Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nadezhda Dudova
Summary: This paper provides an overview of the creep strength and microstructural features of 9% Cr and 10-12% Cr martensitic steels with high B and low N contents, achieved through modifying the chemical composition. The optimal B/N ratio in steels is discussed, and the creep properties are compared with those of traditional B and N content steels. The relationship between the stability of lath structure and precipitates and the creep strength of steels is also explored, along with future prospects of this alloying modification.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Igor Velkavrh, Joeel Voyer, Fevzi Kafexhiu, Bojan Podgornik
Summary: Coarsening of precipitates in 9-12 wt.% Cr steels significantly influences their creep, friction, and wear behaviors after aging, with the number and size of precipitates playing a crucial role in determining the mechanical properties of the steels. The study shows that prior to aging, the steel matrix morphology governs the creep rate and tribological performance, while after aging, the combination of the number and size of precipitates becomes an additional factor in determining the mechanical properties of the steels.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Johan Ewald Westraadt, William Edward Goosen, Aleksander Kostka, Hongcai Wang, Gunther Eggeler
Summary: The formation of modified Z-phase in a 12Cr1MoV tempered martensite ferritic steel during creep testing at high temperature and stress was investigated. The results showed that the modified Z-phase precipitated in both the uniformly-elongated gauge and thread regions of the fractured sample. Localized creep-strain strongly promoted the formation of the modified Z-phase.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
A. Fedoseeva, I. Nikitin, N. Dudova, R. Kaibyshev
Summary: The precipitation of Z-phase in 9% Cr-3% Co martensitic steel during creep at 923 K and 948 K is influenced by temperature, with significant effects on nucleation mechanisms and coarsening behaviors. Different mechanisms of Z-phase precipitation have been observed, including in-situ transformation of MX carbonitrides and strain-induced metastable Z-phase nucleation.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Ao Tang, Haiting Liu, Ran Chen, Guisen Liu, Qingquan Lai, Yong Zhong, Li Wang, Jeff Wang, Qi Lu, Yao Shen
Summary: The study revealed that different volume fractions and distributions of martensite can lead to different damage modes in ferrite-martensite dual-phase steels. Through mesoscale stress and strain analysis, we identified the origins of these damage modes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Akihiko Kimura, Wei Sang, Wentuo Han, Kiyohiro Yabuuchi, Zongxi Xin, Junhua Luan, Peng Dou
Summary: The age-hardening behavior of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steels with different Cr and Al contents was studied through Vickers hardness measurement and tensile tests after ageing at 475 degrees C for up to 900 hours. Atom probe tomography (APT) was used to investigate the evolution of nanometer-scale structure and chemistry. The results revealed that the age-hardening mechanism in ODS steels involves alpha-alpha' phase separation and/or the precipitation of (Al, Ti)-enriched f1 phases. The concentration and volume fraction of alpha' phase increased significantly with increasing Cr content, while the chemical compositions and volume fraction of f1 phases remained relatively constant during ageing.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Deep Choudhuri, Skyler Matteson, Reilly Knox
Summary: In concentrated Ni-Cr alloys, the formation of a coupled Cr-rich BCC and Ni-rich closed-packed structure in the pre-critical nucleus is influenced by prior phase separation of the alloy melt.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Tian-Ye Niu, Peng Zhao, Gang Zhu, Jian-Guo Gong, Fu-Zhen Xuan
Summary: This study elucidates the effects of different stress states on creep damage mechanisms in 9-12%Cr steels under long-term high temperature exposure. Equivalent stress and stress tri-axiality have different impacts on the creep damage behavior of notched components, with the variation of stress states being evidenced by hardness distribution.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Genqi Tian, Bo Mao, Yuantao Xu, Liming Fu, Zuogui Zhang, Yanfeng Wang, Aidang Shan
Summary: High-temperature strength and microstructure stability in heat-resistant steels are major concerns. Understanding microstructure evolution and mechanical property degradation during creep exposure is important for safety operations. This study conducted interrupted creep tests on 9% Cr steels at 873 K and studied the degradation of mechanical properties and microstructure evolution. The results provided insights into the mechanisms of degradation and stability of these steels.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Alexandra Fedoseeva, Ivan Nikitin, Evgeniy Tkachev, Roman Mishnev, Nadezhda Dudova, Rustam Kaibyshev
Summary: The study on P92-type steels with different chemical compositions showed that an increase in B and Cr contents affects the precipitation of M23C6 carbides, while (W+Mo) content influences the diffusion growth and coarsening of Laves phase. The addition of Re to 10%Cr steel can reduce the coarsening rate of Laves phase.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Pei-Shan Ding, Xiao-Tao Zheng
Summary: The creep-ratcheting behavior of advanced 9-12 % Cr ferritic steel at 600 degrees C under different peak holding times was investigated, and a corresponding creep-ratcheting constitutive model was developed. Results showed that the anelastic strain remains relatively constant for different holding times, but decreases rapidly during the last several cycles. Moreover, the study observed the behavior of primary creep regeneration during repeated loading and unloading, which remains almost the same with increasing number of cycles.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Cheng Wang, Fu-Zhen Xuan, Peng Zhao, Su-Juan Guo
Summary: Experimental results showed that stress relaxation in 9-12%Cr steel is restrained when cyclic strain values are below the initial strain, but becomes more severe or even relaxed completely when the strain values are above the initial value. The acceleration or deceleration behavior of stress relaxation depends on the mean strain and strain amplitude.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mikihiro Sakata, Kota Kadoi, Hiroshige Inoue
Summary: The relationship between the nanostructural evolution and hardening of 22% Cr and 25% Cr DSS weld metals during aging at 400 degrees C was investigated. The study found that the extent of formation of G-phase precursors has a significant influence on predicting the degree of hardening of ferrite. These findings are expected to aid in the selection and/or further improvement of DSS welding materials, increasing the long-term safety of DSS welded components in nuclear applications.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jianlei Zhang, Yuxiang Liu, Conghui Hu, Ahmed Addad, Alex Montagne, Gang Ji, Changjiang Song, Qijie Zhai
Summary: This study investigated the effect of nanoscale α-carbide precipitates on the incipient plasticity behavior of austenite in Fe-Mn-Al-(Cr)-C low-density steels. It was found that despite the decrease in α-carbide content with Cr addition, its effect on incipient plasticity strength was negligible, with only a slight increase in shear stress for dislocation nucleation. In contrast, the increased interstitial C atoms with Cr content enhanced lattice cohesions and impeded nucleation events by increasing the required shear stress.
MATERIALS RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Wen-Sheng Yang, Sheng-Chi Chen, Yu-Bing Pei, Rong-Zhi Chen, Han-Jie Guo
Summary: The Cr1-xAlxN/CrN/Cr multilayer films were deposited on 9-12% Cr heat-resistant steel using DCMS with various Al contents. It was found that Al atoms substituted for Cr atoms without changing the crystal structure. The Al doping decreased lattice constants, hindered grain growth, reduced film roughness, and enhanced oxidation resistance by forming an amorphous oxide surface layer.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Melanie Montgomery, Kristian V. Dahl, John Hald
MATERIALS AND CORROSION-WERKSTOFFE UND KORROSION
(2019)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Irina Fedorova, Flemming Bjerg Grumsen, John Hald, Hans-Olof Andren, Fang Liu
MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
(2019)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
D. L. Wu, K. Dahl, T. L. Christiansen, M. Montgomery, J. Hald
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
H. K. Danielsen, A. J. Carrasco, S. Faester, K. Dah, F. Gutierrez Guzman, P. Sauvage, G. Jacobs
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Somrita Dhar, Hilmar K. Danielsen, Soren Faester, Carsten Rasmussen, Yubin Zhang, Dorte Juul Jensen
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
D. L. Wu, K. Dahl, F. B. Grumsen, T. L. Christiansen, M. Montgomery, J. Hald
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
F. Niessen, D. Apel, F. Danoix, J. Hald, M. A. J. Somers
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
S. Dhar, J. Ahlstrom, X. Zhang, H. K. Danielsen, D. Juul Jensen
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Somrita Dhar, Hilmar K. Danielsen, Ruqing Xu, Yubin Zhang, Flemming Bjerg Grumsen, Carsten Rasmussen, Dorte Juul Jensen
Summary: The study investigated residual stress within a worn manganese steel railway crossing, using laboratory X-rays and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Significant compressive stress was found on the rail running surface, with local strains existing throughout the depth investigated. The relationships between residual stress, plastic deformation, and crack formation were analyzed, discussing the potentials and limitations of the two experimental methods for investigating residual stress in large engineering components.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Frank Niessen, Azdiar A. Gazder, John Hald, Marcel A. J. Somers
Summary: In-situ testing on a low carbon martensitic stainless steel revealed the complex interplay between stress, strain, and martensitic transformation. The study showed that the fraction of reverted austenite decreased linearly with increasing true stress, linked to transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP). The martensite texture evolved during tensile testing, with stress predominantly borne by martensite while reverted austenite underwent severe plastic deformation.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
H. K. Danielsen, C. Hong, O. Mishin
Summary: White etching cracks and other microstructural features were studied in two 100Cr6 steel bearings that failed after several years of service in wind turbines. Cracks were found to propagate primarily through prior austenite grains in the tempered martensite structure, with structural refinement of carbide particles occurring at a late stage of white etching matter formation.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Alexandra Fedoseeva, Ivan Nikitin, Nadezhda Dudova, John Hald, Rustam Kaibyshev
Summary: This paper presents the experimental results of thermo-mechanical processing on a 12% Cr steel, which resulted in increased impact toughness and decreased ductile-brittle transition temperature. The study also observed changes in the interfaces and carbides between different phases.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
H. K. Danielsen, F. Gutierrez Guzman, S. Faester, M. Shirani, B. H. Rasmussen, M. Linzmayer, G. Jacobs
Summary: This study investigates the impact of different bearing materials, quality, and roughness on the resistance to White Etch Cracking (WEC) through accelerated laboratory tests. The results show that the test method can reliably induce WEC in commercially available washers. Changes in roughness values did not significantly affect the time to failure, while through hardened bearing steel with low inclusion content exhibited longer failure time compared to the baseline. Black oxide coating on hardened washers did not improve WEC life, as the coating wore away during testing. However, carbo-nitrided washers with two different types demonstrated significantly longer time to failure, with one type showing high resistance to WEC formation.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Iman Shakeri, Hilmar K. Danielsen, Adrien Tribhou, Soren Faester, Oleg Mishin, Martin A. Eder
Summary: This study investigates the impact of manufacturing defects induced by thread rolling on the high-cycle fatigue life of M30 class 10.9 stud bolts. The high-cycle fatigue tests of two batches of seemingly identical bolts reveal significant differences in fatigue performance. Scanning electron microscopy characterization shows a clear correlation between the defect size, in the form of rolling-induced microcracks in the thread root, and the fatigue life of the investigated bolts. Numerical fatigue analysis agrees well with experimental data. Electron backscatter diffraction is used to determine the characteristic length of microstructurally short defects in the tempered martensite microstructure. These results shed light on the critical manufacturing defect sizes in bolts, which is an essential parameter for quality control in the manufacturing process.
ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Soren Faester, Hilmar K. Danielsen
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ahmad Mirzaei, Peter D. Hodgson, Xiang Ma, Vanessa K. Peterson, Ehsan Farabi, Gregory S. Rohrer, Hossein Beladi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of parent austenite grain refinement on the intervariant boundary network in a lath martensitic steel. It found that refining the parent austenite grain led to a decrease in the fraction of certain boundaries in the martensite and an increase in the connectivity of low energy boundaries, ultimately improving the impact toughness.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
N. L. Church, C. E. P. Talbot, L. D. Connor, S. Michalik, N. G. Jones
Summary: Metastable beta Ti alloys based on the Ti-Nb system have attracted attention due to their unique properties. However, the unstable cyclic behavior of these alloys has hindered their widespread industrial use. Recent studies have shown that internal stresses, including those from dislocations, may be responsible for this behavior. This study demonstrates that inter-cycle thermal treatments can mitigate the unstable cyclic behavior, providing a significant breakthrough in our understanding of Ti-Nb superelastic materials.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Di Zhao, Chenchen Zhao, Ziyang Xiu, Jiuchun Yan
Summary: This study proposes a novel strategy for achieving the bonding of SiC ceramic and Al alloy using ultrasound. The ultrasound promotes the dissolution of Al into the solder, activating the solder and triggering the interfacial reaction between SiC ceramic and solder. With increasing ultrasonic duration, the bonding between SiC and Al transitions from partial to full metallurgical bonding.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Kang Du, Yang Zhang, Guangda Zhao, Tao Huang, Liyuan Liu, Junpeng Li, Xiyu Wang, Zhongwu Zhang
Summary: This paper systematically investigated the evolution of microstructure in Fe-Ni-Co-Al polycrystalline alloys and its effects on mechanical properties. The results revealed that the migration of grain boundaries in different processes is driven by different factors, which impacts the grain orientation and precipitate formation. In the process of directional recrystallization, grains with specific orientations grow in the grain boundary region and form the dominant orientation, while grains with lower migration rate form the minor orientation. The alloy produced through directional recrystallization exhibited good recoverable strain and superelastic strain, while the alloy produced through solid solution treatment showed no evident superelastic behavior.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Edohamen Awannegbe, Liang Chen, Yue Zhao, Zhijun Qiu, Huijun Li
Summary: This study employed laser metal deposition to additively manufacture Ti-15Mo wt% alloy, and subsequently subjected it to post-fabrication uniaxial thermomechanical processing. The results showed that different zones in the microstructure remained after processing, and deformation mechanisms mainly involved slip and martensite formation. The compressive mechanical properties were found to be dependent on strain rate, with higher flow stress and compressive strength observed at higher strain rates. Grain structure homogenisation was not achieved, leading to anisotropic tensile properties.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Reza Khatib Zadeh Davani, Enyinnaya George Ohaeri, Sandeep Yadav, Jerzy A. Szpunar, Jing Su, Michael Gaudet, Muhammad Rashid, Muhammad Arafin
Summary: This research aims to investigate the effect of roughing and finishing reductions on crystallographic texture. The results show significant heterogeneity in the centerline region, with higher intensity of certain textures. Drop Weight Tear Test indicates that steel specimens with lower and medium reductions exhibit superior low-temperature impact toughness compared to steel with higher reductions. The electrochemical hydrogen charging experiments confirm the presence of internal hydrogen cracks only in steel with lower and medium reductions.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Flavio De Barbieri, Denis Jorge-Badiola, Rodrigo Allende, Karem Tello, Alfredo Artigas, Franco Perazzo, Henry Jami, Juan Perez Ipina
Summary: This study examines the effect of Cr additions on the mechanical behavior of TWIP steel at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 350°C. The results indicate that different temperature-dependent strengthening mechanisms, including mechanical twinning, Dynamic Strain Aging, and slip bands, are at play. The stacking fault energy (SFE) influences the percentage of mechanical twinning, which in turn affects the strain hardening rate.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hanlin Peng, Siming Huang, Ling Hu, Bingbing Luo, Liejun Li, Ian Baker
Summary: This study explores the weldability, microstructures, and mechanical properties of two L1(2)-nanoparticle-strengthened medium-entropy alloys after electron beam welding (EBW). The results show that strong yet ductile defect-free joints were produced, with larger grain sizes in the fusion zones compared to the heat-affected zones and base materials. Both EBWed MEAs exhibited high yield strengths, high ultimate tensile strengths, and good fracture strains at 77 K. The V-doping improved the cryogenic mechanical properties of the TMT MEA.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yongxin Wang, Lei Chen, Lizi Shao, Shuo Hao, Motomichi Koyama, Xingzhou Cai, Xiaocong Ma, Miao Jin
Summary: This study investigated the tensile deformation behavior of an Mn-N bearing lean duplex stainless steel with metastable austenite. The results showed that the strain rate had significant influence on the work hardening, strain-induced martensitic transformation, and fracture mechanism.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jong Woo Won, Seulbi Lee, Hye-Jeong Choe, Yong-Taek Hyun, Dong Won Lee, Jeong Hun Lee
Summary: Cold-rolled pure titanium showed improved sheet formability after undergoing cryogenic-deformation treatment. This treatment increased the thinning capability of the titanium and suppressed cracking during sheet forming. The formation of twins during deformation contributed to high thinning capability and increased strength through grain refinement and dislocation accumulation.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Handong Li, Lin Su, Lijuan Wang, Yanbin Jiang, Jiahui Long, Gaoyong Lin, Zhu Xiao, Yanlin Jia, Zhou Li
Summary: Homogenization heat treatment is a key procedure in controlling the second phase, enhancing composition uniformity, and workability of as-cast Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy. This study found that electropulsing treatment (EPT) can significantly reduce treatment temperature and time, improve elongation and overall mechanical properties of the alloy.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yuxuan Wang, Juntao Zou, Lixing Sun, Yunfei Bai, Zhe Zhang, Junsheng Cheng, Lin Shi, Dazhuo Song, Yihui Jiang, Zhiwei Zhang
Summary: A novel mechanical-heat-electricity synergistic method was proposed to enhance the mechanical properties of Cu-15Sn-0.3Ti alloy by forming annealing twins (ATs). The combination method of Rotary swaging (RS) and Electric pulse treatment (EPT) successfully induced recrystallization and refinement of the microstructure, leading to a significant increase in the strength of the alloy within a short time.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zhiyi Ding, Jiangtao Xie, Tong Wang, Aiying Chen, Bin Gan, Jinchao Song
Summary: This study demonstrated the Ta-induced strengthening of CoCrNi-AlTi MEAs using nanoscale heterogeneous coherent precipitates. The addition of Ta and aging treatments significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the alloy, including yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Z. Y. You, Z. Y. Tang, B. Wang, H. W. Zhang, P. Li, L. Zhao, F. B. Chu, H. Ding
Summary: The mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of C-doped TRIP-assisted HEA under dynamic loading conditions were systematically investigated in this study. The results showed that dynamic tensile deformation led to an increase in yield strength and a decrease in ultimate tensile strength, with a trend towards increased total elongation. The primary deformation mechanisms shifted from TRIP and TWIP effects to deformation twinning and dislocations. The presence of carbides formed through C-doping hindered dislocation slip and promoted the activation of multiple twinning systems.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Feng Qin, Feihu Chen, Junhua Hou, Wenjun Lu, Shaohua Chen, Jianjun Li
Summary: Plastic instability in strong multilayered composites is completely suppressed by architecting nanoscale BCC Nb crystalline-amorphous CuNb interfaces.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2024)