Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xuyang Zhou, Ankit Gupta, Garritt J. Tucker, Gregory B. Thompson
Summary: By controlling the annealing temperature and chemical composition, two distinct nanocrystalline stability mechanisms can be activated in the same Ni(P) alloy, including thermodynamic stabilization and Zener pinning. Each mechanism has its own advantages and disadvantages, with the thermodynamic mechanism yielding a more refined and stable grain size, while the Zener pinning mechanism provides higher pinning strength.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Koushik Sikdar, Avik Mahata, Barna Roy, Debdas Roy
Summary: Nanocrystalline alloy design with both 'thermodynamic' and 'kinetic' stabilisation mechanisms leads to superior microstructural stability at elevated temperatures. By synthesising a ternary Cu98.5W1Zr0.5 alloy using mechanical milling at cryogenic temperature followed by hot pressing at 550 degrees C, the potential of these mechanisms working together was assessed. The alloy exhibited only a slight decrease in hardness (about 0.5 GPa), confirming its stability up to 800 degrees C. The effects of alloy addition on microstructure were examined using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Mechanical properties were evaluated using shear punch test (SPT). The results indicate that this approach could be used to design bulk nanostructured alloys using a bottom-up method.
PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xuefeng Lu, Wei Zhang, Junqiang Ren, Qing Gao, Hongtao Xue, Fuling Tang, Peiqing La, Xin Guo
Summary: Grain boundary movement is closely related to plastic deformation of materials. In this study, the introduction of carbon atoms formed a highly stable carbon chain network, which greatly enhanced the stability of the grain boundaries and showed strong dislocation pinning capability. The results revealed that an appropriate amount of carbon content increased the yield strength and tensile strength, while excessive carbon content inhibited the generation of dislocations and resulted in a decline in the mechanical properties of the alloy. This research provides a new strategy for grain boundary engineering by introducing non-metallic atoms.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Mingyu Wu, Yujuan Zhang, Zhihang Wang, Kaikai Qiu, Yaxian Shi, Changchun Ge
Summary: In this study, the solution and aggregation behaviors of yttrium (Y) on a symmetrically inclined tungsten (W) grain boundary were systematically investigated. The results showed that the most stable site for Y is on the grain boundary plane, and the solution energy of the substitutional site increases with distance from the grain boundary plane. Segregation was also observed, with Y atoms preferentially occupying substitutional sites on the grain boundary plane. Alloying Y atoms at the grain boundary plane can effectively strengthen the grain boundary.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Cheng-Da Wu, He-Xing Li
Summary: The addition of Zr solute into NC-Cu systems stabilizes grain boundaries and suppresses dislocation activity, leading to increased elastic deformation phase. The maximum tensile and shear strengths of NC-Cu/Zr systems are found at Zr concentrations of 5% and 3% respectively, while Young's modulus and mechanical strength decrease with increasing Zr concentration. Grain boundary sliding dominates shear deformation and induces dislocation activity in the NC-Cu/Zr systems.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hongyang Lin, Peng Hua, Kai Huang, Qiao Li, Qingping Sun
Summary: We fabricated a nanocrystalline NiTi with an average grain size of 31 nm and high-density (4.7 x 1015 m-2) dislocations via cold rolling (38% thickness reduction) and annealing (310 degrees C, 2 min) for elastocaloric cooling. The high-density-dislocation nanocrystalline NiTi exhibited a high yield strength of 2.09 GPa and a large and stable average temperature drop of 17.3 degrees C over 106 phase-transition cycles under the stress of 1.4 GPa at room temperature. This was attributed to the grain boundary and dislocation strengthening mechanisms, which suppressed the nucleation of transformation-induced dislocations. The simple and effective processing route of cold rolling and low-temperature annealing can be used for mass production of bulk nanostructured NiTi with stable elastocaloric cooling performances.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jacob Hohl, Pankaj Kumar, Mano Misra, Pradeep Menezes, Leslie T. Mushongera
Summary: Nanocrystalline metals can be stabilized by introducing preferential dopants to enhance the stability of the material's microstructure. Magnesium, lanthanum, and silicon are identified as effective dopant elements capable of promoting thermodynamic stability in aluminum's nanocrystalline regime.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ooraphan Chirayutthanasak, Rajchawit Sarochawikasit, Apiwat Wisitsorasak, Nopporn Rujisamphan, Timofey Frolov, Tomas Oppelstrup, Somsak Dangtip, Gregory S. Rohrer, Sutatch Ratanaphan
Summary: This study introduces a function for the grain boundary energy of tungsten, allowing the energy distribution of boundaries to be described by crystallographic parameters. The comparison between measured grain boundary areas and energies at difficult-to-determine misorientations shows inverse correlations, similar to observations in other metals.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mingyu Wu, Wenting Lv, Yujuan Zhang, Yu Yang, Zhihang Wang, Kaikai Qiu, Yaxian Shi, Bo Zhao, Changchun Ge
Summary: We systematically studied the solution and aggregation behavior of Potassium (K) in the symmetrical tilt Tungsten (W) grain boundary (GB) Sigma 5(310)/[001] through first-principles simulations. The lowest-energy substitutional sites are the nearest neighbor sites of GB (V1) in the W-GB, instead of the GB sites themselves, which can be understood by the charge redistribution between the K and W atoms. Interestingly, our simulations show that segregation of multiple K atoms in W GB will form a cluster structure around the GB, which is well consistent with previous experimental reports. Electronic analysis reveals that previously trapped K atoms adjust the electronic densities around them to be more suitable for trapping more K atoms. Due to the greater binding energy of K-K over W-W at the GB, incorporation of K atoms leads to a slight increase in the fracture energy of the GB structure.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wei Zhang, Xuefeng Lu, Junqiang Ren, Junchen Li, Hongtao Xue, Fuling Tang, Xin Guo
Summary: Solute element segregation behavior significantly affects the mechanical properties and deformation mechanism of nanocrystals. By using molecular dynamics, we investigated the effect of segregation structure on the deformation mechanism of NiCoAl nanocrystalline. The results reveal that complete segregation of Al within the grain leads to poor grain boundary stability and ineffective hindrance of dislocation movement, resulting in inferior mechanical properties. However, when 4% of Al transitions to the grain boundary, the stability improves significantly, generating lamination structures that effectively strengthen the nanocrystals.
CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
W. Streit Cunningham, Khalid Hattar, Yuanyuan Zhu, Danny J. Edwards, Jason R. Trelewicz
Summary: The study investigates the role of dopants in controlling defect annihilation behavior in nanocrystalline W alloy, with titanium stabilizing the nanostructure against irradiation induced grain growth. The findings suggest that titanium enhances the grain boundary sink strength for defects through transient stages of accumulation and recovery.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xuyang Zhou, Reza Darvishi Kamachali, Brad L. Boyce, Blythe G. Clark, Dierk Raabe, Gregory B. Thompson
Summary: Spinodal decomposition has been a key phenomenon in considering the formation of secondary phases in alloys for over half a century, offering an alternative mechanism to nucleation and growth without an energy barrier. In nanocrystalline alloys, the influence of structurally heterogeneous grain boundaries on chemical decomposition behavior cannot be neglected, as they can profoundly alter the spinodal decomposition. Multiple interfacial states, from competitive grain boundary segregation to barrier-free low-dimensional interfacial decomposition, can occur with a dependency upon the grain boundary character.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mingguang Yao, Fangren Shen, Dezhou Guo, Hua Zhang, Chunguang Zhai, Yuchen Shang, Jiajun Dong, Yuanlong Zhao, Zhaodong Liu, Zhipeng Li, Haixin Li, Hongdong Li, Qi An, Bingbing Liu
Summary: Introducing nanostructures into diamonds can synthesize superhard materials, but grain boundary effects become crucial yet complicated in nanopolycrystalline diamond (NPD), making it challenging to tailor nanostructures. This study demonstrates a strengthening strategy for sintered NPD by introducing thin amorphous grain boundary (AGB) using atomistic simulations and experiments. The sintered NPD with thin AGB shows significant hardness and fracture toughness enhancement, exceeding that of single crystal diamonds. This study suggests that grain boundary modulation provides a promising approach for designing high-performance superhard materials.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Tianjiao Lei, Mingjie Xu, Jungho Shin, Daniel S. Gianola, Timothy J. Rupert
Summary: Unique nanorod precipitates with a core-shell structure are found to nucleate from the grain boundaries of a bulk nanocrystalline Al-Ni-Y alloy. The local structure and chemistry of these features during annealing are studied. As annealing time increases, more nanorods transform to an ordered structure while the shell chemistry transitions from Y-rich to Ni-rich. The correlation between the nanorods and amorphous complexions is observed.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Jinliang Du, Jie Li, Yunli Feng, Ying Li, Fucheng Zhang
Summary: In order to improve the strength and plasticity of structural materials, various strengthening mechanisms are introduced. In this study, a deep learning network structure based on the residual algorithm was optimized using transfer learning data to establish a yield strength prediction model for polycrystalline metallic materials. A medium carbon steel heterostructure design strategy was proposed and successfully applied to prepare medium-carbon heterostructure materials with mixed strengthening mechanisms. The MHSM showed excellent comprehensive mechanical properties.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yong-Jie Hu, Shun-Li Shang, Yi Wang, Kristopher A. Darling, Brady G. Butler, Laszlo J. Kecskes, Zi-Kui Liu
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2016)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Brady G. Butler, James D. Paramore, Jonathan P. Ligda, Chai Ren, Z. Zak Fang, Scott C. Middlemas, Kevin J. Hemker
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2018)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chai Ren, Z. Zak Fang, Mark Koopman, Brady Butler, James Paramore, Scott Middlemas
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2018)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Brady G. Butler, Scott C. Middlemas, Eric M. Klier, James D. Paramore, Daniel T. Casem, Kevin J. Hemker
Article
Polymer Science
Aaron C. Jackson, Scott D. Walck, Kenneth E. Strawhecker, Brady G. Butler, Robert H. Lambeth, Frederick L. Beyer
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
James D. Paramore, Zhigang Zak Fang, Matthew Dunstan, Pei Sun, Brady G. Butler
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2017)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chai Ren, Z. Zak Fang, Lei Xu, Jonathan P. Ligda, James D. Paramore, Brady G. Butler
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Matthew K. Dunstan, Avi Gordon, James D. Paramore, Brady G. Butler
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Matthew K. Dunstan, James D. Paramore, Z. Zak Fang, Jonathan P. Ligda, Brady G. Butler
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
James D. Paramore, Matthew K. Dunstan, Brady G. Butler, Daniel O. Lewis
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Charles Borenstein, Brady G. Butler, James D. Paramore, Karl T. Hartwig, Michael J. Demkowicz
Summary: We examined the microstructures of extruded sintered composites of copper and tantalum that underwent equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE). These composites had varying Ta volume percentages from 25% to 75%. We also prepared composites with the same Ta content but with a small amount of titanium added to enhance interphase bonding. The addition of titanium significantly improved the strength and co-deformability of the composites, allowing for the extrusion of Cu-Ta composites with unique microstructures. Titanium appears to soften the Ta, which reduces the flow stress mismatch between the composite constituents and improves co-deformability, and it may also enhance cohesion between Cu and Ta by reducing Ta surface oxides, as evidenced by changes in the fracture surface morphology.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Laura C. Moody, Ion J. Powell, Daniel O. Lewis, Matthew C. Johnson, Brady G. Butler, James D. Paramore
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2020)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Manufacturing
Jonathan P. Ligda, Brady G. Butler, Nathaniel Saenz, James Paramore
MECHANICS OF ADDITIVE AND ADVANCED MANUFACTURING, VOL 8
(2019)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
James D. Paramore, Matthew K. Dunstan, Jonathan P. Ligda, Z. Zak Fang, Pei Sun, Brady G. Butler
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POWDER METALLURGY
(2018)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ahmad Mirzaei, Peter D. Hodgson, Xiang Ma, Vanessa K. Peterson, Ehsan Farabi, Gregory S. Rohrer, Hossein Beladi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of parent austenite grain refinement on the intervariant boundary network in a lath martensitic steel. It found that refining the parent austenite grain led to a decrease in the fraction of certain boundaries in the martensite and an increase in the connectivity of low energy boundaries, ultimately improving the impact toughness.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
N. L. Church, C. E. P. Talbot, L. D. Connor, S. Michalik, N. G. Jones
Summary: Metastable beta Ti alloys based on the Ti-Nb system have attracted attention due to their unique properties. However, the unstable cyclic behavior of these alloys has hindered their widespread industrial use. Recent studies have shown that internal stresses, including those from dislocations, may be responsible for this behavior. This study demonstrates that inter-cycle thermal treatments can mitigate the unstable cyclic behavior, providing a significant breakthrough in our understanding of Ti-Nb superelastic materials.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Di Zhao, Chenchen Zhao, Ziyang Xiu, Jiuchun Yan
Summary: This study proposes a novel strategy for achieving the bonding of SiC ceramic and Al alloy using ultrasound. The ultrasound promotes the dissolution of Al into the solder, activating the solder and triggering the interfacial reaction between SiC ceramic and solder. With increasing ultrasonic duration, the bonding between SiC and Al transitions from partial to full metallurgical bonding.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Kang Du, Yang Zhang, Guangda Zhao, Tao Huang, Liyuan Liu, Junpeng Li, Xiyu Wang, Zhongwu Zhang
Summary: This paper systematically investigated the evolution of microstructure in Fe-Ni-Co-Al polycrystalline alloys and its effects on mechanical properties. The results revealed that the migration of grain boundaries in different processes is driven by different factors, which impacts the grain orientation and precipitate formation. In the process of directional recrystallization, grains with specific orientations grow in the grain boundary region and form the dominant orientation, while grains with lower migration rate form the minor orientation. The alloy produced through directional recrystallization exhibited good recoverable strain and superelastic strain, while the alloy produced through solid solution treatment showed no evident superelastic behavior.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Edohamen Awannegbe, Liang Chen, Yue Zhao, Zhijun Qiu, Huijun Li
Summary: This study employed laser metal deposition to additively manufacture Ti-15Mo wt% alloy, and subsequently subjected it to post-fabrication uniaxial thermomechanical processing. The results showed that different zones in the microstructure remained after processing, and deformation mechanisms mainly involved slip and martensite formation. The compressive mechanical properties were found to be dependent on strain rate, with higher flow stress and compressive strength observed at higher strain rates. Grain structure homogenisation was not achieved, leading to anisotropic tensile properties.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Reza Khatib Zadeh Davani, Enyinnaya George Ohaeri, Sandeep Yadav, Jerzy A. Szpunar, Jing Su, Michael Gaudet, Muhammad Rashid, Muhammad Arafin
Summary: This research aims to investigate the effect of roughing and finishing reductions on crystallographic texture. The results show significant heterogeneity in the centerline region, with higher intensity of certain textures. Drop Weight Tear Test indicates that steel specimens with lower and medium reductions exhibit superior low-temperature impact toughness compared to steel with higher reductions. The electrochemical hydrogen charging experiments confirm the presence of internal hydrogen cracks only in steel with lower and medium reductions.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Flavio De Barbieri, Denis Jorge-Badiola, Rodrigo Allende, Karem Tello, Alfredo Artigas, Franco Perazzo, Henry Jami, Juan Perez Ipina
Summary: This study examines the effect of Cr additions on the mechanical behavior of TWIP steel at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 350°C. The results indicate that different temperature-dependent strengthening mechanisms, including mechanical twinning, Dynamic Strain Aging, and slip bands, are at play. The stacking fault energy (SFE) influences the percentage of mechanical twinning, which in turn affects the strain hardening rate.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hanlin Peng, Siming Huang, Ling Hu, Bingbing Luo, Liejun Li, Ian Baker
Summary: This study explores the weldability, microstructures, and mechanical properties of two L1(2)-nanoparticle-strengthened medium-entropy alloys after electron beam welding (EBW). The results show that strong yet ductile defect-free joints were produced, with larger grain sizes in the fusion zones compared to the heat-affected zones and base materials. Both EBWed MEAs exhibited high yield strengths, high ultimate tensile strengths, and good fracture strains at 77 K. The V-doping improved the cryogenic mechanical properties of the TMT MEA.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yongxin Wang, Lei Chen, Lizi Shao, Shuo Hao, Motomichi Koyama, Xingzhou Cai, Xiaocong Ma, Miao Jin
Summary: This study investigated the tensile deformation behavior of an Mn-N bearing lean duplex stainless steel with metastable austenite. The results showed that the strain rate had significant influence on the work hardening, strain-induced martensitic transformation, and fracture mechanism.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jong Woo Won, Seulbi Lee, Hye-Jeong Choe, Yong-Taek Hyun, Dong Won Lee, Jeong Hun Lee
Summary: Cold-rolled pure titanium showed improved sheet formability after undergoing cryogenic-deformation treatment. This treatment increased the thinning capability of the titanium and suppressed cracking during sheet forming. The formation of twins during deformation contributed to high thinning capability and increased strength through grain refinement and dislocation accumulation.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Handong Li, Lin Su, Lijuan Wang, Yanbin Jiang, Jiahui Long, Gaoyong Lin, Zhu Xiao, Yanlin Jia, Zhou Li
Summary: Homogenization heat treatment is a key procedure in controlling the second phase, enhancing composition uniformity, and workability of as-cast Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy. This study found that electropulsing treatment (EPT) can significantly reduce treatment temperature and time, improve elongation and overall mechanical properties of the alloy.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yuxuan Wang, Juntao Zou, Lixing Sun, Yunfei Bai, Zhe Zhang, Junsheng Cheng, Lin Shi, Dazhuo Song, Yihui Jiang, Zhiwei Zhang
Summary: A novel mechanical-heat-electricity synergistic method was proposed to enhance the mechanical properties of Cu-15Sn-0.3Ti alloy by forming annealing twins (ATs). The combination method of Rotary swaging (RS) and Electric pulse treatment (EPT) successfully induced recrystallization and refinement of the microstructure, leading to a significant increase in the strength of the alloy within a short time.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zhiyi Ding, Jiangtao Xie, Tong Wang, Aiying Chen, Bin Gan, Jinchao Song
Summary: This study demonstrated the Ta-induced strengthening of CoCrNi-AlTi MEAs using nanoscale heterogeneous coherent precipitates. The addition of Ta and aging treatments significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the alloy, including yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Z. Y. You, Z. Y. Tang, B. Wang, H. W. Zhang, P. Li, L. Zhao, F. B. Chu, H. Ding
Summary: The mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of C-doped TRIP-assisted HEA under dynamic loading conditions were systematically investigated in this study. The results showed that dynamic tensile deformation led to an increase in yield strength and a decrease in ultimate tensile strength, with a trend towards increased total elongation. The primary deformation mechanisms shifted from TRIP and TWIP effects to deformation twinning and dislocations. The presence of carbides formed through C-doping hindered dislocation slip and promoted the activation of multiple twinning systems.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Feng Qin, Feihu Chen, Junhua Hou, Wenjun Lu, Shaohua Chen, Jianjun Li
Summary: Plastic instability in strong multilayered composites is completely suppressed by architecting nanoscale BCC Nb crystalline-amorphous CuNb interfaces.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)