Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Michal Leibner, Martin Vlach, Veronika Kodetova, Hana Kudrnova, Jozef Vesely, Sebastien Zikmund, Jakub Cizek, Oksana Melikhova, Frantisek Lukac
Summary: The effect of cold-rolling and high-temperature aging on precipitation processes in an Al-Er-Zr alloy was investigated. Based on the results, the decomposition sequence of the supersaturated solid solution was proposed. Cold-rolling enhances the precipitation of Al3Er particles and accelerates the formation of the Zr-rich shell around the Er-rich core. The coherency strain-field around the precipitates is retained even after 4 hours of aging at 600℃.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Raul I. Arriaga-Benitez, Mihriban Pekguleryuz
Summary: The influence of Mn, Cr and Zr on the creep behavior of an Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloy intended for Diesel engine applications was studied. Two alloys, MG1 and MG2-1, were creep tested at 300-350℃ and 28 MPa in the T7 heat-treated and soaked condition. The activation energy for creep was higher in MG2-1 compared to MG1. The creep mechanisms differed between the two alloys, with MG2-1 showing lower creep rates due to thermally activated restoration processes and Zener pinning by αMG2-1-Al(Mn,Cr,Fe)Si.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jiaojiao Shen, Biao Chen, Jie Wan, Jianghua Shen, Jinshan Li
Summary: In this study, the effect of annealing temperatures and durations on the recrystallization behavior, precipitate evolution, and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloys was comprehensively investigated. Results showed that precipitates hindered the movement of dislocation and migration of grain/sub-grain boundaries at low annealing temperatures, but the hindering effect diminished and recrystallization occurred at higher temperatures. The size of Al-3(Sc,Zr) precipitates increased with longer annealing durations. Moreover, the strength of the material decreased with increasing annealing temperature and duration.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jingyu Jiang, Hongwu Chen, Xiaohang Cao, Feng Jiang, Menghan Zhang
Summary: The study on the effect of annealing temperature on an Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy processed by rolling and equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) showed that with an increase in ECAP strain, the grain size became finer and the microstructure more uniform. Vickers hardness increased with ECAP strain, and different samples exhibited varying degrees of hardness reduction after annealing.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zequn Zhang, Jin'e Sun, Jiuyang Xia, Junsheng Wu, Zhibin Chen, Baicheng Zhang, Ziqi Li, Xiaogang Li, Bowei Zhang
Summary: Corrosion behavior on both the building plane and building direction plane of LPBF Al-Mn-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy was investigated. Localized corrosion primarily occurred at the molten pool boundaries, where abundant micro-cathode precipitates played a dominant role.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jingyu Jiang, Feng Jiang, Hongfeng Huang, Menghan Zhang, Zhongqin Tang, Mengmeng Tong
Summary: The deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of the alloy are significantly affected by deformation temperature and strain rate. High temperature and low strain rate are beneficial for dynamic recrystallization or dynamic recovery.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hasan Vafaeenezhad, Hamid Reza Shahverdi
Summary: This study investigates the impact of incorporating different amounts of V into an Al-0.06Sc-0.06Zr-0.18Si at% alloy on the behavior of nanoprecipitates and the creep resistance of the alloy. The findings show that the amount of V added affects the structure, kinetics, coarsening resistance, and creep resistance of the alloys.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Elena Avtokratova, Oleg Sitdikov, Michael Markushev, Michael Linderov, Dmitry Merson, Alexey Vinogradov
Summary: This study explores the fabrication of ultrafine-grain advanced aluminium alloys using multiaxial isothermal forging (MIF), achieving an outstanding combination of tensile strength, ductility, and fatigue resistance. After multiple processing steps, the alloy shows superior mechanical properties compared to contemporary alloys and commercial high-strength alloys.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jingyu Jiang, Feng Jiang, Menghan Zhang, Zhongqin Tang, Mengmeng Tong
Summary: The Al-6 Mg-0.4Mn-0.25Sc-0.1Zr extrusion rod underwent ECAP treatment to achieve nonuniform structure. After annealing at different temperatures, it was observed that the hardness of the samples decreased, with the 1P sample experiencing a faster decrease compared to the 0P sample, resulting in a hardness "upside down" phenomenon. The drastic recrystallization induced by high strain in the shear band was identified as the cause of these phenomena.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mengmeng Tong, Feng Jiang, Huiling Wang, Jingyu Jiang, Mingjin Wu, Zhongqin Tang
Summary: The research shows that the Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr alloy softens significantly at high temperatures due to a decrease in dislocation density, changes in grain boundaries, and the thermal activation promoting dislocation movements and grain boundary softening. Additionally, the dispersed nano-sized Al3(Sc,Zr) particles formed by adding trace amounts of Sc and Zr have strong inhibition effects, but their effectiveness weakens at higher temperatures, leading to a substantial reduction in flow stress.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xue Na, Wenqing Liu, Zhu Liu, T. Muthuramalingam
Summary: The study focused on the micro hardness and micro structure of Al-Sc alloy and Al-Sc-Zr alloy with different scandium percentages. It was observed that there was only slight difference in hardness during the initial aging stage of the developed alloys, while the Al-Sc-Zr alloy maintained peak hardness for a longer period, showing better thermal stability. Analysis also indicated the inhibition of precipitate growth through precipitation of Zr in the initial aging stage. TEM results revealed the formation of two different sized precipitates in the Al-Sc-Zr alloy after reaching peak hardness.
METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Crystallography
Ziyu Zhai, Wei Pan, Bo Liang, Yantao Liu, Yongzhong Zhang
Summary: This paper comprehensively explored the cracking behavior of Al-Mn-Mg-Sc-Zr alloys prepared by selective laser melting (SLM) and studied the influence of process parameters on crack generation. By optimizing the process parameters, crack-free tensile samples of high-strength aluminum-manganese alloy were successfully prepared and analyzed for microstructure and mechanical properties. This study provides guidance for selective laser melting forming of high-strength aluminum-manganese alloy parts.
Article
Optics
Lei Du, Linda Ke, Meili Xiao, Enhui Dou, Zhiqiang Luo, Yi Chen, Caifang Lai
Summary: Selective laser melting (SLM) of Sc and Zr modified Al-Mn alloy was studied systematically, focusing on density behavior, microstructure, and mechanical properties. Process parameters significantly affected relative density, with up to 99.8% achieved at optimized parameters. High energy density resulted in spherical pores, while low energy density led to irregular pores in SLM-processed Al-Mn-Sc-Zr. The material exhibited duplex grain microstructure and good mechanical properties, with no significant anisotropy between horizontal and vertical directions.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Daniel Schliephake, Christophe Lopes, Yolita M. Eggeler, Hans Chen, Jens Freudenberger, Dina Bayoumy, Aijun J. Huang, Alexander Kauffmann
Summary: An Al-Mn-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy was additively manufactured and deformed to investigate the effect of high defect densities on its properties. Annealing and rotary swaging were found to improve the hardness, ultimate tensile strength, and ductility of the alloy.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Hao Zhang, Lai-Chang Zhang, Hongyu Liu, Xiaodong Niu, Marcus C. Lam, Wenzhe Zhang, Xiaojie Jin, Fuzhong Chu, Xinhua Wu, Sheng Cao
Summary: To reduce the cost, a LPBF fabricated strong and ductile Al-Mn-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy was reported using large layer thicknesses to improve the fabrication efficiency. A high relative density exceeding 99.2% was achieved at layer thicknesses up to 120 mu m. The fabricated sample at layer thickness of 120 mu m still exhibited high tensile yield strength of 472 MPa and fracture strain of similar to 10%.
VIRTUAL AND PHYSICAL PROTOTYPING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
V. Kodetova, B. Smola, I. Stulikova, H. Kudrnova, M. Vlach, V. Neubert
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2019)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Martin Vlach, Jakub Cizek, Veronika Kodetova, Tomas Kekule, Frantisek Lukac, Miroslav Cieslar, Hana Kudrnova, Lucia Bajtosova, Michal Leibner, Petr Harcuba, Jaroslav Malek, Volkmar Neubert
Summary: The precipitation reactions of Al-3.4% Mg-2.7% Zn-0.80% Cu-0.10% Fe-0.05% Si alloy with and without Sc and Zr additions were investigated. The addition of Sc and Zr microalloying elements resulted in substantial grain refinement and the formation of secondary Al-3(Sc,Zr) particles, improving the thermal stability of the alloy.
METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
V Kodetova, M. Vlach, J. Cizek, M. Cieslar, L. Bajtosova, H. Kudrnova, M. Leibner, V Sima
ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Martin Vlach, Jakub Cizek, Veronika Kodetova, Michal Leibner, Miroslav Cieslar, Petr Harcuba, Lucia Bajtosova, Hana Kudrnova, Tomas Vlasak, Volkmar Neubert, Eva Cernoskova, Petr Kutalek
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2020)
Article
Thermodynamics
V Kodetova, M. Vlach, H. Kudrnova, J. Malek, M. Cieslar, L. Bajtosov, T. Kekule, P. Harcuba, F. Lukac, M. Leibner
Summary: The influence of cold rolling on thermal and mechanical properties, as well as microstructure observation of cast AlZnMgCu(ScZr) alloys, was investigated, revealing the presence of eutectic phases and various quasicrystalline structures in the materials. The hardening of the alloys was mainly attributed to phase precipitation, with the addition of Sc,Zr stabilizing grains and preventing recrystallization at elevated temperatures.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Veronika Kodetova, Martin Vlach, Hana Kudrnova, Michal Leibner, Jaroslav Malek, Miroslav Cieslar, Lucia Bajtosova, Petr Harcuba, Volkmar Neubert
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Martin Vlach, Veronika Kodetova, Jakub Cizek, Michal Leibner, Tomas Kekule, Frantisek Lukac, Miroslav Cieslar, Lucia Bajtosova, Hana Kudrnova, Vladimir Sima, Sebastian Zikmund, Eva Cernoskova, Petr Kutalek, Volkmar-Dirk Neubert, Volkmar Neubert
Summary: The study provides a detailed characterization of phase transformations in heat-treated commercial 7075 aluminum alloys with or without low Sc-Zr addition. It is found that the addition of Sc-Zr has a positive influence on the properties of the alloys, including mechanical, electrical, thermal, and corrosion behavior. The strengthening during annealing is caused by the formation of various particles and phases, while the improvement in corrosion properties is attributed to the addition of Sc-Zr.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Veronika Kodetova, Martin Vlach, Lucia Bajtosova, Michal Leibner, Hana Kudrnova, Jaroslav Malek, Vladimir Mara, Miroslav Cieslar, Sebastien Zikmund
Summary: The addition of Mn, Yb and Zr has a positive influence on grain size in AlYb and AlMnYbZr alloys. Cold rolling results in a deformed structure of the grains with no changes in their size. The precipitation hardening behavior at different temperature intervals was also observed in both alloys after ageing.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Michal Leibner, Martin Vlach, Veronika Kodetova, Hana Kudrnova, Jozef Vesely, Sebastien Zikmund, Jakub Cizek, Oksana Melikhova, Frantisek Lukac
Summary: The effect of cold-rolling and high-temperature aging on precipitation processes in an Al-Er-Zr alloy was investigated. Based on the results, the decomposition sequence of the supersaturated solid solution was proposed. Cold-rolling enhances the precipitation of Al3Er particles and accelerates the formation of the Zr-rich shell around the Er-rich core. The coherency strain-field around the precipitates is retained even after 4 hours of aging at 600℃.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Michal Leibner, Martin Vlach, Veronika Kodetova, Jozef Vesely, Jakub Cizek, Hana Kudrnova, Frantisek Lukac
Summary: The development of microstructure in an Al-Sc-Er-Zr alloy during aging at 600 degrees C was investigated. It was found that Sc atoms segregate at dislocations, and two different structures of precipitates were observed.
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Mechanical
Xiao Zhang, Yuanding Huang, Veronika Kodetova, Martin Vlach, Norbert Hort
Summary: The influence of different alloying elements on the electrical resistivity of binary magnesium alloys was investigated. It was found that Gd had the largest influence on resistivity, while Zn had the lowest. Heat treatments and isothermal aging showed that resistivity increased with T4 treatment and decreased with aging due to the depletion of solute atoms and the formation of intermetallic phases. A phenomenological formula was used to describe the relationship between resistivity and the volume fraction of precipitates, allowing resistivity to be used as a quantification of precipitation kinetics in binary magnesium alloys.
MAGNESIUM TECHNOLOGY 2022
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Veronika Kodetova, Martin Vlach, Hana Kudrnova, Michal Leibner, Jaroslav Malek, Petr Harcuba, Vladimir Sima
28TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON METALLURGY AND MATERIALS (METAL 2019)
(2019)
Proceedings Paper
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Michal Leibner, Martin Vlach, Veronika Kodetova, Miroslav Cieslar, Hana Kudrnova, Vladivoj Ocenasek, Neubert Volkmar, Neubert Volkmar-Dirk
28TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON METALLURGY AND MATERIALS (METAL 2019)
(2019)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. Vlach, V. Kodetova, B. Smola, J. Cizek, T. Kekule, M. Cieslar, H. Kudrnova, L. Bajtosova, M. Leibner, I. Prochazka
KOVOVE MATERIALY-METALLIC MATERIALS
(2018)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shuai Zhang, Shuye Zhang, Hongzhi Zhou, Kyung-Wook Paik, Tianran Ding, Weimin Long, Sujuan Zhong, Peng He
Summary: Microwave Hybrid Heating (MHH) is a promising method for material joining, allowing for selective and uniform heating. This experimental study focused on investigating the characteristics and reliability of joints made using nano-Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu soldering paste and MHH technique. The research findings showed that the shear strength of the joints reached its peak value under specific microwave power and exposure time, but decreased after thermal shock tests.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Peibin Ma, Mingyang Wang, Aiying Chen, Lijian Gu, Zhiyi Ding, Xiaogui Wang, Bin Gan
Summary: Nano-twinned boundaries in high-temperature alloys play a crucial role in regulating the distribution of nano-precipitates and enhancing mechanical properties.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jiachen Zhang, Fan Lu, Xinxin Liu, Taiwen Huang, Rui Li, Changsheng Tan, Guojun Zhang, Lin Liu
Summary: This study investigates the effects of Re and Ta interactions on the precipitation of the TCP phase in experimental alloys under long-term thermal exposure. The study finds that microstructure segregation is not fully eliminated even with standard heat treatment, and the interaction between Re and Ta enhances the formation of the TCP phase. Thermodynamic calculations and first-principles analysis reveal that Re significantly improves the driving force of TCP phase precipitation. The study also observes a phase transition from the sigma-phase to the P-phase, with Ni playing a crucial role in the diffusion process.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ronit Roy, Adil Shaik, Matthew Topping, Fei Long, Mark R. Daymond
Summary: This study demonstrates the improvements in characterizing localized dislocation distribution using the HR-EBSD method compared to the conventional approach. Two extreme examples of deformation conditions were investigated to show the efficacy of HR-EBSD in identifying dislocations and subtle features. The direct correlation between slip bands and HR-EBSD estimated GNDs is also presented, enhancing the scope of this approach in identifying individual slip bands.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wenshan Guo, Hui Zhang, Qingjun Zhou, Guangchun Xiao, Ning Guo, Wei Zhao, Gang Wang
Summary: The microstructures and corrosion resistance of TC11 components were significantly improved using a high-power, high-speed laser metal deposition (LMD) process and subsequent post-heat treatment, with greater improvements observed in the deposition direction. The significant improvement of corrosion resistance in the deposition direction is mainly due to the weakening of the charged galvanic corrosion effect between the non-interlayer zone and interlayer zone.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shuai Xu, Rui Cao, Junheng Gao, Yu Zhang, Haitao Zhao, Shuize Wang, Yuhe Huang, Guilin Wu, Honghui Wu, Chaolei Zhang, Xinping Mao
Summary: In this study, the microstructures and mechanical properties of interphase precipitation strengthening micro-alloyed steels were investigated. The addition of Cr was found to increase the yield strength without significant decrease of ductility. Thermodynamics analysis revealed that the addition of Cr led to grain refinement and decrease of sheet spacing of nanoprecipitates. Calculations showed that the decrease of interphase-precipitated carbides sheet spacing and the refinement of grain size were responsible for the strength enhancement of Cr microalloyed steel.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhaoxin Zhong, Biao Zhang, Yuhan Ren, Jian Ye, Jiawei Zhang, Feng Ye
Summary: In this study, bioinspired web-liked multiphase composites were successfully constructed using boron-modified polysilazane polymer. The composites consisted of long TiB nanowires as 'web' and hybrid TiC and Ti3Si particles as 'nodes'. The enhanced strength of these composites was attributed to the synergistic load transfer of the hybrid reinforcements. This study provides a promising design approach for developing high-performance composites with high reinforcement content, utilizing polymer instead of traditional ceramic powder.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Geng Liu, Linran Yu, Jie Su, Ran Ding, Min Xiong, Qi Gao
Summary: In this study, a flash austenitization heat treatment approach was used to achieve a dual-phase microstructure consisting of retained austenite and fine-grained ferrite in low-carbon TRIP steel. Phase-field simulations revealed the acceleration of ferrite transition kinetics in the Mn-depleted region and the influence of chemical heterogeneity of C and Mn on the stabilization of austenite.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhichao Yang, Dehui Zheng, Zhen Wang, Tingbin Liang, Shuangbao Wang
Summary: In this study, the configurations, formation process, and properties of the Cu-rich layer formed during TJE of Al alloys were revealed using aberration-corrected scanning TEM (STEM), STEM image simulations, and first-principles calculations. The results showed a new orientation relationship between the Cu-rich layer and Al matrix, and provided insights into the formation mechanisms of the Cu-rich layer and Cu diffusion zone.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shuai Chen, Ruyu Tian, Jiayue Wen, Yanhong Tian
Summary: In this study, the interfacial microstructure evolution and reliability of Cu/Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305)/Ni and Cu/Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu-0.05TiO2 (SAC305-0.05TiO2)/Ni interconnections under thermal shock were investigated. The results showed that the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles can suppress the growth of interfacial IMCs and improve the reliability of the connections.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yunbin Lu, Yangju Feng, Wei Wang, Wenke Wang, Jianlei Yang, Wenzhen Chen, Guorong Cui, Dongdong Zhuang, Hongyang Cao
Summary: In order to improve the wear resistance of titanium alloy, titanium matrix composites with network distributed TiBw were fabricated. The results showed that the wear rate of the composites decreased by 17.2% at room temperature and 38.4% at high temperature compared to the TA15 alloy. The TiBw in the composites enhanced work hardening, improved thermal conductivity, and effectively hindered dislocation movement and promoted dynamic recrystallization during high-temperature wear.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jubert Pasco, Lu Jiang, Thomas Dorin, Ali Keshavarzkermani, Youliang He, Clodualdo Aranas Jr
Summary: The unique structure and solute distribution of CoCrMo alloys produced using Laser Powder Bed Fusion technique require custom heat-treating processes to achieve the targeted phase distribution and mechanical properties. This study investigates the phase transformation behavior and precipitate distribution of CoCrMo samples after aging heat treatment. The results show differences in phase fraction and nucleation sites between directly aged and solution heat-treated samples.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zipeng Ma, Meng Zhou, Baohong Tian, Yi Zhang, Heng Li, Xu Li, Jin Zou, Haoyan Hu, Ke Jing, Yong Liu, Alex A. Volinsky
Summary: In this study, two electrical contact composites were prepared using the vacuum hot pressing sintering endo-oxidation method. The addition of Y2O3 had no negative effects on the electrical conductivity and hardness of the composites. Moreover, it reduced the welding force and arc energy, and improved the stability of the contacts.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wei Sun, Ning Cui, Shuling Zhang, Tiewei Xu, Xiaopeng Wang, Fantao Kong
Summary: A laminated composite was successfully fabricated and its microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The composite exhibited high bonding strength, improved flexural strength and fracture toughness, and superior tensile properties compared to the monolithic alloy.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zih-You Wu, Yin-Ku Lee, Su-Yueh Tsai, Po-Yu Chen, Jenq-Gong Duh
Summary: With the development of the artificial intelligence (AI) industries, electronic packaging is advancing towards high density, high efficiency, and multi-functionality. The application of microbumps is necessary to achieve high density and small-scale interconnection. In this study, three types of full intermetallic compounds (IMCs) bumps were fabricated, and the mechanical and thermal properties of IMCs were analyzed. The results showed that the full IMCs bumps with added Ni and Zn exhibited consistent structure and excellent thermal stability, providing a reliable microstructure for application.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2024)