hypoxia, and insulin resistance. This study aimed to reduce adipose tissue oxidative stress by overexpressing the antioxidant mitochondrial catalase (mCAT) in adipose tissue to improve systemic metabolic function. The results showed that the AdipoQ-mCAT mice were protected from further metabolic impairment under obesogenic dietary conditions compared to obese wild-type mice, highlighting the critical role of physiological H2O2 signaling in metabolism and adipose tissue function.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guan Huang, Cuishan Yang, Sheng Guo, Miaoling Huang, Liping Deng, Ying Huang, Puxin Chen, Feng Chen, Xiaohong Huang
Summary: This study reveals the crucial role of PIP5K1c in regulating obesity, hyperlipidaemia, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance induced by a high fat diet. PIP5K1c deficiency reduces adipocyte volume and enhances energy expenditure, protecting against weight gain. These findings suggest that targeting PIP5K1c could be a potential strategy for treating obesity.
LIPIDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tiantian Xue, Hejie Xu, Yanhui Du, Jialuo Ding, Yu Su, Zhenkun Lin
Summary: This study presents a novel approach to induce browning of white adipocytes using gold nanoclusters mediated electromagnetic induction heating. Treatment with Apt-AuNCs/EIH increased mitochondrial activity and reduced triglyceride content in adipocytes, while also upregulating key genes involved in browning. This method provides an interesting and efficient channel for obesity treatment.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ruping Pan, Yong Chen
Summary: Obesity is characterized by the overaccumulation of white adipose tissue in the body, leading to various metabolic disorders. Targeting human thermogenic adipose tissues shows promise in combating obesity.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Sachiyo Fukushima, Nobuto Nakanishi, Kazumichi Fujioka, Kenichi Suga, Taku Shirakawa, Kayo Osawa, Kanako Hara, Rie Tsutsumi, Maki Urushihara, Ryuji Nakagawa, Hiroyuki Awano, Jun Oto, Hiroshi Sakaue, Kazumoto Iijima, Masafumi Matsuo
Summary: This study investigated the changes in urinary titin N-fragment levels in infants with postmenstrual age, revealing an exponential decline with postmenstrual age and a significant increase in catabolic state in preterm infants.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kana Beppu, Rie Tsutsumi, Satoshi Ansai, Nana Ochiai, Mai Terakawa, Marie Mori, Masashi Kuroda, Kazuki Horikawa, Takumi Tomoi, Joe Sakamoto, Yasuhiro Kamei, Kiyoshi Naruse, Hiroshi Sakaue
Summary: This study established an engineered strain of medaka that allows direct visualization of taste receptor expression and identified potential therapeutic agents for dysgeusia. The findings provide new insights and tools for the treatment of taste disorders.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chisayo Kozuka, Vissarion Efthymiou, Vicencia M. Sales, Liyuan Zhou, Soravis Osataphan, Yixing Yuchi, Jeremy Chimene-Weiss, Christopher Mulla, Elvira Isganaitis, Jessica Desmond, Suzuka Sanechika, Joji Kusuyama, Laurie Goodyear, Xu Shi, Robert E. Gerszten, Cristina Aguayo-Mazzucato, Priscila Carapeto, Silvania DaSilva Teixeira, Darleen Sandoval, Direna Alonso-Curbelo, Lei Wu, Jun Qi, Mary-Elizabeth Patti
Summary: The study reveals that bromodomain-containing proteins (Brds) play a role in epigenetic regulation of glucose metabolism. Treatment with the bromodomain inhibitor JQ-1 leads to hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in mice, while reducing insulin secretion. It also inhibits fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling in the liver and reduces FGF15 expression in the ileum. Brd4 is identified as a novel transcriptional regulator of intestinal FGF15/19 and contributes to the gut-liver axis and systemic glucose metabolism.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Amanda Sheehan, Allison Goldfine, Muhammed Bajwa, Danielle Wolfs, Chisayo Kozuka, Jacqueline Piper, Kristen Fowler, Mary Elizabeth Patti
Summary: In post-bariatric hypoglycaemia patients, pramlintide does not alter glycemic or insulin responses, satiety, or dumping scores during a mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT) and does not affect glycemic excursions or decrease low sensor glucose (SG) levels in the outpatient setting.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Hirofumi Tenshin, Jumpei Teramachi, Mohannad Ashtar, Masahiro Hiasa, Yusuke Inoue, Asuka Oda, Kotaro Tanimoto, So Shimizu, Yoshiki Higa, Takeshi Harada, Masahiro Oura, Kimiko Sogabe, Tomoyo Hara, Ryohei Sumitani, Tomoko Maruhashi, Mayu Sebe, Rie Tsutsumi, Hiroshi Sakaue, Itsuro Endo, Toshio Matsumoto, Eiji Tanaka, Masahiro Abe
Summary: LLZ can alleviate inflammation and bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting the formation and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and suppressing the production of TNF-alpha and IL-6.
CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jae-Su Moon, Matthew Riopel, Jong Bae Seo, Vicente Herrero-Aguayo, Roi Isaac, Yun Sok Lee
Summary: Increased metabolic stress in obesity leads to mitochondrial damage and beta-cell dysfunction. Beta-cells initially exhibit enhanced insulin secretion to compensate for insulin resistance. Research shows that beta-cells can upregulate antioxidant gene expression through hypoxia inducible factor 2 alpha, protecting against mitochondrial damage caused by reactive oxygen species.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Joji Kusuyama, Nathan S. Makarewicz, Brent G. Albertson, Ana Barbara Alves-Wagner, Royce H. Conlin, Noah B. Prince, Christiano R. R. Alves, Krithika Ramachandran, Chisayo Kozuka, Yang Xiudong, Yang Xia, Michael F. Hirshman, Toshihisa Hatta, Ryoichi Nagatomi, Eva S. Nozik, Laurie J. Goodyear
Summary: Maternal exercise is a promising intervention to reduce the transmission of multigenerational metabolic dysfunction caused by maternal obesity. It benefits offspring health through DNA demethylation of critical hepatic genes. The effects of maternal obesity and exercise on histone methylation in offspring are not known.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yun Sok Lee
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Takahiro Seki, Yunlong Yang, Xiaoting Sun, Sharon Lim, Sisi Xie, Ziheng Guo, Wenjing Xiong, Masashi Kuroda, Hiroshi Sakaue, Kayoko Hosaka, Xu Jing, Masahito Yoshihara, Lili Qu, Xin Li, Yuguo Chen, Yihai Cao
Summary: Exposure to cold conditions inhibits the growth of various types of solid tumors by decreasing blood glucose and impeding glycolysis-based metabolism in cancer cells. Cold exposure also reduces glucose uptake in tumor tissue. These findings provide a new concept and paradigm for cancer therapy using a simple and effective approach.
Editorial Material
Immunology
Yun Sok Lee, Jerrold Olefsky
Summary: In this study published in Immunity, Wang et al. demonstrate that hepatic macrophages can prevent the development of NASH by engulfing dying lipid-laden hepatocytes through a process called efferocytosis.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bingzi Dong, Masahiro Hiasa, Yoshiki Higa, Yukiyo Ohnishi, Itsuro Endo, Takeshi Kondo, Yuichi Takashi, Maria Tsoumpra, Risa Kainuma, Shun Sawatsubashi, Hiroshi Kiyonari, Go Shioi, Hiroshi Sakaue, Tomoki Nakashima, Shigeaki Kato, Masahiro Abe, Seiji Fukumoto, Toshio Matsumoto
Summary: In this study, the authors identify interleukin-11 as a mediator of bone-adipose crosstalk during mechanical loading of the bone. They demonstrate that interleukin-11 secreted by the bone controls both osteogenesis and systemic adiposity in response to mechanical loading. The findings provide important insights into the understanding of osteoporosis and metabolic syndromes.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yong Geun Jeon, Ye Young Kim, Gung Lee, Jae Bum Kim
Summary: Lipids are essential metabolites that serve as energy sources, structural components, and signaling mediators. Lipogenesis plays a crucial role in metabolic, immune, and nervous systems, and abnormal lipogenesis can lead to various diseases. This review discusses the regulatory mechanisms, physiological roles, pathological importance, and therapeutic implications of lipogenesis in different tissues.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Takahiro Kato, Satoshi Kamiya, Soshi Narasaki, Ayako Sumii, Yasuo M. Tsutsumi, Kyoka Machida, Kanako Hara, Yuna Izumi-Mishima, Rie Tsutsumi, Hiroshi Sakaue
Summary: The consumption of partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) can improve the gut environment, alleviate the negative effects of H1N1 influenza virus infection, by promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), inhibiting the increase of inflammatory cytokines, and enhancing natural killer cell activity and regulatory T-cell differentiation.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Masato Tagi, Mari Tajiri, Yasuhiro Hamada, Yoshifumi Wakata, Xiao Shan, Kazumi Ozaki, Masanori Kubota, Sosuke Amano, Hiroshi Sakaue, Yoshiko Suzuki, Jun Hirose
Summary: This study compared the accuracy of estimation of leftover liquid food using an artificial intelligence (AI)-based model with visual estimation. The results showed that the AI estimation method achieved a smaller mean absolute error and root mean squared error, and a larger coefficient of determination (R-2) for liquid food compared to visual estimation. However, the accuracy of AI estimation in estimating staple food leftovers needs improvement.
JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yuya Ikezumi, Yasushi Matsuura, Teruhiro Morishita, Noriko Ide, Isao Kitada, Takafumi Katayama, Rie Tsutsumi, Hiroshi Sakaue, Yutaka Taketani, Koichi Sairyo, Eiji Takeda
Summary: This study examined the changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels after daily intake of 1000 IU vitamin D for 3 months, 6 months, and then a cessation of vitamin D intake for 6 months. The results showed a significant increase in serum 25(OH)D levels after 3 months of intake, maintenance of higher levels after 6 months of intake, and a decrease after 6 months of cessation. The study suggests that a daily intake of 1000 IU vitamin D can maintain higher levels of 25(OH)D without causing vitamin D intoxication.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Emilie Steinbach, Davide Masi, Agnes Ribeiro, Patricia Serradas, Tiphaine Le Roy, Karine Clement
Summary: The study of the gut microbiome is crucial for understanding and treating metabolic diseases. While research on the fecal microbiome has provided valuable insights, relying solely on this may not be enough to draw comprehensive conclusions. The microbiome in the proximal part of the small intestine may play a significant role in metabolic regulation, but further exploration is needed due to limited accessibility.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2024)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Evangelia Chavdoula, Vollter Anastas, Alessandro La Ferlita, Julian Aldana, Giuseppe Carota, Mariarita Spampinato, Burak Soysal, Ilaria Cosentini, Sameer Parashar, Anuvrat Sircar, Giovanni Nigita, Lalit Sehgal, Michael A. Freitas, Philip N. Tsichlis
Summary: This study reveals the important role of KDM2B in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). KDM2B affects cellular resistance to oxidative stress by regulating a network of genes and metabolic enzymes, in collaboration with ATF4 and MYC. Additionally, high expression of KDM2B is associated with poor prognosis in patients.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2024)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Joongmin Kim, Hyeongsoo Kim, Sang Hyun Park, Yura Kang, Kyungdo Han, Sang-Hak Lee
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the optimal LDL-C level after statin therapy in individuals with intermediate cardiovascular risk. The results showed that achieving LDL-C levels <120 mg/dL after statin therapy could lower the event risk.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2024)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ze Chen, Li -Ping Xia, Lang Shen, Dan Xu, Yu Guo, Hui Wang
Summary: Accumulating evidence suggests that NAFLD has an intrauterine origin, with adverse prenatal environments and glucocorticoid exposure playing a crucial role in the developmental programming of fetal hepatic lipid metabolism. The offspring's glucocorticoid-insulin-like growth factor 1 (GC-IGF1) axis is programmed in utero, leading to postnatal catch-up growth and disrupted glucose and lipid metabolism, increasing susceptibility to NAFLD. Mismatch between intrauterine and postnatal environments can further disturb the programmed endocrine axes and accelerate the onset of NAFLD.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2024)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Fuwen Zuo, Youzhao Wang, Xinlei Xu, Ruihao Ding, Wei Tang, Yu Sun, Xiaojie Wang, Yan Zhang, Jichao Wu, Yusheng Xie, Min Liu, Ziying Wang, Fan Yi
Summary: This study investigates the role of CCDC92 in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The expression of CCDC92 was found to increase in kidney biopsies from patients with DKD and was correlated with glomerular lipid accumulation. Animal studies further confirmed the induction of CCDC92 in the kidney, particularly in podocytes, and the podocyte-specific deletion of Ccdc92 ameliorated podocyte injury and lipid deposition. CCDC92 was shown to promote podocyte lipotoxicity through ABCA1 signaling-mediated lipid homeostasis. Therefore, CCDC92 may serve as a potential biomarker of podocyte injury in DKD and targeting CCDC92 could be an innovative therapeutic strategy for DKD patients.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2024)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Khanyisani Ziqubu, Phiwayinkosi Dludla, Sihle E. Mabhida, Babalwa U. Jack, Susanne Keipert, Martin Jastroch, Sithandiwe E. Mazibuko-Mbeje
Summary: The discovery and revival of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans have opened up new possibilities for treating obesity and metabolic diseases. BAT not only plays a role in generating heat, but also secretes signaling molecules known as batokines, which regulate overall metabolism. This review highlights the importance of BAT-derived metabolites in controlling thermogenesis, substrate metabolism, and other biological processes, as well as their potential to alleviate obesity and related metabolic complications.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2024)
