Article
Anthropology
Mark McGovern
Summary: The British government's legislation to end all legacy investigations and court cases relating to the conflict in Northern Ireland has sparked controversy. Influenced by a long-term rightwing campaign and a culture of denial, the legislation aims to prevent further investigation and prosecution of former British soldiers, while disregarding the role of state collusion. However, this article challenges the narrative by highlighting the importance of recent reports on collusion for victims' families and shedding light on the patterns of collusion.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Elli Schwartz, Nathaniel Onnen, Peter F. Craigmile, Megan E. Roberts
Summary: This study found that the historical redlining in urban neighborhoods in the 1930s still has a persisting impact on the current disparities in tobacco retailer density, as retailer density increases with higher neighborhood grades. This highlights how intentional disparities can be perpetuated over time.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Adam M. Leventhal, Danielle R. Madden, Natalia Peraza, Sara J. Schiff, Lucas Lebovitz, Lauren Whitted, Jessica Barrington-Trimis, Tyler B. Mason, Marissa K. Anderson, Alayna P. Tackett
Summary: In this randomized clinical trial, exposure to e-cigarettes with salt vs free-base nicotine formulations resulted in higher appeal, sweetness, and smoothness ratings, and lower bitterness and harshness ratings among adult nicotine or tobacco product users. The findings suggest that acid additives in e-cigarettes may enhance the sensory experience of vaping and should be considered in e-cigarette regulation.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Clara Sancho-Domingo, Jose Luis Carballo, Ainhoa Coloma-Carmona, Carlos Van-der Hofstadt Roman, Santos Asensio Sanchez
Summary: This study examined the psychometric properties of the Minnesota Tobacco Withdrawal Scale (MTWS) during smoking cessation and analyzed the longitudinal invariance between smokers and abstainers. The results showed that the MTWS is a reliable and valid measure to assess withdrawal changes during cessation. However, caution should be taken when comparing long-term MTWS scores between smokers and abstainers due to potential differences in withdrawal patterns.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Lindsay T. Olson, Doris G. Gammon, Todd Rogers, Elizabeth M. Brown, James M. Nonnemaker, James G. Spinks, Ashley Ross, Xin Xu, Joanne Moze, Christine M. Matter, Joanne D'Silva
Summary: Expanding flavor policies to include menthol/mint/wintergreen was associated with significant decreases in unit sales of most menthol products, while increases in menthol and flavored ENDS sales in these cities may be associated with legal sales by exempted retailers and/or illicit sales by non-compliant retailers, highlighting opportunities for retailer education and enforcement.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Motohiro Nakajima, Shamso Jama, Nawal Noor, Robert Albee, Sahra A. Ali, Sahra F. Ali, Rebekah Pratt, Mustafa al'Absi
Summary: Prolonged stress poses a risk for mental health problems, particularly among immigrant communities. This study aimed to understand attitudes towards mental health and addiction among Somali immigrants, as well as perspectives on health research. Findings revealed that stress, personal commitment, and stigma were associated with mental health and addiction. Gender and generational differences were observed in ideas about addiction. Health research was seen as acceptable under culturally appropriate conditions. The study provided novel insights into mental health and addiction, as well as the feasibility of research within East African communities.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND ADDICTION
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Kamran Siddiqi, Ada Keding, Anna-Marie Marshall, Omara Dogar, Jinshuo Li, Rumana Huque, Razia Fatima, Amina Khan, Helen Elsey, Rhian Gabe, Daniel Kotz, Aziz Sheikh
Summary: Patients with TB who quit smoking during treatment may have better outcomes, including higher cure rates and lower relapse rates. Health professionals should offer support to help TB patients quit smoking for improved treatment outcomes.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Tyra Satchell, Megan C. Diaz, Daniel Stephens, Adrian Bertrand, Barbara A. Schillo, Laurie P. Whitsel
Summary: This study analyzes the impact of different approaches to restricting flavored tobacco products in Massachusetts and New Jersey. The results demonstrate that comprehensive prohibitions are more effective in reducing sales of flavored tobacco products compared to partial restrictions.
Article
Management
Michael Wyrwich, Philip J. Steinberg, Florian Noseleit, Pedro de Faria
Summary: Existing research focuses on the impact of founders in defining open innovation strategies, with founders less likely to engage if experiences lead to lack of trust. Exposure to surveillance activities in authoritarian regimes can leave a long-lasting imprint, affecting strategic decisions.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Lin Zhu, Katy J. L. Bell, Andrew Hayen
Summary: Post-trial follow-up studies are crucial for investigating the long-term effectiveness of interventions after randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Legacy effects, which are intervention effects observed only after the trial has ended, have not received enough attention, especially regarding potential selection bias in post-trial studies.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Anna-Maria A. Eder
Summary: This article discusses the normativity of epistemic rationality and the view of epistemic teleology, arguing that we have the right to believe rational propositions, but not necessarily should do so. The author's epistemic teleological position suggests that we do not necessarily have to strive for truth.
Letter
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Philip Joseph D. Sarmiento, John Federick C. Yap, Kevin Aldrin G. Espinosa, Ria P. Ignacio, Carisma A. Caro
Summary: This paper emphasizes the importance of data sharing and analysis in the era of COVID-19, calling for ethical responsibility in handling COVID-19 data. The authors suggest that during a pandemic, we need to impact and protect the lives of ordinary people through fair data analysis.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Michael Glassman, Shantanu Tilak, Min Ju Kang
Summary: The paper discusses the operationalization of open educational practices using innovative pedagogies influenced by the Internet and highlights the dangers of post-truth narratives. It provides examples of implementing open source educational processes curriculum based on an ecologically grounded framework.
DISTANCE EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Lauren A. Gardner, Amy-Leigh Rowe, Emily Stockings, Katrina E. Champion, Leanne Hides, Nyanda McBride, Steve Allsop, Siobhan O'Dean, Matthew Sunderland, Yong Yi Lee, Cathy Mihalopoulos, Becky Freeman, Janni Leung, Hayden McRobbie, Lexine Stapinski, Nicole Lee, Louise Thornton, Jennifer Debenham, Maree Teesson, Nicola C. Newton
Summary: This article describes the protocol of the OurFutures Vaping Trial, which aims to evaluate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a school-based eHealth intervention targeting e-cigarettes in Australia. The study will be conducted through a two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial and will involve web-based cartoon lessons and activities. The research will also examine the long-term cost-effectiveness and effects on primary and secondary outcomes.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Todd B. Combs, Joseph T. Ornstein, Veronica L. Chaitan, Shelley D. Golden, Lisa Henriksen, Douglas A. Luke
Summary: The study found that the majority of urban residents in 30 large US cities live in neighborhoods with an excessive number of tobacco retailers. The effects of reducing tobacco retailers vary across cities, with the importance of baseline proximity between residents and retailers in policy design.