Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Daniel Renjewski, Susanne Lipfert, Michael Guenther
Summary: This article proposes a mathematical model that captures the dynamics of human foot during walking and analyzes the functional interplay of biomechanical contributors. It identifies the foot as the key functional element in walking and provides insights for gait therapy, assistive device development, and humanoid robot design and control.
Article
Neurosciences
Yusuke Sekiguchi, Keita Honda, Dai Owaki, Shin-Ichi Izumi
Summary: Categorization based on quasi-joint stiffness (QJS) can help clinicians select appropriate ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) for patients after stroke. The study classified gait patterns based on ankle joint stiffness into three subgroups, with significant differences in the proportion of AFO, articulated AFO, and non-articulated AFO used among the subgroups.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yoo Jin Choo, Min Cheol Chang
Summary: The use of AFO improves walking speed, cadence, step length, and stride length in patients with stroke, particularly enhancing gait stability and ambulatory ability.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Julio S. Lora-Millan, Mahdi Nabipour, Edwin van Asseldonk, Cristina Bayon
Summary: Assistive ankle-foot orthoses (AAFOs) are powerful solutions for gait assistance or rehabilitation. This research analyzes the latest AAFO technologies and categorizes the different approaches into clusters based on their basis and working principles. It also reviews the purpose and experimental validation of the devices, providing insights into their technology readiness level. The reviewed designs, limitations, and future directions in this field are summarized and discussed.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
N. F. J. Waterval, M. M. van der Krogt, K. Veerkamp, T. Geijtenbeek, J. Harlaar, F. Nollet, M. A. Brehm
Summary: Using predictive simulations, this study investigated the effects of plantarflexor weakness, passive plantarflexor stiffness, body mass, and walking speed on the optimal stiffness of a dorsal leaf AFO for reducing walking energy cost. The results showed that the severity of plantarflexor weakness had the greatest impact on the required AFO stiffness, while walking speed, passive muscle stiffness, and body mass had less influence.
JOURNAL OF NEUROENGINEERING AND REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Wonseok Shin, Dongwoo Nam, Bummo Ahn, Sangjoon J. Kim, Dong Yeon Lee, Suncheol Kwon, Jung Kim
Summary: This study developed a pneumatically powered ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) to improve the gait patterns of patients with foot drop. The results of the study indicate that providing unilateral ankle dorsiflexion assistance during the swing phase can temporarily improve gait asymmetry.
JOURNAL OF NEUROENGINEERING AND REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Fabricio Anicio Magalhaes, Sergio Teixeira Fonseca, Vanessa Lara Araujo, Renato Guilherme Trede, Lilian Marques Oliveira, Camila Gomes Miranda E Castor, Rafael Zambelli Pinto, Thales Rezende Souza
Summary: This study investigated the kinematics and kinetics of the midfoot joint complex and ankle during the propulsive phase of walking, comparing subjects with different midfoot passive stiffness. Individuals with lower midfoot passive stiffness exhibited altered kinematics related to foot and ankle joint moments, suggesting the importance of midfoot passive stiffness in foot and ankle kinematics and kinetics during walking, which could be a potential target for interventions.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Rehabilitation
Wyatt D. Ihmels, Kelly A. Ohm, Simisola Oludare, Jonathan Elrod, Elizabeth Russell Esposito
Summary: The study compared the metabolic demands of walking in individuals with lower limb injury with and without ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) use. The results showed that the use of AFO did not significantly affect the energetic demand in participants with a lower limb injury. Although the heart rate was higher compared to able-bodied controls, the perceived exertion was significantly lower. There were no significant differences between participants with a lower limb injury (with or without the AFO) and individuals with unilateral transtibial amputation (TTA).
ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2022)
Article
Biophysics
Deema Totah, Kira Barton, Deanna H. Gates
Summary: This study investigates the impact of rotational speed on AFO stiffness around the ankle, finding significant changes in AFO properties at different speeds, with larger effects on energy dissipation compared to stiffness and neutral angle. The findings suggest that AFO flexion speed can influence the performance of different AFOs, indicating a need for further research on the clinical implications of these small variations in AFO properties.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Paolo Brasiliano, Martina Alvini, Eugenio Di Stanislao, Giuseppe Vannozzi, Giuseppe Di Rosa, Valentina Camomilla
Summary: This study analyzed the effects of a novel foot orthosis on ankle function in children with idiopathic toe walking. The results showed that wearing the orthosis improved gait deviations and reduced the severity of toe walking.
Article
Orthopedics
Sang Jin Kweon, Kathryn Harrison, D. S. Blaise Williams, Yong Ung Kwon
Summary: The study found that individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI), copers, and healthy controls demonstrate different ankle joint coordination patterns and coordination variability during walking. Copers may have the ability to alter their coordination to compensate for altered sensorimotor function after a lateral ankle sprain.
ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
T. Jennison, O. Ukoumunne, S. Lamb, I. Sharpe, A. J. Goldberg
Summary: This study aims to determine the failure rates of primary ankle arthroplasties commonly used in the UK. The study found a five-year survival rate of 90.2% for ankle arthroplasties, with fixed-bearing implants demonstrating higher survivorship than mobile-bearing implants.
BONE & JOINT JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Chenhui Huang, Kenichiro Fukushi, Zhenwei Wang, Hiroshi Kajitani, Fumiyuki Nihey, Hannah Pokka, Hiroko Narasaki, Hiroaki Nakano, Kentaro Nakahara
Summary: The study aimed to demonstrate the possibility of using an in-shoe motion sensor (IMS) to provide foot-healthcare applications by validating its feasibility in measuring the first metatarsophalangeal angle (FMTPA). The results showed that foot-motion signals collected from the IMS can accurately estimate FMTPA, and a linear regression model could be the best method for FMTPA estimation.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Pedro Fonseca, Leandro Machado, Manoela Vieira Sousa, Ricardo Sebastiao, Filipa Sousa, Joana Figueiredo, Cristina P. Santos, Joao Paulo Vilas-Boas
Summary: The study found that using an ankle foot orthosis in passive mode at a constant speed does not significantly affect minimum foot clearance, but can alter gait linear and angular parameters.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lingchao Xie, Sanghyun Cho
Summary: This study aimed to compare the differences in muscle contractions, foot center of pressure displacement, and ground reaction force generation between step aside movement and straight walking to understand the mechanism behind step-aside movement during walking. The results showed significant greater bilateral ankle muscle contractions during the push and loading phases of step-aside movement than during straight walking. Moreover, the CoP displacement, GRF generation mechanism, and timing differed from those observed during straight walking.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jeanne E. Conner, Joshua A. Steinberg
Summary: Diagnosis of anaphylaxis should involve comprehensive consideration, including detailed history and objective findings. Using diagnostic criteria and considering rare triggers, as well as evaluating for mast cell disorders, can aid in the diagnosis. Referral to specialists may be necessary.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alejandra Escobar Vasco, Julie -Ann Talano, Larisa Broglie
Summary: HLH is a rare but fatal disease, and maintaining a high level of suspicion is crucial for patients with evidence of hyperinflammation. Adolescents with HLH should undergo genetic evaluation for familial HLH, and primary immune deficiencies and dysregulation disorders should also be considered. Early diagnosis and treatment are necessary to prevent morbidity and mortality related to HLH's hyperinflammation.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kathleen Ryan
Summary: Fevers of unknown origin (FUO) present a diagnostic challenge, with a wide range of potential causes including infectious, autoimmune, and malignant. Some adolescents with FUO may never have an identifiable etiology, but the prognosis is generally favorable in the absence of red flag symptoms.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Brett J. Bordini, Ryan D. Walsh, Donald Basel, Tejaswini Deshmukh
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hsi Yen, Leah Lalor
Summary: The article emphasizes the importance of increased awareness among healthcare providers when faced with severe adolescent acne that may not be typical teenage acne. It provides a summary of uncommon causes of severe adolescent acne and a simplified diagnostic approach. Additionally, it discusses rare autoinflammatory syndromic causes of acne and acne associated with excess androgen states.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bethany Auble, Justin Dey
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kaitlin V. Kirkpatrick, James J. Nocton
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Louella Amos
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tracey Thompson, Ashley Phimister, Alexander Raskin
Summary: Heart failure occurs as a result of pressure or volume overload in congenital and acquired heart diseases, and its treatment varies depending on the underlying cause.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Allison Remiker, Kristina Bolling, James Verbsky
Summary: CVID is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by abnormal B-cell differentiation and impaired production of specific immunoglobulin. Clinical manifestations vary and include recurrent bacterial infections, lymphoproliferation, autoimmunity, pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal disease, granulomas, and increased cancer risk. The diagnosis of CVID is complex, requiring exclusion of other causes of immunoglobulin deficiency and assessment based on clinical criteria models. Treatment involves regular immunoglobulin replacement therapy, infection prevention, and surveillance for complications.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bridget A. Rafferty, Pooja Thakrar
Summary: CNO/CRMO is an underrecognized autoinflammatory disorder of the skeletal system resulting from immune dysregulation. Diagnosis is often delayed due to vague symptoms and the lack of accepted diagnostic criteria or specific biomarkers. Untreated CRMO can lead to chronic skeletal deformities, arthritis, and chronic pain. Diagnosis requires MRI and WB-MRI. Treatment primarily involves antiinflammatory medications.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Vaishali Singh, Scott K. Van Why
Summary: Hypertension in adolescents is rare, and evaluation for identifiable causes beyond primary hypertension is necessary. Common causes of hypertension in this age group are usually acquired or congenital renal or vascular diseases. If these etiologies are not found, exploration for rare causes, including monogenic hypertension, should be pursued.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dominic O. Co
Summary: Acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) are a group of inflammatory demyelinating conditions that include optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, and acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis. Differentiating between subtypes of ADS is important for optimal patient management, and this can be achieved by considering clinical features, laboratory tests (especially autoantibodies), and MRI findings.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Meghan K. Konda, Matthew Harmelink
Summary: Pediatric adolescent muscle weakness can have various causes. A methodical diagnostic evaluation is necessary to determine the specific disease category, which may require specialized care or extensive testing. The ultimate diagnosis is crucial for prognostication.
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
