Editorial Material
Immunology
Ursula Smole, Hamida Hammad
Summary: This study reveals the importance of type 2 immunity in driving the accumulation of ILC2 in inflamed tissues, allowing for balanced responses during inflammation.
Article
Immunology
Annie Kathuria, Kara Lopez-Lengowski, Joshua L. Roffman, Rakesh Karmacharya
Summary: Translational evidence suggests that cytokines involved in maternal immune activation can harm fetal brain and increase the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. This study differentiated human pluripotent stem cells to cortical neurons and exposed them to interleukin-6 (IL-6) or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). The findings show that IL-6 affects gene expression related to extracellular matrix, actin cytoskeleton, and TGF-beta signaling, while IFN-gamma affects genes related to antigen processing, major histocompatibility complex, and endoplasmic reticulum biology. Mitochondrial respiration and dendritic spine density were also influenced by these cytokines, but pre-treatment with folic acid mitigated their effects.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Yung-Ju Yeh, Ching-Ping Tseng, Sheng-Da Hsu, His -Yuan Huang, Michael M. C. Lai, Hsien-Da Huang, Ju-Chien Cheng
Summary: MicroRNA let-7b is induced by HCV infection and directly targets the HCV genome to regulate HCV replication. Through targeting negative regulators of IFN signaling, let-7b enhances IFN expression and signaling to limit HCV replication in the early stage of infection. This study sheds new insight into the role of let-7b in combating HCV infection and understanding the initial defense mechanisms against RNA viruses.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yonghae Son, In-Jun Yeo, Jin-Tae Hong, Seong-Kug Eo, Dongjun Lee, Koanhoi Kim
Summary: The study reveals that elevated levels of IL-1 beta and oxysterols are found in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Experiments conducted on microglial cells and mice show that side-chain oxysterols can increase the expression of IL-1 beta and activate microglia. These findings suggest that pharmacologic intervention targeting oxysterols could potentially treat neurodegenerative diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Abi Bremner, Sungwon Kim, Katrina M. Morris, Matthew John Nolan, Dominika Borowska, Zhiguang Wu, Fiona Tomley, Damer P. Blake, Rachel Hawken, Pete Kaiser, Lonneke Vervelde
Summary: This study compared the kinetics of immune responses in two inbred lines of White Leghorn chickens showing differential resistance or susceptibility to Eimeria maxima infection. The findings suggest that early induction of IFN-gamma and IL-10 responses may play a key role in resistance to E. maxima, with differences observed in the timing and magnitude of cytokine transcription responses between the two lines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Matteo Nazzareno Barbaglia, James Michael Harris, Artem Smirnov, Michela Emma Burlone, Cristina Rigamonti, Mario Pirisi, Rosalba Minisini, Andrea Magri
Summary: 17β-estradiol induces an interferon-mediated antiviral state in hepatocytes, pre-activating immune response signaling to control and suppress viral spread.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alan Prossin, Alisa Koch, Phillip Campbell, Geoffroy Laumet, Christian S. Stohler, Robert Dantzer, Jon-Kar Zubieta
Summary: Behavioral conditioning and positive expectation can influence disease pathology through placebo effects, involving modulation of inflammatory proteins. Neuroimaging studies reveal that placebo-induced reduction in IL-18 levels, correlated with endogenous opioid release, may play a key role in pain relief and mood regulation via neuroimmune interactions.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Penglei Jiang, Hongyu Jia, Xinyue Qian, Tian Tang, Yingli Han, Zhaoru Zhang, Lingli Jiang, Zebin Yu, Lin Zheng, Guodong Yu, Huan Cai, Shanyan Zhang, Xiaoli Zhang, Jueqing Gu, Chanyuan Ye, Lisha Yang, Yingfeng Lu, Heng Liu, Xiaoqing Lu, Ciliang Jin, Yue Ren, Miaomiao Lu, Lingling Xu, Jiong Yu, Xi Jin, Yida Yang, Pengxu Qian
Summary: This study used single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate the transcriptomic landscape of peripheral immune cells in CHB patients before and after PegIFN-alpha therapy. The study identified specific cell subsets associated with CHB and found that PegIFN-alpha treatment could decrease hyperactivated monocytes, increase long-lived naive/memory T cells, and enhance effector T cell cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the treatment altered the transcriptional profiles of immune cells and enhanced innate antiviral response.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomohiro Watanabe, Kosuke Minaga, Hajime Honjo, Masatoshi Kudo
Summary: The liver showed hypo-responsiveness to antigens and high doses of orally-administered ovalbumin (OVA) generated unique CD4+ T cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells that can suppress Th1 responses. OVA administration at high doses inhibited hepatitis development in mice with OVA-specific CD4+ T cells, and this was associated with downregulation of Th1 responses. The results suggest that high-dose oral antigen administration can suppress Th1-mediated hepatitis in an antigen-non-specific manner.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lukasz Szymanski, Weronika Urbanska, Martyna Ciepielak, Aleksandra Cios, Wanda Stankiewicz, Marta Stelmasiak, Agnieszka Rzeszotarska, Jolanta Korsak, Slawomir Lewicki, Andrzej Chcialowski
Summary: The emergence of tolerance during Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy (VIT) is a complex process that involves changes in the complement system, normalization of lymphocyte subpopulations, and an increase in nTreg cells. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the immune mechanism underlying rapid tolerance acquisition during VIT.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Kei Miyakawa, Sundararaj Stanleyraj Jeremiah, Michinaga Ogawa, Mayuko Nishi, Makoto Ohnishi, Akihide Ryo
Summary: LGALS9, an interferon-inducible protein, promotes selective autophagy to degrade HBc and suppress HBV replication. There is a crosstalk mechanism between this selective autophagy and the innate immune system.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chia-Ling Chen, Po-Chun Tseng, Rahmat Dani Satria, Thi Thuy Nguyen, Cheng-Chieh Tsai, Chiou-Feng Lin
Summary: GSK-3 is a vital regulator of glycogen synthesis that plays a crucial role in cellular bioregulation. Abnormal GSK-3 activation and inactivation can lead to liver damage. Targeting GSK-3 with drugs is a potential therapeutic approach for liver protection. Additionally, blocking GSK-3 has a protective effect in IFN-gamma-mediated immune hepatitis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ann W. N. Auma, Corinne Kowal, Carey L. Shive, Alyssa Lange, Sofi Damjanovska, Elizabeth Zebrowski, Elane Reyes, Leonard Calabrese, Lenche Kostadinova, Yngve Falck-Ytter, Maya Mattar, Donald D. Anthony
Summary: Elevated RF levels are related to increased liver stiffness in chronic hepatitis C patients. DAA therapy leads to a decline in RF levels, but most individuals remain positive. Some soluble inflammatory markers decrease within 4 weeks after DAA therapy initiation.
Article
Virology
Jiaxuan Zhang, Kai Liu, Gaoli Zhang, Ning Ling, Min Chen
Summary: IL-17A pretreatment attenuates the anti-HBV activity of IFN-alpha by upregulating negative regulators of the critical transcriptional ISGF3 complex.
Article
Microbiology
Svava E. Steiner, Ferdinand X. Choong, Haris Antypas, Carlos E. Morado-Urbina, Anette Schulz, Alex Bersellini Farinotti, Duygu B. Bas, Camilla I. Svensson, Agneta Richter-Dahlfors, Keira Melican
Summary: The study demonstrates the important role of neuro-immune communication in modulating inflammation during the initial stages of a bacterial infection. Nerve signaling triggers IFN-γ response in the spleen within 4 hours of infection, leading to systemic modulation of inflammation. This highlights the potential of nerves in monitoring and modulating the immune response during the early hours of infection.