Review
Oncology
Mohammad Javad Kamali, Mohammad Salehi, Somayeh Fatemi, Fereshteh Moradi, Azin Khoshghiafeh, Mohamadreza Ahmadifard
Summary: Cancer is a major cause of death globally, and traditional cancer treatments have limitations and side effects. RNA therapies, using tools such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and siRNAs, have shown potential for improving cancer treatment. Locked Nucleic Acids (LNAs) are a new type of RNA analog with unique properties that make them effective and safe for cancer treatment. LNAs also have applications in molecular diagnostics, providing accurate and rapid detection of mutations. This study reviews the special properties of LNA oligonucleotides and their potential in cancer treatment and molecular detection methods.
EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Hiroaki Sawamoto, Takashi Sasaki, Tomo Takegawa-Araki, Masayuki Utsugi, Hiroyuki Furukawa, Yoko Hirakawa, Fumiko Yamairi, Takashi Kurita, Karin Murahashi, Katsuya Yamada, Tetsuya Ohta, Shinji Kumagai, Akihiro Takemiya, Satoshi Obika, Jun Kotera
Summary: In this study, a novel nucleic acid, 2'-N-methanesulfonyl-2'-amino-locked nucleic acid (ALNA[Ms]), was synthesized and compared to conventional nucleic acids in terms of physical and pharmacological properties. ALNA[Ms] exhibited similar binding affinities for complementary RNA strands as conventional nucleic acids. ALNA[Ms] showed distinct biological activities from conventional constrained nucleic acids, indicating its potential as a novel modified nucleic acid in oligonucleotide therapeutics.
BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Caroline Puente-Lelievre, Anne C. Eischeid
Summary: The study developed a novel real-time PCR assay targeting two chloroplast regions using LNA probes to specifically detect walnut in foods. By spiking food matrices with walnut at different concentrations and achieving high reaction efficiencies, the assay proved to be an effective tool for allergenic walnut detection.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Arkaja Goswami, Ashok K. Prasad, Jyotirmoy Maity, Neerja Khaneja
Summary: This article discusses the synthesis and applications of modified locked nucleic acids (LNAs) with various modifications and restricted conformations as antisense oligonucleotides.
NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Khushbukhat Khan, Muhammad Irfan, Areej Abdul Sattar, Manal Bint Faiz, Anees Ur Rahman, Hafsa Athar, Daniela Calina, Javad Sharifi-Rad, William C. Cho
Summary: RNA sequencing has shown that a large part of the human genome undergoes transcription, but only a small fraction of these transcripts translate into proteins. LncRNA SNHG6, once considered as transcriptional noise, has now been recognized as a crucial regulator in various cellular processes and cancer development. This review explores the biogenesis, roles, and mechanisms of SNHG6 in cancer, highlighting its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Layla R. Goddard, Charlotte E. Mardle, Hassan Gneid, Ciara G. Ball, Darren M. Gowers, Helen S. Atkins, Louise E. Butt, Jonathan K. Watts, Helen A. Vincent, Anastasia J. Callaghan
Summary: The increase in antibacterial resistance poses challenges for health and defense sectors, necessitating novel antibacterial targets and strategies. Targeting the translation initiation region of Escherichia coli rne mRNA using antisense oligonucleotides shows promise in inhibiting translation and facilitating RNase H-mediated mRNA cleavage.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarah Engelbeen, Daniel O'Reilly, Davy van de Vijver, Ingrid Verhaart, Maaike van Putten, Vignesh Hariharan, Matthew Hassler, Anastasia Khvorova, Masad J. Damha, Annemieke Aartsma-Rus
Summary: In this study, the researchers aimed to optimize the efficiency of antisense oligonucleotide (AON) therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients. They evaluated exon 53 skipping of the DMD transcript with different chemically modified AONs and found that FRNA, LNA-FRNA, and LNA-2'O-Me AONs were the most efficient in human control myoblast cultures. However, in a mouse experiment, treatment with LNA-FRNA and LNA-2'O-Me AONs resulted in high levels of exon 53 skipping but no restoration of dystrophin, mainly due to the strong binding nature of LNA modifications to RNA interfering with amplification of unskipped product.
NUCLEIC ACID THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rika Maruyama, Quynh Nguyen, Rohini Roy Roshmi, Aleksander Touznik, Toshifumi Yokota
Summary: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare disease with no effective treatment. Researchers have discovered that locked nucleic acid (LNA) gapmers can decrease the activity of mutated ACVR1, reducing heterotopic ossification in FOP patients. This novel therapeutic strategy shows promise and could pave the way for treating other similar disorders.
NUCLEIC ACID THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muthian Shanmugasundaram, Annamalai Senthilvelan, Anilkumar R. Kore
Summary: A simple and efficient method for gram-scale chemical synthesis of purine locked nucleic acid (LNA) nucleotides like LNA-GTP and LNA-ATP is described. The method involves a one-pot, three-step strategy resulting in high yields and purity of the corresponding purine LNA nucleotides.
NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Sri Buehring, Alexander Yemelin, Thomas Michna, Stefan Tenzer, Stefan Jacob
Summary: This study identified structural variations and amplified putative isoforms in the mRNA of the MoYPD1 gene in the rice blast fungus at the cDNA level, suggesting that alternative splicing contributes to increased signal diversity in signal transduction. Furthermore, mutant strains overexpressing these isoforms confirmed that alternative splicing is a valid molecular mechanism to enhance signal diversity in eukaryotic multistep phosphorelay systems.
Article
Cell Biology
Pengju Fan, Yongjie Wang, Jingjing Li, Man Fang
Summary: This study revealed that lncRNA PAPPA-AS1 may induce the development of HTS by upregulating TLR4 through interaction with TAF15. Silencing PAPPA-AS1 can suppress the proliferation of HTsFb cells and the expression of fibrosis markers.
MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Amitkumar Pandey, Saiprasad Ajgaonkar, Nikita Jadhav, Praful Saha, Pranay Gurav, Sangita Panda, Dilip Mehta, Sujit Nair
Summary: The study highlights the significant role of various ncRNAs in regulating gene expression and disease pathways in diabetes. This understanding may lead to new directions for research and treatment of diabetes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hanako Ishida, Jinta Asami, Zhikuan Zhang, Tomohiro Nishizawa, Hideki Shigematsu, Umeharu Ohto, Toshiyuki Shimizu
Summary: Nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in innate immunity by recognizing foreign DNA and RNA. The interaction between TLRs and UNC93B1 appears to be essential for immune response regulation, with structural details providing insights for potential therapies against autoimmune diseases. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms involved.
NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Katharina Bersching, Stefan Jacob
Summary: This study identified the importance of the group III two-component hybrid histidine kinase MoHik1p in sensing external osmotic stress and mediating the fungicidal activity of phenylpyrrole fludioxonil. A mutant strain with a modified HisKA signaling domain revealed the crucial role of H736 in the action of fludioxonil, but not in sensing sorbitol stress. This provides evidence of the different molecular mechanisms involved in the action of fludioxonil and the perception of osmotic stress.
Review
Oncology
Lili Chen, Xinle Qian, Zhongqi Wang, Xiqiu Zhou
Summary: This review provides a summary of the molecular mechanism and role of HOTAIR in tumor invasion and metastasis, discusses its association with tumor metastasis through various pathways, and emphasizes its function in human malignant tumor metastasis.