Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hao Shan, Lili Yan, Bo Xu, Dong Wang, Menglin Wu
Summary: Poly(triazine-phosphamide) BPGA consisting of benzenemelamine and phenyl phosphonic dichloride was synthesized and characterized. The combination of BPGA and melamine cyanurate (MCA) showed synergistic flame-retardant properties in PA6, improving flame retardancy, self-extinguishing property, and char residue. The interactions between BPGA and MCA resulted in the formation of thermally stable residues and quenching of free-radical chain reactions, contributing to gas-phase flame inhibition.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Siyi Xu, Jianxi Li, Qunfeng Ye, Liguo Shen, Hongjun Lin
Summary: This study proposed a strategy to combine aluminum hydroxide and melamine cyanurate with ethylene vinyl acetate to prepare EVA composite materials with high flame resistance. The addition of melamine cyanurate improved the thermal stability and flame resistance of EVA, with the optimal EVA-60-40 composition displaying the best fire resistance.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Florian Tomiak, Angelina Schoeffel, Klaus Rathberger, Dietmar Drummer
Summary: Expandable graphite (EG), aluminum (diethyl)polyphosphinate (AlPi), and melamine polyphosphate (MPP) were used as flame retardant multi-material additives in a polyamide 6 (PA6) matrix. The study found that there was a synergistic effect between EG and AlPi/MPP, leading to an increase in oxygen index and mechanical residue stability. The synergy was attributed to the CO2 evolution during decomposition stages and the solid decomposition products of AlPi/MPP acting as glue between expanded graphite.
Article
Polymer Science
Fenghao Hao, Yajun Chen, Zhe Sun, Lijun Qian
Summary: In this study, flame retardant thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) materials were prepared by adding melamine cyanurate (MCA) and aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) in different ratios and additions, and their mechanical and combustion properties were systematically investigated. The results showed that at a total addition of 15% and a mass ratio of MCA/ADP of 1/1, the TPU achieved a LOI value of 27.4% and passed the UL 94 V-0 rating, with a 22% decrease in peak heat release rate compared to pure TPU. The mechanical properties of TPU were minimally affected by the addition of MCA/ADP, with tensile strength maintained at around 40 MPa and elongation at break at about 530% at the addition amount of 15%. Therefore, the constructed MCA/ADP synergistic flame retardant system exhibits excellent flame retardant effect on TPU.
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Suxi Wang, Qi Feng Lim, Jessica Pei Wen Toh, Ming Yan Tan, Qiang Zhu, Warintorn Thitsartarn, Chaobin He, Songlin Liu, Junhua Kong
Summary: A novel phosphorus-based macromolecular flame-retardant synergist (DPS) was synthesized and combined with base flame retardants to form binary intumescent flame retardant systems for polypropylene and polyamide 6 matrices. The synergistic actions of DPS and base flame retardants enhance the flame-retardant performance by scavenging free radicals and promoting char formation. The developed binary IFR systems also improve the mechanical properties of the composites.
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zihao Wang, Jinheng Wang, Jianting Zhang, Weihong Guo
Summary: This study investigates the use of melamine cyanurate (MCA) and graphitic carbon nitride surface treatment to improve the flame retardant properties of nylon 56. The modified MCA (CNMCA) showed improved dispersion in the PA56 matrix and achieved a UL94 V-0 rating and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 30.1%. The addition of CNMCA resulted in a significant reduction in the total heat release rate (THR) and total smoke release (TSR) of PA56.
JOURNAL OF VINYL & ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Marija Colovic, Jelena Vasiljevic, Ziga Strin, Natasa Celan Korosin, Matic Sobak, Barbara Simoncic, Andrej Demsar, Giulio Malucelli, Ivan Jerman
Summary: This study presents a novel approach for the preparation of a flame retardant polyamide 6 polymer with chemically bonded DOPO as a pendant group bridged to the polymer via an -NH- group. The chemical modification decreased the molecular weight of the polymer, improved thermal stability, and enhanced flame retardant properties of the material.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Kai Xu, Xing Tian, Ying Cao, Yaqi He, Yanzhi Xia, Fengyu Quan
Summary: Calcium alginate fibers and flame-retardant polyamide-66 were used to prepare composite paper, where the addition of FR-PA effectively suppressed the combustion of Ca-Alg by forming a compact carbon layer. The combustion and thermal degradation behavior of the composite paper were analyzed using cone calorimetry and other methods, with the results showing excellent flame retardancy of the composite paper.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Thomas J. Kolibaba, Aman Nigam, Bruce L. Tai, Jaime C. Grunlan
Summary: FR composite filament composed of PA6, ammonium polyphosphate, and aluminum phosphate shows a significant increase in char yield and decreases in peak heat release rate and total heat release. This unique FR additive system represents an important improvement in the safety and utility of 3D printed parts.
MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Cheng Zhou, Juan Wang, Jianxi Li, Jie Shi
Summary: An efficient preparation method for flame retardant silicon rubbers (FRSR) using melamine cyanurate (MCA) was established. The study analyzed the thermal aging mechanisms and flame retardancy of FRSR, finding that aging decreases tensile strength, increases cross-linking density, and embeds MCA in the samples.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hongyu Lu, Deqi Yi, Haisheng Feng, Boyou Hou, Jianwei Hao
Summary: In this study, the influence of crystal structure difference of melamine trimetaphosphate (MAP) on the application performance of its polymer composites was explored. An intumescent flame retardant with the optimal crystal type, I-MAP and II-MAP, was synthesized and used to improve the mechanical properties and flame retardancy of polyamide 6 (PA6). The comprehensive characterization of morphology, chemical composition, and thermal stability was conducted, and the dispersion, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy of PA6/I-MAP and PA6/II-MAP were evaluated. The results showed that PA6/II-MAP exhibited significantly improved tensile strength, flame rating, and PHRR compared to PA6/I-MAP.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Hongxu Chen, Wei Xia, Nan Wang, Yang Liu, Penghui Fan, Song Wang, Sanxi Li, Jie Liu, Tao Tang, Ailing Zhang, Zhan Ding, Weidong Wu, Qi Chen
Summary: A flame-retardant polylactic acid composite was developed by adding piperazine pyrophosphate and melamine cyanurate, which showed synergistic effect in the composite material. It was found that the biodegradation of the polylactic acid composite also influenced its flame retardancy.
JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Xi Feng, Zhengyu Wang, Hongli Ma, Bo Dang, Jianxi Li
Summary: A novel bio-based flame retardant, MHPA, was synthesized and added to LDPE with MCA to enhance the flame retardant properties. The addition of MHPA and MCA increased the LOI of LDPE composite to 21.6% and reduced pHRR, THR, and TSP values compared to pure LDPE. Furthermore, MCA improved the thermal stability of LDPE/MHPA composites and suppressed early decomposition.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Shikun Zhao, Xiangyang Chen, Yang Zhou, Biao Zhao, Qing Hu, Shangtao Chen, Kai Pan
Summary: With the increasingly prominent global resource and environmental issues, bio-based polyamides are showing promising prospects due to their renewable and low carbon emission characteristics. The copolymerization of reactive flame retardants with biomass monomers to prepare intrinsically flame-retardant polyamides has become a hot research topic. In this study, a reactive flame retardant with excellent solubility and temperature resistance is synthesized, and flame retardant polyamide 56 with excellent flame-retardant performance, temperature resistance, and mechanical properties is prepared through one-step melt polycondensation.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Mohsen Hajibeygi, Faezeh Soltani, Meisam Shabanian, Mahdiye Maleki, Hossein Ali Khonakdar, Benjamin Kruppke
Summary: In this study, a strategy was used to prepare dioctyl phthalate (DOP) plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) nanocomposites with improved thermal stability, Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI), tensile strength, and reduced total heat release. This was achieved by combining Mg(OH)(2) nanoparticles, bentonite nano-sheets, and melamine cyanurate (MC). The addition of MC-modified Mg(OH)(2)@bentonite nanohybrid (MMHB) enhanced the thermal stability of PVC, as shown by increased thermal decomposition temperature. The PVC nanocomposites containing MMHB also exhibited higher flame retardancy and improved mechanical properties.
JOURNAL OF VINYL & ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
