Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aleksandra Zawadzka, Magdalena Cieslik, Agata Adamczyk
Summary: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease characterized by deficits in social interactions, communication, and repetitive behaviors. Studies suggest a role for immune dysregulation and inflammation in the development of ASD. Infection during pregnancy can lead to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurodevelopmental pathologies in offspring.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jonas Henske, Nicholas W. Saleh, Thomas Chouvenc, Santiago R. Ramirez, Thomas Eltz
Summary: Perfume making in male orchid bees is a unique behavior that has given rise to an entire pollination syndrome in the neotropics. Male orchid bees concoct and store species-specific perfume mixtures in specialized hind-leg pockets using volatiles acquired from multiple environmental sources, including orchid flowers. However, the function and the ultimate causes of this behavior have remained elusive.
Review
Immunology
Wendy Fonseca, Nicholas W. Lukacs, Srikanth Elesela, Carrie-Anne Malinczak
Summary: ILC2, a population of innate cells, plays key roles in lung immunity and is linked to chronic lung pathologies. Following respiratory viral infections, increased ILC2 levels may lead to detrimental effects such as chronic inflammation and alterations in lung structure.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Masashi Mizuguchi, Maki Ohsawa, Hirofumi Kashii, Atsushi Sato
Summary: The mTOR system in the brain plays crucial roles in regulating morphology and function, with Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) being a congenital disorder caused by defects in the mTOR system suppressor complex. Most brain symptoms of TSC are due to excessive mTOR system activity, leading to conditions such as epilepsy, intellectual disability, and autism. Recent studies have shown that molecular target therapy with mTOR inhibitors can effectively treat epilepsy in human TSC patients and autism in TSC model mice, presenting the potential for pharmacological treatment of developmental synaptic disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Kei Hori, Kazumi Shimaoka, Mikio Hoshino
Summary: Neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of neuropsychiatric illnesses that occur during early brain development, affecting cognition, sociability, and sensory and motor functions. AUTS2 is a crucial gene associated with a wide range of neuropsychological disorders, playing a key role in neurodevelopment.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gregory Halsey, Dipasha Sinha, Saphala Dhital, Xiaoying Wang, Naren Vyavahare
Summary: Elastin is a crucial protein that provides structural integrity to tissues by forming elastic fibers. The degradation of elastic fibers is linked to the manifestation and pathogenesis of various diseases. Stabilizing elastic fiber structures and repairing lost elastin may be effective strategies to reverse the effects of these diseases.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Mingjing Huang, Jingyi Zheng, Lijun Chen, Sufang You, Huibin Huang
Summary: Obesity is characterized by excessive accumulation and abnormal distribution of body fat, accompanied by metabolic disorders. Dyslipidemia is associated with obesity and apolipoproteins play an important role in plasma lipoprotein structure. Apolipoproteins influence obesity progression through mechanisms such as lipid metabolism, energy expenditure, and inflammatory response. This review discusses the role of apolipoproteins in obesity, their mechanisms of action, and their potential as novel therapeutic targets.
CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Barbara Nieradko-Iwanicka
Summary: The study found a positive correlation between beer or distilled spirits consumption and gout, while moderate wine intake may help protect against gout attacks. Episodic alcohol intake triggers gout attacks, regardless of the type of alcohol. Individuals with established gout and pre-existing risk factors should limit all types of alcohol intake to prevent gout episodes.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Lin Lei, Haquima Ei Mourabit, Chantal Housset, Axelle Cadoret, Sara Lemoinne
Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with liver angiogenesis, which may lead to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Research has shown that angiogenesis plays a crucial role in the progression of NAFLD, and targeting angiogenesis, particularly VEGF, could be a potential treatment for NAFLD.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Seonghwan Hwang, Hwayoung Yun, Sungwon Moon, Ye Eun Cho, Bin Gao
Summary: NAFLD encompasses a range of liver disorders, with NASH characterized by increased liver injury and inflammation, where neutrophils play a critical role. The review outlines the functions of neutrophils in promoting the progression of fatty liver to NASH and their potential as therapeutic targets.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Oliver Davis
Summary: Abnormal chromatin folding is strongly implicated in epilepsy and ASD, potentially involving an imbalance in the number of excitatory-inhibitory neurons. Studies suggest a range of mutations and chromosomal structural abnormalities contribute to this effect.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Wern Hann Ng, Zheng L. Ling, Andrew J. Kueh, Marco J. Herold, Nicholas P. West, Nicholas J. C. King, Suresh Mahalingam, Xiang Liu
Summary: MXRA8 acts as an entry receptor for arthritogenic alphaviruses and its role in alphavirus-induced musculoskeletal inflammation is not fully understood. In this study, MXRA8 knockout mice showed reduced disease signs, viral replication, proinflammatory cytokines, and cell infiltrates in inflamed tissues after RRV infection. Furthermore, novel changes in immunomodulation genes were observed in RRV-infected MXRA8 knockout mice compared to wild-type mice.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jaroslaw Krzyzanowski, Tomasz Paszkowski, Slawomir Wozniak
Summary: Uterine fibroids are the most common tumors in women and have a significant impact on their quality of life. Previous research on the impact of diet on fibroids is limited, but recent studies suggest that vegetable and fruit consumption may have a beneficial effect, while hypovitaminosis D may increase the risk. Further randomized trials are needed to draw firm conclusions.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sylwia Sluczanowska-Glabowska, Maria Salmanowicz, Marzena Staniszewska, Andrzej Pawlik
Summary: Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with a genetic basis, characterized by excessive keratinocyte proliferation, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and negative impact on a patient's physical and emotional well-being. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a group of enzymes involved in various cellular pathways and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diseases, including psoriasis. The reduction of certain SIRTs expression and the increase of others in psoriasis highlight the importance of SIRTs in dermatology. Manipulating SIRT activity through agonists and inhibitors may offer new therapeutic options for psoriasis treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kajetan Kielbowski, Estera Bakinowska, Piotr Ostrowski, Bartlomiej Pala, Ewa Gromowska, Klaudia Gurazda, Pawel Dec, Andrzej Modrzejewski, Andrzej Pawlik
Summary: Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition mediated by the immune system, characterized by inflammation and excessive skin cell growth. Dendritic cells, T lymphocytes, and keratinocytes play key roles in the development of psoriasis, while the IL-23/IL-17 pathway contributes to disease progression. Adipokines secreted by adipose tissue, such as adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, and resistin, have immunomodulatory effects and may influence the progression or suppression of psoriasis. Understanding the relationship between psoriasis and adipokines could lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Tong Cheng, Zhusheng Chen, Yibin Qin, Xiang Zhu, Hongsheng Chen, Zhongling Xu, Xiaqing Ma
Summary: Morphine is commonly used and effective for pain relief, but its side effect of itching limits its clinical use. This paper discusses the potential of using esketamine to treat morphine-induced itching.
MEDICAL HYPOTHESES
(2024)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sung Eun Lee, Eunjung Park, Ji-yun Kim, HyukHoon Kim
Summary: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a potential therapeutic modality that has been recognized for its favorable mechanisms in various diseases, including sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). HBOT has neuroprotective effects through its anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects as well as increased tissue oxygenation capacity. However, there are caveats and limitations in applying HBOT in sepsis.
MEDICAL HYPOTHESES
(2024)