Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dan-lu Pan, Wei-ting Jiang, Rui-tang Guo, Yang Huang, Wei-guo Pan
Summary: The combustion characteristics of waste tire powders, bituminous coal, and their blends were studied using a thermogravimetric analyzer. An increase in heating rate led to higher combustion temperature of tire powders but reduced maximum weight loss rate. Blends of coal and tire powders exhibited characteristics similar to their individual components, indicating minimal interaction effects between the two materials.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Anibal Alviz-Meza, S. Ismat Shah, Viatcheslav Kafarov, Dario Y. Pena-Ballesteros
Summary: This study evaluated the corrosion of 9Cr-1Mo steel under an acidic gas environment with H2S from recovered flue gases in the petrochemical industry. The results suggest that caution should be exercised when using recovered gas containing H2S in facilities that are vulnerable to sulfidation.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Masayuki Taniguchi, Tomiaki Kozuma, Yohei Takashima, Toshikazu Tsumura
Summary: We developed a simplified coal combustion model in combination with detailed gas reaction models for co-firing systems. By modifying reaction models based on experimental results, we achieved a significant reduction in NOx prediction error and improved the calculation accuracy of coal burnout. The concentration of radicals in the gas phase had a direct impact on NOx prediction accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Nicolas Spiegl, Xiangyi Long, Cesar Berrueco, Nigel Paterson, Marcos Millan
Summary: A novel process has been developed to isolate a concentrated stream of CO2 from the exhaust of a power station by operating a fluidized bed gasifier with pure O2 and recycled CO2. By combining CO2 capture with the use of biomass, net negative emissions can be achieved. Co-processing biomass with lignite can further improve overall process performance.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ahmed M. R. N. Alrashidi, Nor Mariah Adam, Mohd Khairol Anuar Bin Mohd Ariffin, Alajmi Fnyees, Amer Alajmi, Alrashidi Naser, Hairuddin Abdul Aziz
Summary: The adoption of biorenewable alternative fuel resources can reduce toxic greenhouse gas emissions from gas turbine engines. However, inefficient engine performance still leads to emissions of toxic gases. This study integrates plasma combustion technology into a micro-GTE using biodiesel fuel, and demonstrates improved performance, reduced fuel consumption, and decreased GHG emissions.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhaochen Shi, Yixiang Shu, Zongyi Wang, Hui Mao, Jiaye Zhang, Houzhang Tan, Xuebin Wang
Summary: Coal gasification is an effective method for clean and efficient utilization of coal, and the by-product of coal gasification, coal gasification fine slag, has high carbon content, large specific surface area, developed pore structure, and high output. Combustion has become an effective large-scale disposal method for coal gasification fine slag, and the fine slag after combustion can be further used as construction raw materials. This study investigated the emission characteristics of gas-phase pollutants and particulate matter under different combustion conditions, and found that co-firing coal gasification fine slag with raw coal can reduce submicron particle emission and total emission of gas-phase pollutants. Elemental analysis showed that furnace temperature and O2 concentration significantly influenced the formation of submicron particles.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Qinwen Liu, Wenqi Zhong, Aibing Yu, Chi-Hwa Wang
Summary: With the improvement of the models for oxy-fuel co-firing, the adaptability of the models to the oxy-fuel atmosphere can be enhanced, and the accurate prediction of NO, N2O, SO2 emissions can be achieved. This study also provided valuable information for the design and operation control of oxy-fuel co-firing of coal and biomass in a fluidized bed.
Article
Thermodynamics
Hong Du, Xiuyun Ma, Miao Jiang, Peifang Yan, Z. Conrad Zhang
Summary: A new strategy was developed to significantly increase the carbon utilization efficiency of biomass fast pyrolysis by co-upgrading the by-products. The reaction of corncob char with simulated pyrolysis gas showed the feasibility of producing valuable CO and H-2 at suitable temperatures. The high reactivity of raw corncob biochar due to its high potassium content makes co-upgrading for syngas production feasible without further treatment.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Peter Nai Yuh Yek, Xiangmeng Chen, Wanxi Peng, Rock Keey Liew, Chin Kui Cheng, Christian Sonne, How Sing Sii, Su Shiung Lam
Summary: This study developed an innovative microwave co-torrefaction (MCT) process to convert palm waste fruit bunch pellets and used cooking oil (UCO) into torrefied biomass pellets as an alternative fuel, which showed higher energy yield and lower oxygen content. Microwave heating can achieve the desired high process temperatures in a shorter time compared to conventional furnace, and MCT exhibits lower activation energy and energy consumption than conventional co-torrefaction method.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Leila Fathyunes, M. A. Mohtadi-Bonab
Summary: Gas turbines are widely used in various applications and play a significant role in sustainable energy generation. However, many turbines experience unexpected and catastrophic failure due to the synergistic effects of multiple damage mechanisms. This review paper investigates the damages caused by corrosion and fatigue in turbines, such as fatigue corrosion, hot corrosion and oxidation, and thermomechanical fatigue, emphasizing their combined effect. The mechanism of fatigue crack initiation and growth in corrosive environments is also examined. Furthermore, the influence of loading conditions, corrosive environment characteristics, and turbine material properties on this failure is summarized. Common methods for addressing corrosion fatigue damage, including surface treatment and cathodic protection, are briefly discussed.
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
M. Gutierrez, A. Illana, A. Bahillo, M. J. Benito, G. Garcia-Martin, F. J. Perez, A. Aguero
Summary: This study compares the biomass corrosion behavior of two different diffusion aluminide coatings on different steels. The results show that the coated materials have high corrosion resistance, while the uncoated materials exhibit severe corrosion. The corrosion patterns and products are similar for both coated and uncoated materials in both environments.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
A. Fazil, Sandeep Kumar, Sanjay M. Mahajani
Summary: Gasification is a technically feasible method for municipal solid waste valorization, which can meet emission limits and reduce landfill burden. This study investigates the potential of using paper-rich commercial refused-derived fuel (RDF) with high ash content for gasification and co-gasification. The results suggest that co-gasification can reduce overall ash content and increase the heating value of the gas produced.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Dmitry Pashchenko
Summary: Hydrogen-rich fuel can effectively reduce CO2 emissions in a combined cycle power plant. The addition of hydrogen to methane nonlinearly decreases CO2 emissions, and using renewable energy for steam methane reforming can further reduce emissions.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Lucio Zaccariello, Maria Laura Mastellone
Summary: This study investigated the impact of gasifying agent and bed material on the co-gasification performance of coal, plastic waste, and wood. The experiments were conducted using different reactant gases and bed materials in a lab-scale bubbling fluidized bed reactor. The results showed that both the gasifying agent and bed material significantly influenced the gas composition and overall process performance. The test with oxygen-enriched air and silica sand had the highest heating value of the producer gas, while the air/steam mixture and olivine had the best performance in terms of gas yield and tar reduction.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Michel Moliere
Summary: Land-based gas turbines are continuous-flow engines with permanent flames and stable conditions. They offer significant design space for efficient combustion systems and have remarkable fuel flexibility. This paper discusses the technical considerations behind the fuel portfolio and the spectrum of alternative fuels, including biogenic products and hydrogen, as well as the historical development of new fuel territories for land-based gas turbines.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Stefano Mori, Joy Sumner, Justin Bouvet, Nigel J. Simms
Summary: To address climate change, the energy sector is developing strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study characterizes the behavior of candidate alloys (Sanicro 25 and IN740) at high temperatures, investigating their degradation and oxidation in different environments.
MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Stefano Mori, Andy Pidcock, Joy Sumner, Nigel Simms, John Oakey
Summary: Research shows that at temperatures above 700 degrees Celsius, the corrosion damage of stainless steel alloys is more severe than nickel-based alloys, with the latter having a longer lifespan in such conditions.
OXIDATION OF METALS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
T. Sanusi, J. Sumner, N. J. Simms
Summary: This study compares the fireside corrosion of waste wood fuels and herbaceous grass biomass fuels in combustion power plants. It finds that the corrosion rates are influenced by vapor condensation fluxes and the deposit chemistries generated by different fuel categories.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Stefano Mori, Toyin Sanusi, Nigel Simms, Joy Sumner
Summary: To address climate change, power plants need to switch to greener fuels. One possible fuel is biomass, which is a carbon neutral/low-carbon fuel. However, the chemistry of biomass is different from coal and varies depending on its sources, containing trace elements that can alter the corrosion of heat exchangers. Laboratory testing has shown that corrosion behavior is dependent on the alloy and deposit chemistries, with different materials showing different responses.
MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Andy Pidcock, Stefano Mori, Joy Sumner, Nigel Simms, John Nicholls, John Oakey
Summary: This study investigates the corrosion performance of FeCrAl, NiCr, NiCrAlY, and A625 coatings applied by HVOF and exposed to simulated biomass firing conditions. The results show that all coatings, except HVOF NiCr, outperformed the T92 alloy. No clear advantage was found in terms of coating composition or application method. Evidence of Cr depletion and the formation of a sulphidation layer were observed in the exposed coated samples. Additionally, a K2SO4 layer was formed on all coated specimens.
HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION OF MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Robin Abu, Kumar Patchigolla, Nigel Simms, Edward John Anthony
Summary: The use of hydrocarbon fuels and natural gas flaring is increasing due to population growth and rising standards of living. This paper aims to establish a framework and management tool to reduce regular gas flaring in Nigeria. The tool incorporates techno-economic analysis to assist operators and investors in making more profitable investment decisions.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Boma Phoebe Norman, Hisham Al Baroudi, Andrew Potter, Stefano Mori, Nigel Simms, Anand Kulkarni, Joy Sumner
Summary: Global power consumption is expected to double by 2050, driven by the transportation and energy sectors, necessitating emissions limitations. Supercritical-CO2 cycles are gaining attention as a potential solution due to their compact turbomachinery, better thermal efficiency, and simpler layout. One technical challenge is quantifying the degradation pathway of turbine materials in sCO(2), as proper selection is crucial for the operation of new plants. This study conducted laboratory tests to assess the degradation of turbine alloys in representative environments simulating the Allam cycle.
MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mori Stefan, Pidcock Andy, Sumner Joy, Simms Nigel, Oakey John
Summary: The energy sector needs to implement new strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as increasing steam temperatures/pressures or using low carbon fuels like biomass. However, these strategies lead to degradation issues in heat exchanger materials due to the formation of corrosive deposits, requiring the use of expensive nickel-based materials or coatings. This study focuses on the behavior of three different coatings (HVOF NiCrFeSi, laser clad FeCrAl, and Laser Clad NiCrFeSi) deposited on TP347HFG at 700 degrees C in simulated biomass combustion environments.
MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Andrew Potter, Joy Sumner, Nigel Simms
Summary: Gas turbine materials with refractory metal precipitates are vulnerable to alloy-induced acidic fluxing, causing degradation around alloy precipitates. The study investigates the effects of alloy-induced hot corrosion and the inability to develop a protective scale using molybdenum particles added to the deposit for a hot corrosion test. Results show a mix of sulphidation and pitting, with more severe effects observed in MarM 509 compared to PWA 1483.
MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shamsuddeen Ashurah Abubakar, Stefano Mori, Joy Sumner
Summary: Offshore pipelines are vulnerable to stresses and corrosive environments, especially in the presence of trace gases such as CO2. The corrosion rate and morphology of the pipeline can be affected, which is crucial in determining the risk. This study investigates the impact of CO2 on corrosion and provides insights for material selection in specific operational environments.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yilun Gong, Simon P. A. Gill, Sabrina Yan, Rebecca Higginson, Joy Sumner, Nigel J. Simms, Henrik Larsson, Aya Shin, Jonathan M. Pearson, David J. Young, Colin Atkinson, Alan C. F. Cocks, Roger C. Reed
Summary: This study quantifies and models the corrosion of Fe9Cr1Mo steel in pressurized CO2 to provide clarity on the poorly-understood mechanism of breakaway oxidation. The temperature range of 400-640 degrees C, relevant to nuclear power plants, is emphasized. The attack occurs in the form of combined oxide scale growth and internal carburization. The time-dependent carbon activity at the metal surface suggests kinetically-limited carbon transport due to the slow Boudouard reaction. Breakaway is associated with the steel reaching saturation with respect to carbon. Diffusion modeling agrees well with observations of steel carbide precipitation.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Stefano Mori, Mathilde Mendil, Jonathan Wells, Neil Chapman, Nigel Simms, Roger Wells, Joy Sumner
Summary: Gas turbines are prone to hot corrosion attack on components such as blades, which can reduce their lifetimes. This corrosion is driven by impurity levels in the fuel and air, and is affected by environmental conditions. Understanding the deposition flux of such contaminants is crucial for addressing the problem.
ENERGY SYSTEMS-OPTIMIZATION MODELING SIMULATION AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Halar Memon, Eskil Gjerde, Alex Lynam, Amiya Chowdhury, Geert De Maere, Grazziela Figueredo, Tanvir Hussain
Summary: This study proposes the first use of the active learning framework in thermal spray to enhance the accuracy of in-flight particle characteristics prediction. By implementing Bayesian Optimization, the maximum uncertainty is reduced, significantly improving the prediction accuracy and informativeness of the existing database. The AL-driven optimization not only accurately predicts the particle characteristics but also finds expected improvements around desired in-flight characteristics.
ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Halar Memon, Kah Leng, Acacio Rincon Romero, Siddharth Lokachari, Nicholas Curry, Tanvir Hussain
Summary: This study evaluates the performance of thermal barrier coatings in terms of surface temperatures and resistance to a corrosive environment. It shows that suspension high-velocity oxy-fuel (SHVOF)-sprayed dense vertically cracked (DVC) topcoats perform better than suspension-plasma-sprayed (SPS) columnar structure (CS) topcoats. The DVC topcoats offer a balanced trade-off and exceed the durability of the CS topcoats.
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
(2023)