Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Tao Meng, Chang Zhou, Li Liu, Huichao Shi, Dongjun Li, Bo Wu
Summary: The National Institute of Metrology (NIM) has established a micro liquid flow facility for calibration of micro flow sensors. The facility utilizes a dynamic weighing method, with a flow rate range of 100nL/min to 150 mL/min. It includes high accuracy electronic balances and Coriolis mass flowmeters as the main standard. The facility's uncertainty is evaluated to be better than 1.5% (k = 2) at 100nL/min and better than 0.1% (k = 2) for flow rates above 1 mL/min.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Ilkcan Coskun, Serhat Ikizoglu
Summary: The study investigates the possibility of using the open-area test site (OATS) of Turkish Standard Institution (TSE) for antenna calibrations, finding that despite physical size limitations, the site can be used for calibrations according to ANSI-C63.5-2006. The conclusion is that one should not expect near-ideal conditions when starting the calibration process.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Pawel Ziolkowski, Przemyslaw Blaschkewitz, Eckhard Mueller
Summary: This article discusses the applicability of commercially available Bi2Te3-based TEM as metrological reference samples by testing the stability of four different types of TEM from different manufacturers. Significant differences were observed in the stability of the modules, ranging from very stable to relatively weak stability, providing insights into the performance of each module.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
L. C. Diaz-Perez, M. Torralba, L. Muro, J. A. Albajez, J. A. Yaguee-Fabra
Summary: The objective of precision systems design is to obtain machines with high and predictable work-zone accuracies. Error correction and compensation are used in already functional systems to achieve this goal. This study proposes an uncertainty budget methodology to obtain the measuring uncertainty of a nano-positioning platform, NanoPla, after error compensation. The authors use the Monte Carlo method to calculate the final measuring uncertainty considering all possible cases along the NanoPla working range, and propose solutions to minimize it.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Adel Alshibani, Amin S. Abu Saa, Mohammad A. Hassanain, Abdulaziz Bubshait, Ali Shash
Summary: This paper introduces a newly developed decision support model for allocating a budget for bridge maintenance. The model is built based on capturing the experts' knowledge for the prioritization of criteria for selecting a bridge maintenance plan. The model consists of four major modules, and was validated in a hypothetical network of four bridges.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gengjin Shi, Shaojie Liu, Donghai Li, Yanjun Ding, YangQuan Chen
Summary: This paper discusses the conflict between input-output response and disturbance-output response in control systems, and proposes a novel controller FC-DDE PID that can achieve reference tracking and disturbance rejection performance simultaneously, which is of great importance for the control of coal-fired power plants.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jun Wang, Xiao Xu, Hongyan Li, Hongmei Chen
Summary: This paper investigates the two-stage robust optimization of hybrid energy integration considering wind volatility. The simulation results show that increasing the uncertainty budget leads to higher degradation costs for the energy storage system (ESS) but decreases total costs. The introduction of a demand response program (DRP) can achieve cost savings compared to ordinary robust optimization. Stochastic optimization has lower costs than robust optimization but requires accurate probability distributions.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Zhaozhi Long, Fuchang Lin, Feng Zhou, Wenting Li, Yi Liu, Jiawei Fan, Kangmin Hu, Fuchao Li, Shijun Xie
Summary: This paper presents a 100 kA impulse current measuring system with system composition, performance improvement, and traceability method. A method of component quantity traceability is proposed to determine the scale factor of the measuring system. Based on a shunt with rated current of 100 kA, a stable measuring system is developed. A reference impulse current calibrator and a step current generator for traceability are developed as well. The measurement uncertainty components of peak current and time parameters are evaluated.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gaelle Capitaine, Daniela Stoica, Thibaut Wagener, Paola Fisicaro
Summary: This paper describes the production of TRIS buffers as reference materials for seawater pHT measurements according to ISO guidelines. The uncertainty budget evaluation, characterization, and stability assessments were carried out to meet the requirements of the Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (GOA-ON) for climate quality monitoring of ocean acidification.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sara B. Levin, Martin A. Briggs, Sydney S. Foks, Phillip J. Goodling, Jeff P. Raffensperger, Donald O. Rosenberry, Martha A. Scholl, Claire R. Tiedeman, Richard M. Webb
Summary: Reducing uncertainty in quantifying basin-scale water-budget components is a challenging issue for water-resource managers. This article reviews sources of uncertainty and compiles reported uncertainty estimates for six water-budget components. Before determining the total water-budget uncertainty, quantifying the uncertainty in each component data is necessary.
WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-WATER
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Viktor Iakovenko, Brian Keller, Victor N. N. Malkov, Arjun Sahgal, Arman Sarfehnia
Summary: This study quantified the uncertainty of parameters in reference dosimetry for MR-guided radiation therapy and evaluated their contribution to the final dose. The results can be used to guide future reference dosimetry protocols for MR-linacs.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED CLINICAL MEDICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Slawomir Grys, Mariusz Najgebauer
Summary: This study presents a method for estimating the accuracy of BH-loop measurements for electrical steels, specifically for a real measuring system working in the single strip yoke mode. The uncertainty budget for both B and H quantities was constructed and discussed, along with an assessment of the uncertainty of power loss associated with sample magnetization. The proposed analysis is universal and can be applied to any sample tested using the measuring system, with the relative expanded uncertainty for determining power loss being below 3.3% and below 0.2% for H and B.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
R. C. Mayworm, E. Webster, S. Davidson, A. V. Alvarenga, R. P. B. Costa-Felix
Summary: The revised International System of Units (SI) introduced the use of a Kibble balance to measure ultrasonic power without the need for precise gravity acceleration measurements. A low-cost benchtop Kibble balance was developed with a 3D printer, Raspberry microcomputer, oscilloscope, and Python programming language. The prototype achieved satisfactory results in measuring radiation power within the range of 1.4 W to 21.7 W.
Article
Economics
Rihab Bousnina, Srdjan Redzepagic, Foued Badr Gabsi
Summary: This paper utilizes GMM dynamic panel regression technique to identify key factors influencing current account balances in certain economies in the MENA region, and estimates the link between exports and imports to assess the sustainability of current account balances. The results suggest that MENA countries need to implement policies aimed at reducing current account deficits in order to restore external stability.
ECONOMIC CHANGE AND RESTRUCTURING
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dmytro Chyzhykov, Kamila Widziewicz-Rzonca, Monika Blaszczak, Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec, Krzysztof Slaby
Summary: This study compares the precision of automatic weighing systems versus manual weighing in measuring particulate matter (PM) filter equilibration and under different humidity conditions. The results show that manual and automated methods can be considered equivalent under relative humidities between 30-55% RH. The automated method demonstrates slightly better precision at 30% RH, suggesting that conditioning humidity requirements outlined in 40 CFR Part 50, Appendix L may be more suitable for PM measurements.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Luca Stabile, Gianmarco De Luca, Antonio Pacitto, Lidia Morawska, Pasquale Avino, Giorgio Buonanno
Summary: This study evaluated the emission factors of newly generated ultrafine particles due to the use of different floor cleaning products under actual temperature and relative humidity conditions, as well as ozone concentrations typical of the summer periods. Results showed that significant particle emissions in the nucleation mode were present for half of the products, with emission factors comparable to other well-known indoor sources when cleaning wide surfaces.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Antonio Pacitto, Luca Stabile, Lidia Morawska, Mawutorli Nyarku, Mehdi Amouei Torkmahalleh, Zarina Akhmetvaliyeva, Alexandro Andrade, Fabio Hech Dominski, Paride Mantecca, Waleed H. Shetaya, Mandana Mazaheri, Rohan Jayaratne, Sara Marchetti, Salwa K. Hassan, Asmaa El-Mekawy, Elham F. Mohamed, Laura Canale, Andrea Frattolillo, Giorgio Buonanno
Summary: This study evaluated the daily dose of particle surface area received by citizens living in different low- and middle-income countries, and found that different microenvironments contribute differently to the total exposure. Compared to high-income western populations, low- and middle-income populations have different exposure routes.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
J. W. Tang, W. P. Bahnfleth, P. M. Bluyssen, G. Buonanno, J. L. Jimenez, J. Kurnitski, Y. Li, S. Miller, C. Sekhar, L. Morawska, L. C. Marr, A. K. Melikov, W. W. Nazaroff, P. Nielsen, R. Tellier, P. Wargocki, S. J. Dancer
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruption globally, highlighting the importance of understanding the transmission mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2. Confusion over the meaning of 'airborne' in discussions of transmission stems from past evidence and mythological beliefs, but there is evidence indicating that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through various sizes of airborne particles.
JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Giovanni Battista Dell'Isola, Elena Cosentini, Laura Canale, Giorgio Ficco, Marco Dell'Isola
Summary: This paper analyzes the issues of noncontact body temperature measurement from both clinical and metrological perspectives, aiming to improve accuracy, estimate uncertainty, and propose a screening decision rule for preventing the spread of COVID-19.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Laura Canale, Anna Rita Di Fazio, Mario Russo, Andrea Frattolillo, Marco Dell'Isola
Summary: Buildings account for over 30% of global energy consumption and nearly 40% of CO2 emissions, emphasizing the need for rapid adoption of renewable energy technologies. Integrating renewable energy sources into residential buildings not only ensures energy balance but also offers flexibility and real-time interaction with users. Concepts such as Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems and Multi-Energy Buildings are gaining interest for optimizing interactions between various energy systems.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Teresa Moreno, Rosa Maria Pinto, Albert Bosch, Natalia Moreno, Andres Alastuey, Maria Cruz Minguillon, Eduard Anfruns-Estrada, Susana Guix, Cristina Fuentes, Giorgio Buonanno, Luca Stabile, Lidia Morawska, Xavier Querol
Summary: A study on public transport in Barcelona during the summer of 2020 found traces of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in surface and air samples, with more viral remnants on bus surfaces compared to trains. Although signs of viral RNA were detected, they were considered unlikely to be infectious. Vigilant attention to ventilation systems and regular disinfection of vehicles are necessary to effectively eliminate viral traces, especially during peak COVID-19 periods.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arnas Majumder, Laura Canale, Costantino Carlo Mastino, Antonio Pacitto, Andrea Frattolillo, Marco Dell'Isola
Summary: The building sector has a significant impact on global carbon emissions and energy consumption, highlighting the urgency of reducing its environmental impact. By developing novel thermal-insulating building materials using locally sourced natural and waste/recycled materials, both energy performance and environmental comfort have been improved.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Alex Mikszewski, Luca Stabile, Giorgio Buonanno, Lidia Morawska
Summary: This study assesses the contagiousness of SARS-CoV-2 and compares it with other respiratory pathogens. The research finds that the transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 is similar to active untreated TB, higher than seasonal influenza, and lower than measles virus. The current ventilation standards may not be sufficient to control the spread of highly contagious viruses like SARS-CoV-2 in crowded settings, indicating the need for additional control measures.
GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
E. Caracci, L. Stabile, G. Buonanno
Summary: The study presents a simplified method for evaluating lung cancer risk associated with indoor particle emissions, showing that the risk in indoor environments is mainly related to sub-micron particles rather than super-micron ones, and different sources such as cooking activities can lead to extremely high lung cancer risks. Ventilation rates in residential environments are not effective in reducing the risk significantly, while extraction hoods and air purifiers can significantly decrease it.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Fausto Arpino, Giorgio Grossi, Gino Cortellessa, Alex Mikszewski, Lidia Morawska, Giorgio Buonanno, Luca Stabile
Summary: This study estimated the risk of infection from the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant for passengers sharing a car cabin with an infected subject for a 30-minute journey. Different factors were investigated, and the results showed that the risk of infection is influenced by key parameters and can be controlled by designing the flow patterns of the indoor environment.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
M. Bertone, A. Mikszewski, L. Stabile, G. Riccio, G. Cortellessa, F. R. d'Ambrosio, V. Papa, L. Morawska, G. Buonanno
Summary: Public transport environments play a crucial role in the global spread of SARS-CoV-2. This study applies a novel combination of risk assessment approaches to evaluate the contagion risk of susceptible individuals in public transport environments. The results highlight the importance of considering airborne transmission and implementing mitigation measures to maintain a reproductive number of <1.
GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Giorgio Ficco, Fausto Arpino, Marco Dell'Isola, Michele Grimaldi, Silvia Lisi
Summary: Green hydrogen exploitation is crucial for achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. This paper presents a project in central Italy to recover an abandoned industrial area for green hydrogen production. The analysis of the area's context allowed for designing project phases and defining the sizing criteria of the production plant. The preliminary cost-benefit analysis shows that while a large initial investment and public grant are needed in the short term, the project is sustainable in the long term with significant benefits outweighing the costs.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
E. Caracci, L. Canale, G. Buonanno, L. Stabile
Summary: This study aimed to bridge the gap between lack of awareness and understanding of how occupant behavior affects indoor air quality (IAQ). An evaluation of IAQ awareness and an investigation of an eco-feedback strategy were conducted. The results showed that occupants were not properly aware of IAQ in their homes, but the eco-feedback strategy successfully promoted behavioral changes and reduced particle concentration during cooking activities.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Giorgio Ficco, Marialuisa Cassano, Gino Cortellessa, Fabrizio Zuena, Marco Dell'Isola
Summary: This paper presents the results of a study on the reliability of temperature measurement in natural gas networks. The errors in temperature measurement were found to be dependent on the external pipe temperature and gas velocity, with a range of 0.16-5.87 degrees Celsius.
Review
Physics, Applied
Lidia Morawska, Giorgio Buonanno, Alex Mikszewski, Luca Stabile
Summary: The understanding of the physics of particle generation, fate and inhalation in the respiratory tract is still rudimentary, with many unanswered questions. Broadening our knowledge of the fluid dynamics in breathing is crucial for better respiratory health assessment, precise drug delivery, and minimizing respiratory infection transmission.
NATURE REVIEWS PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Sicheng Jiao, Shixiang Wang, Minge Gao, Min Xu
Summary: This paper presents a non-contact method of thickness measurement for thin-walled rotary shell parts based on a chromatic confocal sensor. The method involves using a flip method to obtain surface profiles from both sides of the workpiece, measuring the decentration and tilt errors of the workpiece using a centering system, establishing a unified reference coordinate system, reconstructing the external and internal surface profiles, and calculating the thickness. Experimental results show that the method can accurately measure the thickness of a sapphire spherical shell workpiece and is consistent with measurements of other materials.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Rajeev Kumar, Sajal Agarwal, Sarika Pal, Alka Verma, Yogendra Kumar Prajapati
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of a CaF2-Ag-MXene-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor at different wavelengths. The results showed that the sensor achieved the maximum sensitivity at a wavelength of 532 nm, and higher sensitivities were obtained at shorter wavelengths at the expense of detection accuracy.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Attilio Di Nisio, Gregorio Andria, Francesco Adamo, Daniel Lotano, Filippo Attivissimo
Summary: Capacitive sensing is a widely used technique for a variety of applications, including avionics. However, current industry standard Capacitive Level Sensors (CLSs) used in helicopters perform poorly in terms of sensitivity and dynamic characteristics. In this study, novel geometries were explored and three prototypes were built and tested. Experimental validation showed that the new design featuring a helicoidal slit along the external electrode of the cylindrical probe improved sensitivity, response time, and linearity.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Kai Yang, Huiqin Wang, Ke Wang, Fengchen Chen
Summary: This paper proposes an effective measurement method for dynamic compaction construction based on time series model, which enables real-time monitoring and measurement of anomalies and important construction parameters through simulating motion state transformation and running time estimation.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Hui Fu, Qinghua Song, Jixiang Gong, Liping Jiang, Zhanqiang Liu, Qiang Luan, Hongsheng Wang
Summary: An automatic detection and pixel-level quantification model based on joint Mask R-CNN and TransUNet is developed to accurately evaluate microcrack damage on the grinding surfaces of engineering ceramics. The model is effectively trained on actual micrograph image dataset using a joint training strategy. The proposed model achieves reliable automatic detection and fine segmentation of microcracks, and a skeleton-based quantification model is also proposed to provide comprehensive and precise measurements of microcrack size.
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Sang Yeob Kim, Da Yun Kwon, Arum Jang, Young K. Ju, Jong-Sub Lee, Seungkwan Hong
Summary: This paper reviews the categorization and applications of UAV sensors in forensic engineering, with a focus on geotechnical, structural, and water infrastructure fields. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of sensors with different wavelengths and addresses the challenges of current UAV technology and recommendations for further research in forensic engineering.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Anton Nunez-Seoane, Joaquin Martinez-Sanchez, Erik Rua, Pedro Arias
Summary: This article compares the use of Mobile Laser Scanners (MLS) and Aerial Laser Scanners (ALS) for digitizing the road environment and detecting road slopes. The study found that ALS data and its corresponding algorithm achieved better detection and delimitation results compared to MLS. Measuring the road from a terrestrial perspective negatively impacted the detection process, while an aerial perspective allowed for scanning of the entire slope structure.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Nur Luqman Saleh, Aduwati Sali, Raja Syamsul Azmir Raja Abdullah, Sharifah M. Syed Ahmad, Jiun Terng Liew, Fazirulhisyam Hashim, Fairuz Abdullah, Nur Emileen Abdul Rashid
Summary: This study introduces an enhanced signal processing scheme for detecting mouth-click signals used by blind individuals. By utilizing additional band-pass filtering and other steps, the detection accuracy is improved. Experimental results using artificial signal data showed a 100% success rate in detecting obstacles. The emerging concepts in this research are expected to benefit radar and sonar system applications.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jiqiang Tang, Shengjie Qiu, Lu Zhang, Jinji Sun, Xinxiu Zhou
Summary: This paper studies the magnetic noise level of a compact high-performance magnetically shielded room (MSR) under different operational conditions and establishes a quantitative model for magnetic noise calculation. Verification experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Krzysztof Bartnik, Marcin Koba, Mateusz Smietana
Summary: The demand for miniaturized sensors in the biomedical industry is increasing, and optical fiber sensors (OFSs) are gaining popularity due to their small size, flexibility, and biocompatibility. This study reviews various OFS designs tested in vivo and identifies future perspectives and challenges for OFS technology development from a user perspective.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Yue Wang, Lei Zhou, Zihao Li, Jun Wang, Xuangou Wu, Xiangjun Wang, Lei Hu
Summary: This paper presents a 3-D reconstruction method for dynamic stereo vision of metal surface based on line structured light, overcoming the limitation of the measurement range of static stereo vision. The proposed method uses joint calibration and global optimization to accurately reconstruct the 3-D coordinates of the line structured light fringe, improving the reconstruction accuracy.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jaafar Alsalaet
Summary: Order tracking analysis is an effective tool for machinery fault diagnosis and operational modal analysis. This study presents a new formulation for the data equation of the second-generation Vold-Kalman filter, using separated cosine and sine kernels to minimize error and provide smoother envelopes. The proposed method achieves high accuracy even with small weighting factors.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Tonglei Cao, Kechen Song, Likun Xu, Hu Feng, Yunhui Yan, Jingbo Guo
Summary: This study constructs a high-resolution dataset for surface defects in ceramic tiles and addresses the scale and quantity differences in defect distribution. An improved approach is proposed by introducing a content-aware feature recombination method and a dynamic attention mechanism. Experimental results demonstrate the superior accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Qinghong Fu, Yunxi Lou, Jianghui Deng, Xin Qiu, Xianhua Chen
Summary: Measurement and quantitative characterization of aging-induced gradient properties is crucial for accurate analysis and design of asphalt pavement. This research proposes the composite specimen method to obtain asphalt binders at different depths within the mixture and uses dynamic shear rheometer tests to measure aging-induced gradient properties and reveal internal mechanisms. G* master curves are constructed to investigate gradient aging effects in a wide range. The study finds that the composite specimen method can effectively restore the boundary conditions and that it is feasible to study gradient aging characteristics within the asphalt mixture. The study also observes variations in G* and delta values and the depth range of gradient aging effects for different aging levels.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Min Li, Kai Wei, Tianhe Xu, Yali Shi, Dixing Wang
Summary: Due to the limitations of ground monitoring stations in China for the BDS, the accuracy of BDS Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellite orbits can be influenced. To overcome this, low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites can be used as additional monitoring stations. In this study, data from two LEO satellites were collected to improve the precise orbit determination of the BDS. By comparing the results with GPS and BDS-2/3 solutions, it was found that including the LEO satellites significantly improved the accuracy of GPS and BDS-2/3 orbits.
