Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Patricia S. Rogeri, Rudyard Zanella Jr, Gabriel L. Martins, Matheus D. A. Garcia, Geovana Leite, Rebeca Lugaresi, Sandro O. Gasparini, Giovana A. Sperandio, Luis Henrique B. Ferreira, Tacito P. Souza-Junior, Antonio Herbert Lancha Jr
Summary: Sarcopenia, characterized by muscle mass loss, is a major issue associated with the process of aging. It is important to establish preventive measures, particularly focusing on protein intake and exercise.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Reza Bagheri, Abolfazl Shakibaee, Donny M. Camera, Vahid Sobhani, Hamid Ghobadi, Eisa Nazar, Hadi Fakhari, Fred Dutheil
Summary: This study compared the effects of a high protein diet and a low protein diet combined with resistance training on skeletal muscle adaptation in untrained older ex-military men. The results showed that a daily intake of 1.6 g/kg/d protein was more effective in improving skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength, and it was well tolerated by healthy older ex-military males.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Barbara Strasser, Dominik Pesta, Jorn Rittweger, Johannes Burtscher, Martin Burtscher
Summary: Regular physical exercise and a healthy diet are crucial for a healthy lifespan, especially in older adults. Elderly athletes serve as role models for healthy aging, showcasing impressive physical capacities even in old age. Research on the association between exercise, nutrition, and the microbiota in older athletes is a rapidly growing field in sports nutrition.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Chanisa Thonusin, Patcharapong Pantiya, Aphisek Kongkaew, Wichwara Nawara, Busarin Arunsak, Sirawit Sriwichaiin, Nipon Chattipakorn, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
Summary: Exercise and caloric restriction have different effects on skeletal muscle metabolism during aging. Exercise is more effective in improving fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation, while caloric restriction reduces oxidative stress in skeletal muscle.
Review
Cell Biology
Gabriella Dobrowolny, Alessandra Barbiera, Gigliola Sica, Bianca Maria Scicchitano
Summary: Aging leads to a decline in physical abilities, especially due to compromised integrity of the neuromuscular system, resulting in reduced mobility and loss of independence, ultimately leading to sarcopenia. Studies suggest that epigenetic modifications and lifestyle interventions like physical exercise and nutrition can help attenuate the age-related decline in the neuromuscular system.
Article
Sport Sciences
Philippe J. M. Pinckaers, Floris K. Hendriks, Wesley J. H. Hermans, Joy P. B. Goessens, Joan M. Senden, Janneau M. X. van Kranenburg, Will K. H. W. Wodzig, T. I. M. Snijders, Luc J. C. van Loon
Summary: This study compares the effect of 30 g potato protein and 30 g milk protein on muscle protein synthesis in healthy, young males. The results show that both potato and milk protein can increase muscle protein synthesis rates at rest and during exercise recovery.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tsai-Chin Cheng, Shou-Hsien Huang, Chung-Lan Kao, Po-Cheng Hsu
Summary: This narrative review discusses the factors and treatment strategies related to muscle wasting in patients with chronic kidney disease, including muscle protein metabolism, muscle cell regeneration, insulin-like growth factor 1 and myostatin signaling pathways, as well as the role of microRNA and gut microbiota in muscle mass and myogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Alice S. Ryan, Guoyan Li
Summary: This study aimed to determine the effects of a 6-month aerobic training + weight loss program and hyperinsulinemia on SIRT1 and SIRT3 expression in skeletal muscle and compare their expression between men and women. The results showed higher mRNA expression of SIRT1 and SIRT3 in women's skeletal muscle. After EX + WL, body weight, body fat, and abdominal obesity decreased, VO(2)max and glucose utilization increased, and basal SIRT1 expression decreased. However, there was no gender difference in the changes of these sirtuins.
EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sarah A. Purcell, Ryan J. Marker, Marc-Andre Cornier, Edward L. Melanson
Summary: Many breast cancer survivors experience changes in energy balance during and after treatment, potentially influenced by factors such as dietary intake and estrogen suppression. Future research may focus on developing targeted and personalized behavioral interventions to address these specific changes in energy balance.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Caterina Tezze, Marco Sandri, Paolo Tessari
Summary: The development of sarcopenia in the elderly is attributed to various factors and processes that hinder the regeneration and maintenance of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Skeletal muscle's reduced response to anabolic stimuli is a key aspect. This article provides an overview of the role of anabolic signals in muscle metabolism and presents evidence of resistance to anabolic factors in skeletal muscle from both in vitro and in vivo studies. Suggestions on enhancing the effects of anabolic signals on skeletal muscle are also discussed.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Colin Harper, Venkatesh Gopalan, Jorming Goh
Summary: This review examines the cellular and molecular changes in skeletal muscle mitochondria during aging, particularly focusing on the efficiency of mitochondrial coupling and its impact on muscle function decline. It also discusses how different exercise modalities can potentially reverse these changes and delay the onset of sarcopenia. Additional concepts such as mitophagy and the implications of muscle fiber type changes with sarcopenia on mitochondrial function are also integrated in this review.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Mon-Chien Lee, Yi-Ju Hsu, Fang-Yu Wu, Chi-Chang Huang, Hsueh-Yu Li, Wen-Chyuan Chen
Summary: This study found that the combination of soy protein supplementation and resistance training had the best effect on improving muscle strength, physical performance, and functional activity in aging mice, compared to individual applications. This strategy has a positive impact on overall health and physical fitness improvement among the elderly.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Barbara Strasser, Maike Wolters, Christopher Weyh, Karsten Kruger, Andrea Ticinesi
Summary: As life expectancy increases, the risk of chronic diseases rises, but can be mitigated by healthy lifestyle choices such as exercise and a balanced diet. These interventions positively impact skeletal muscle, immune aging, and gut microbiota biodiversity, enhancing gut and systemic immune function.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Thilina U. Jayawardena, Seo-Young Kim, You-Jin Jeon
Summary: This review addresses the current understanding of age-related skeletal muscle changes and discusses mechanisms regulating protein turnover, as well as the factors contributing to reduced muscle regeneration. Nutritional intervention, particularly seafood, is highlighted as a potential preventive factor against sarcopenia. Understanding multiple factors will provide therapeutic targets for preventing, treating, and overcoming the adverse effects of sarcopenia.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Meng Ding, Hongyu Li, Lan Zheng
Summary: This study focuses on the impact of regular exercise in aging individuals using the fruit fly model, highlighting the potential and challenges in anti-aging research.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Kathryn L. Bohnert, Mary K. Hastings, David R. Sinacore, Jeffrey E. Johnson, Sandra E. Klein, Jeremy J. McCormick, Paul Gontarz, Gretchen A. Meyer
FOOT & ANKLE INTERNATIONAL
(2020)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Gordon Smith, Mahalakshmi Shankaran, Mihoko Yoshino, George G. Schweitzer, Maria Chondronikola, Joseph W. Beals, Adewole L. Okunade, Bruce W. Patterson, Edna Nyangau, Tyler Field, Claude B. Sirlin, Saswata Talukdar, Marc K. Hellerstein, Samuel Klein
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2020)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Gordon Smith, David C. Polidori, Mihoko Yoshino, Monica L. Kearney, Bruce W. Patterson, Bettina Mittendorfer, Samuel Klein
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2020)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ellen F. Binder, Jesse C. Christensen, Jennifer Stevens-Lapsley, Jenna Bartley, Sarah D. Berry, Adrian S. Dobs, Richard H. Fortinsky, Kerry L. Hildreth, Douglas P. Kiel, George A. Kuchel, Robin L. Marcus, Christine M. McDonough, Denise Orwig, David R. Sinacore, Robert S. Schwartz, Elena Volpi, Jay Magaziner, Kenneth B. Schechtman
Summary: The study aims to compare the effects of different treatments on female hip fracture patients aged 65 and older, including testing the synergistic effects of strength training and testosterone replacement on functional recovery. The results are expected to have significant clinical and public health implications for managing hip fracture patients.
CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Daniel C. Bittel, Adam J. Bittel, Arun S. Varadhachary, Terri Pietka, David R. Sinacore
Summary: Two-thirds of individuals with type 2 diabetes will develop chronic kidney disease, leading to early frailty, mobility deficits, and increased mortality risk. The mechanisms linking renal decline to mobility deficits are crucial for identifying high-risk individuals and formulating effective treatment strategies. Skeletal muscle energetics and mitochondrial function play a key role in impairing physical function in the progression of T2DM-induced CKD.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anja Fuchs, Dmitri Samovski, Gordon I. Smith, Vincenza Cifarelli, Sarah S. Farabi, Jun Yoshino, Terri Pietka, Shin-Wen Chang, Sarbani Ghosh, Terence M. Myckatyn, Samuel Klein
Summary: Insulin resistance in people with obesity and NAFLD is associated with SAAT inflammation and both plasma and SAAT-derived exosomes, which may impact insulin sensitivity in these patients.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Joseph W. Beals, Gordon I. Smith, Mahalakshmi Shankaran, Anja Fuchs, George G. Schweitzer, Jun Yoshino, Tyler Field, Marcy Matthews, Edna Nyangau, Darya Morozov, Bettina Mittendorfer, Marc K. Hellerstein, Samuel Klein
Summary: The study found that fibrogenesis in subcutaneous adipose tissue is increased in individuals with obesity and NAFLD, and is negatively correlated with hepatic and whole-body insulin sensitivity. Adipose tissue expandability is not impaired in obese individuals, but fibrogenesis in SAT is significantly increased in those with NAFLD.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Debra L. Waters, Lina Aguirre, Burke Gurney, David R. Sinacore, Kenneth Fowler, Giulia Gregori, Reina Armamento-Villareal, Clifford Qualls, Dennis T. Villareal
Summary: The study found that different exercise modes have significant effects on body composition, physical function, and metabolic function in older adults with obesity. Combining aerobic and resistance exercises was the most effective approach in improving ectopic fat deposition and physical and metabolic function in this population.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yi Zhu, Na Li, Mingyang Huang, Mason Bartels, Sophie Dogne, Shangang Zhao, Xi Chen, Clair Crewe, Leon Straub, Lavanya Vishvanath, Zhuzhen Zhang, Mengle Shao, Yongjie Yang, Christy M. Gliniak, Ruth Gordillo, Gordon Smith, William L. Holland, Rana K. Gupta, Bingning Dong, Nathalie Caron, Yong Xu, Yucel Akgul, Samuel Klein, Philipp E. Scherer
Summary: The overproduction of hyaluronan in adipose tissue reduces fat accumulation and improves systemic glucose homeostasis.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Susheel K. Gunasekar, Litao Xie, Ashutosh Kumar, Juan Hong, Pratik R. Chheda, Chen Kang, David M. Kern, Chau My-Ta, Joshua Maurer, John Heebink, Eva E. Gerber, Wojciech J. Grzesik, Macaulay Elliot-Hudson, Yanhui Zhang, Phillip Key, Chaitanya A. Kulkarni, Joseph W. Beals, Gordon Smith, Isaac Samuel, Jessica K. Smith, Peter Nau, Yumi Imai, Ryan D. Sheldon, Eric B. Taylor, Daniel J. Lerner, Andrew W. Norris, Samuel Klein, Stephen G. Brohawn, Robert Kerns, Rajan Sah
Summary: SWELL1 channel modulators represent a novel therapeutic approach for treating Type 2 diabetes and associated liver steatosis by enhancing insulin sensitivity and secretion. These modulators improve SWELL1-dependent systemic metabolism and hold promise for future treatment of diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sarah S. Farabi, Gordon Smith, George G. Schweitzer, Richard Stein, Samuel Klein
Summary: The study found that physically active individuals with obesity but metabolically healthy tend to have better metabolic health and quality of life compared to metabolically unhealthy obese individuals. Sleep and dietary intake showed minimal impact on metabolic health.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Mihoko Yoshino, Jun Yoshino, Gordon I. Smith, Richard I. Stein, Adam J. Bittel, Daniel C. Bittel, Dominic N. Reeds, David R. Sinacore, W. Todd Cade, Bruce W. Patterson, Kevin Cho, Gary J. Patti, Bettina Mittendorfer, Samuel Klein
Summary: The study found that intensive lifestyle therapy provided at the worksite has profound therapeutic clinical and physiological effects in people with T2D, which are likely mediated by specific alterations in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue biology.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mandy M. Chan, Sabine Daemen, Joseph W. Beals, Marina Terekhova, Bin Q. Yang, Christina F. Fu, Li He, Arick C. Park, Gordon I. Smith, Babak Razani, Kathleen Byrnes, Wandy L. Beatty, Shaina R. Eckhouse, J. Christopher Eagon, Daniel Ferguson, Brian N. Finck, Samuel Klein, Maxim N. Artyomov, Joel D. Schilling
Summary: This study revealed the presence of macrophage subsets in the human liver with MAFLD that closely resemble those found in mouse models of fatty liver disease, showing a correlation between recruited myeloid cells and the degree of liver steatosis. MdMs were shown to be involved in lipid uptake during the early stages of MALFD.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Bettina Mittendorfer, Bruce W. Patterson, Gordon Smith, Mihoko Yoshino, Samuel Klein
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between obesity, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and clearance, revealing that increased adiposity enhances insulin secretion in people with obesity. The development of IFG is primarily determined by the deterioration in beta cell function rather than a decrease in insulin sensitivity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Vincenza Cifarelli, Scott C. Beeman, Gordon I. Smith, Jun Yoshino, Darya Morozov, Joseph W. Beals, Brandon D. Kayser, Jeramie D. Watrous, Mohit Jain, Bruce W. Patterson, Samuel Klein
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2020)