Article
Neurosciences
Kim S. Friedmann, Lea Kaschek, Arne Knoerck, Sabrina Cappello, Niklas Luensmann, Nadja Kuechler, Cora Hoxha, Gertrud Schaefer, Sandra Iden, Ivan Bogeski, Carsten Kummerow, Eva C. Schwarz, Markus Hoth
Summary: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells are both involved in recognizing and eliminating cancer cells, but immune evasion, downregulation of immune function by the tumor microenvironment, and resistance of cancer cells are major challenges. This study quantified the sequential cytotoxicity of primary human CTL and NK cells against melanoma cells and found that at lower effector-to-target ratios, a substantial number of cancer cells survived and developed resistance to subsequent cytotoxicity. Human leucocyte antigen class I expression and MART-1 antigen levels were correlated with resistance to NK cells and CTL cytotoxicity, respectively.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Kawaljit Kaur, Po-Chun Chen, Meng-Wei Ko, Ao Mei, Nishant Chovatiya, Sara Huerta-Yepez, Weiming Ni, Sean Mackay, Jing Zhou, Dipanarine Maharaj, Subramaniam Malarkannan, Anahid Jewett
Summary: This study investigates the immune pathogenesis of ALS and finds that NK cells and B cells are increased in ALS patients. It suggests that hyper-responsive T cell compartment and elevated inflammatory cytokines contribute to ALS progression. CD8+ T cells and NK cells are potential culprits in targeting motor neurons, and strategies need to be designed to decrease their function.
Article
Virology
Anna Paola Carreca, Massimiliano Gaetani, Rosalia Busa, Maria Giovanna Francipane, Maria Rita Gulotta, Ugo Perricone, Gioacchin Iannolo, Giovanna Russelli, Claudia Carcione, Pier Giulio Conaldi, Ester Badami
Summary: This study reveals the antiviral effects of interferon-alpha-activated natural killer (NK) cells against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The activated NK cells showed enhanced contact-dependent and contact-independent responses, and were able to inhibit HCV replication. Galectin-9 and interferon-gamma were found to play a major role in HCV suppression.
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Ralf S. Mueller, Katrin Hartmann
Summary: IFNs are important cytokines in the immune response, with recombinant canine IFN-gamma and feline IFN-omega showing efficacy in treating certain diseases in dogs and cats. More large randomized controlled trials are needed to determine their efficacy for other indications.
VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Hanna Kim, Jae-Eun Byun, Suk Ran Yoon, Hashem Koohy, Haiyoung Jung, Inpyo Choi
Summary: The study found that SARS-CoV-2 S protein peptides can bind to the NKG2D receptor on NK cells, enhancing immune responses by increasing NK cytotoxicity towards lung cancer cells and stimulating IFN-gamma production. This novel interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and NK cells may have potential clinical applications as a therapeutic target for COVID-19.
CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Michael ToVinh, Gregor Hoerr, Kristiyana Dobrikova, Christina Gotter, Clemens Rommel, Christoph Hoffmeister, Jan Raabe, Kim M. Kaiser, Claudia Finnemann, Jenny Bischoff, Gereon J. Rieke, Christoph Wilhelm, Vanessa Schmitt, Christoph Moehl, Mansoureh Aghabeig, Carolynne Schwarze-Zander, Christoph Boesecke, Kathrin van Bremen, Jan-Christian Wasmuth, Christian P. Strassburg, Juergen K. Rockstroh, Ulrich Spengler, Benjamin Kraemer, Jacob Nattermann
Summary: This study revealed that HIV infection is associated with impaired NK cell function due to mitochondrial dysfunction, and the use of a mitochondria-targeting antioxidant can improve NK cell function.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Grace Lee, Robert Schauner, Juanita Burke, Jade Borocz, Smitha Vasana, Lukasz Sobieraj, Maria Giraudo, Zachary Jackson, Qasim Ansari, Maria Navas, Hany Sakr, David Wald
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic with significant morbidity and mortality. This study identifies specific clusters of NK cells associated with COVID-19 and characterizes the phenotype of COVID-19 positive NK cells. Blocking NKG2A and KIR2DL1 receptors enhances the ability of NK cells from COVID-19 positive patients to kill SARS-CoV-2 infected cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Xiaokang Zeng, Xinhuai Dong, Yanning Ma, Jie Yao
Summary: CXCL1 plays an important role in NK cell development and function. Knocking out CXCL1 hinders NK cell maturity and impairs NK cell function. Specific knockout of CXCL1 prevents IFN-gamma production and degranulation of NK cells. This study provides a new theoretical basis for understanding NK cell development and immune surveillance, and identifies potential therapeutic targets for the clinical use of NK cells.
CELL BIOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Xiaokang Zeng, Xinhuai Dong, Yanning Ma, Jie Yao
Summary: CXCL1 is involved in the development and function of NK cells, and its deletion impairs NK cell maturity and function, affecting immune responses.
CELL BIOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Seok-Min Kim, Se-Chan Oh, Sun-Young Lee, Ling-Zu Kong, Jong-Hee Lee, Tae-Don Kim
Summary: N-6-Methyladenosine (m(6)A) is an abundant epitranscriptomic mark involved in multiple mRNA metabolism processes. This study explores the role of FTO, an m(6)A eraser, in natural killer (NK) cell immunity. FTO deficiency in NK cells leads to hyperactivation and enhances antitumor response against leukemia. Mechanistically, FTO regulates IL-2/15-driven JAK/STAT signaling by stabilizing suppressor of cytokine signaling protein (SOCS) family genes. These findings highlight that FTO is a crucial modulator of NK cell immunity and provide a potential immunotherapeutic strategy for allogeneic NK cell therapies.
Article
Immunology
Kawaljit Kaur, Po-Chun Chen, Meng-Wei Ko, Ao Mei, Emanuela Senjor, Subramaniam Malarkannan, Janko Kos, Anahid Jewett
Summary: In this study, it was found that sequential treatment of supercharged NK cells with chemotherapeutic drugs or check-point inhibitors could eliminate both poorly differentiated and well-differentiated tumors in humanized-BLT mice. The sNK cells were a unique population of activated NK cells with distinct genetic, proteomic, and functional attributes. The combination of sNK cells with CDDP, paclitaxel, or anti-PD-1 antibody showed promising results in inhibiting tumor growth and increasing immune response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Bettina Groetsch, Elisabeth Schachtschabel, Philipp Tripal, Benjamin Schmid, Ana-Suncana Smith, Georg Schett, Aline Bozec
Summary: The differentiation and activity of osteoclasts are co-influenced by Fc gamma R and IFN gamma R signaling pathways, depending on the differentiation state of osteoclasts. The different stages may reflect distinct situations in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Bin Lang, Meiting Wang, Zining Zhang, Yajing Fu, Xiaoxu Han, Qinghai Hu, Haibo Ding, Hong Shang, Yongjun Jiang
Summary: This study found that during HIV infection, the inhibitory receptor CD47 suppresses NK cell production of IFN-γ by binding to plasma TSP1, activating the JAK/STAT3 pathway. CD47 and its related signaling pathways may be potential therapeutic targets for improving NK cell function in individuals living with HIV.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Meng-Wei Ko, Kawaljit Kaur, Tahmineh Safaei, Wuyang Chen, Christine Sutanto, Paul Wong, Anahid Jewett
Summary: This paper examines the role of autologous and allogeneic monocytes from healthy individuals and cancer patients in activating NK cells, specifically in inducing IFN-gamma secretion and promoting differentiation of tumor cells. The study finds that monocytes from cancer patients have lower capability to induce functional IFN-gamma secretion compared to healthy individuals. Additionally, the addition of AJ2 probiotic bacteria enhances NK cell function and IFN-gamma secretion. The findings suggest that correcting monocyte defects, along with NK cell defects, is crucial for successful NK cell immunotherapy.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mami Sato, Rieko Arakaki, Hiroaki Tawara, Ruka Nagao, Hidetaka Tanaka, Kai Tamura, Yuhki Kawahito, Kunihiro Otsuka, Aya Ushio, Takaaki Tsunematsu, Naozumi Ishimaru
Summary: In this study, the characteristics and subsets of natural killer (NK) cells in the salivary gland (SG) tissue of a murine model of primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) were analyzed. The researchers found that certain subsets of NK cells may enhance the autoreactive response in the target organ, while other subsets protect target cells against T cell cytotoxicity.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
R. Mischke, K. Rumstedt, S. O. Hungerbuehler, K. Rohn, M. Schmicke
Summary: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) can provide an additional tool for the diagnosis of hypothyroidism in dogs and support its differentiation from non-thyroidal illness. Sedation has limited impact on CEUS results.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2024)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Lucas Petitemberte de Souza, William Borges Domingues, Eduardo Bierhals Blodorn, Leandro da Silva Nunes, Hadassa Gabriela Ortiz, Eliza Rossi Komninou, Vinicius Farias Campos
Summary: This study performed a systematic review of the differential expression of sperm microRNAs in bulls related to fertility. A total of 182 unique differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, among which 49 miRNAs were found in common between at least two studies. The results suggest that miRNAs such as miR-10a, -10b, -103, -15b, -122, -125b, -126-5p, -151-5p, -193a-5p, -196a, -27a-5p, and -99b may serve as potential universal biomarkers for assessing the reproductive potential of males.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Wonhee Cha, Katinca Fungbrant, Giulio Grandi, Ylva Persson
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence and development of hair loss in outdoor cattle in Sweden. It found a relatively high hair loss rate, with the occurrence of hair loss increasing over time during winters, suggesting a contagious etiology. The study also identified preventative delousing before November, keeping animals clean, and maintaining small group sizes as effective measures to reduce the risk of hair loss, while older age and access to bedding materials increased the risk.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Sheeba Thomas, David Francis Lappin, David Bennett, Christopher Nile, Marcello Pasquale Riggio
Summary: This study found that Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion (FORL) can be divided into two subgroups, with FORL-1 subgroup having a less diverse oral microbiome and higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which may be associated with the severity and activity of the disease.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
S. L. Gayathri, M. Bhakat, T. K. Mohanty
Summary: This study used infrared thermography (IRT) to identify mastitis in Sahiwal cows. The results showed significant differences in the mean values of udder and teat surface temperature between healthy, subclinical mastitis (SCM), and clinical mastitis (CM) cases during different seasons. IRT is an efficient tool for the early identification of subclinical mastitis.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Zeynep Ozdemir Kutahya, Busra Aslan Akyol, Kubra Deliklitas, Cengiz Gokbulut
Summary: In this study, the pharmacokinetic behavior of Eprinomectin was studied in two different goat breeds. The results showed no significant differences in plasma concentration between the breeds, but the clearance from the body may vary. High concentration of Eprinomectin in feces is beneficial against gastrointestinal parasites but poses an ecotoxicological risk to the environment.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Mohammad Ashrafzadeh-Shiraz, Mousa Tavassoli, Bahram Dalir-Naghadeh, Alireza Sazmand
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of fenbendazole and ivermectin on strongyles and Parascaris sp. infecting adult riding horses in different regions of Iran. The results demonstrated varying degrees of resistance of these parasites to both anthelminthics. It emphasizes the urgency of educating horse owners about the importance of a test-and-treatment strategy and suggests evaluating the efficacy of different anthelminthics to choose the most effective treatment in each region.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Moises Gonzalvez, Clara Munoz-Hernandez
Summary: The study evaluated the use of R software in research articles addressing the study of wildlife, showing an increasing trend in the number of publications over time and a wide geographical distribution globally.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2024)