Review
Energy & Fuels
Adem Siraj Mohammed, Samson Mekbib Atnaw, Ayodeji Olalekan Salau, Joy Nnenna Eneh
Summary: This paper provides a comprehensive review on the importance of energy management strategies and optimal power source sizing for fuel cell/battery/super capacitor hybrid electric vehicles. The study demonstrates that integrating energy management strategies and hybrid energy source sizing can improve fuel economy, system efficiency, and reduce energy losses and battery degradation.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Haroune Aouzellag, Bessam Amrouche, Koussaila Iffouzar, Djamal Aouzellag
Summary: This paper proposes an energy management strategy based on hysteresis control, using the expression of the energy storage system converter efficiency as the sole input variable. Simulation results show that the strategy allows energy distribution and reduces energy consumption.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Tabbi Wilberforce, Afaaq Anser, Jangam Aishwarya Swamy, Richard Opoku
Summary: This study aims to develop a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) comprising battery and supercapacitor cells for a commercial Hybrid Electric Vehicle model (Hyundai Sonata) and evaluate its impact on battery health and vehicle performance. Different configurations of the energy storage devices are discussed, with a semi-active configuration used in simulations and testing. The addition of the supercapacitor stabilizes the battery's working status, reducing peak current and improving battery state of charge and temperature. However, there is a slight increase in fuel consumption due to losses in the supercapacitor system. A parametric study suggests that using 2 supercapacitor modules provides optimal results for battery behavior.
Article
Thermodynamics
Yang Zhou, Alexandre Ravey, Marie-Cecile Pera
Summary: In this paper, a real-time cost minimization energy management strategy for fuel cell/battery-based hybrid electric vehicles is proposed using model predictive control. Results show that the strategy can effectively reduce operating costs and extend fuel cell lifetime, demonstrating good real-time practicality.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Weiwei Huo, Tianyu Zhao, Fan Yang, Yong Chen
Summary: The lifetime of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) stacks is increased and similar fuel consumption is achieved by using energy management strategies (EMSs) that incorporate Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) with a cutting-edge Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) algorithm. The optimized SAC-PL algorithm, which incorporates fuel economy, fuel cell degradation factor, and lithium battery degradation factor, plays a crucial role in reducing fuel consumption, improving training stability, speeding up convergence, and extending the lifetime of PEMFCs.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Kai Man So, Geok Soon Hong, Wen Feng Lu
Summary: This study introduces an improved management strategy for Battery/Ultracapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage Systems in Electric Vehicles, achieving better performance through a more comprehensive approach in setting UC energy levels and speed-dependent battery power limits. The strategy aims to fulfill multiple goals such as anticipating future driving demands without prior knowledge, enhancing the utilization of UC and battery, and extending battery cycle life.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART D-JOURNAL OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lingcong Guo, Pan Hu, Hong Wei
Summary: A dedicated energy storage system suitable for hybrid electric vehicles, called the hybrid supercapacitor-based energy storage system, has been proposed. This system combines the advantages of supercapacitor materials and lithium-ion battery materials, providing low cost, long life cycle, high safety, wide working temperature range, high power density, and high energy density. The developed supercapacitor battery pack and hybrid electric vehicle with this system demonstrated significant performance improvements.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
R. Saravanan, O. Sobhana, M. Lakshmanan, P. Arulkumar
Summary: This manuscript proposes a hybrid technique, called JSO-RSA method, for the energy management of a battery-based FC electric vehicle system. The method aims to minimize the equivalent consumption by controlling the operational mode, state machine, and dynamic power factor. The proposed method demonstrates high efficiency (90.2%) and low operating cost ($568) compared to existing methods.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Chunchun Jia, Kunang Li, Hongwen He, Jiaming Zhou, Jianwei Li, Zhongbao Wei
Summary: This paper proposes an energy management strategy for fuel cell hybrid electric buses that considers air-conditioning control and on-board energy sources health awareness. The strategy optimizes power allocation to minimize total operating cost while maintaining cabin comfort. Comparative analysis shows that the proposed strategy improves training efficiency by 56.7% and reduces total operating cost by 8.58% compared to the benchmark strategy based on deep deterministic policy gradient.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhiguang Hua, Tianhong Wang, Xianglong Li, Dongdong Zhao, Yuanlin Wang, Manfeng Dou
Summary: This research introduces a multi-objective comprehensive optimization power distribution strategy specifically designed for a hybrid electric vehicle that utilizes both fuel cell and battery technology. The strategy focuses on optimizing the operational cost and service life of the fuel cell stack, as well as the energy storage system's lifetime loss and state of charge (SOC) fluctuation. Furthermore, the research aims to enhance fuel efficiency by optimizing the hydrogen consumption of the system. The proposed strategy has been validated using hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) bench, showing advantages over other benchmark power distribution strategies.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zexing Wang, Hongwen He, Jiankun Peng, Weiqi Chen, Changcheng Wu, Yi Fan, Jiaxuan Zhou
Summary: Research on deep reinforcement learning-based energy management strategies for hybrid electric vehicles is rapidly developing. This study designs four DRL-based EMSs for HEVs with a multiobjective optimization reward function that considers battery health. The performance of these EMSs is intensively studied under nine driving cycles, and the SAC-based EMS achieves the lowest fuel consumption and highest battery health. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the parametric and driving cycle study of DRL-based EMSs.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hoai-Linh T. Nguyen, Bao-Huy Nguyen, Thanh Vo-Duy, Joao Pedro F. Trovao
Summary: This paper investigates the optimization of battery lifespan in electric vehicles by proposing adaptive filtering energy management strategies based on supercapacitors (SC), with a comparative study showing significant reduction in battery rms current under different driving conditions.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Aissa Benhammou, Hamza Tedjini, Mohammed Amine Hartani, Rania M. Ghoniem, Ali Alahmer
Summary: The development of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is gaining momentum as a solution for reducing carbon emissions and improving fuel efficiency. The fuel cell/battery/supercapacitor HEV (FC/Bat/SC HEV) has emerged as a particularly promising choice due to its efficient energy management and adaptability to different driving requirements. This study presents a novel approach for harnessing the kinetic energy of a sensorless HEV, utilizing a combination of fuel cell, supercapacitor, and lithium-ion battery energy storage banks. By exploiting additional DC and AC generators linked to the vehicle's front wheels, the system is able to capture free kinetic energy and achieve high supply efficiency, reducing the reliance on fuel cells and batteries and resulting in significant fuel consumption reduction.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Muhammed Resit Corapsiz, Hakan Kahveci
Summary: This paper proposes a new energy management strategy for electric vehicles with battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage systems, achieving optimized load management and demonstrating promising results in experiments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Rusber Rodriguez, Joao Pedro F. Trovao, Javier Solano
Summary: Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles combine high energy density of hydrogen with high-power density storage system, favoring response to load changes and vehicle's autonomy. Developing an adequate energy management strategy is a key challenge for FC-HEVs to determine power distribution among available sources.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Majid A. Abdullah, Ali Q. Al-Shetwi, M. Mansor, M. A. Hannan, Chee Wei Tan, A. H. M. Yatim
Summary: This paper designs and implements LQR controllers for a hybrid energy system consisting of ultracapacitor energy storage and wind energy system. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed controllers can regulate the dc-bus voltage and extract maximum power from wind effectively.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2022)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
M. S. Hossain Lipu, Shaheer Ansari, Md. Sazal Miah, Kamrul Hasan, Sheikh T. Meraj, M. Faisal, Taskin Jamal, Sawal H. M. Ali, Aini Hussain, Kashem M. Muttaqi, M. A. Hannan
Summary: This review investigates the scheduling operation of battery energy systems and their impact on decarbonization in microgrid applications. It discusses the optimization objectives and constraints of battery energy storage systems, as well as various controllers and optimization methods. The review also provides recommendations for developing an advanced optimized scheduling controller for battery energy storage systems to achieve sustainable management and decarbonization goals in microgrids.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Kashem M. Muttaqi, Obaidur Rahman, Danny Sutanto, M. S. Hossain Lipu, Maher G. M. Abdolrasol, M. A. Hannan
Summary: This article proposes a novel approach to control the EV charging load using ripple injection load control signals. It offers a viable solution where a smart grid solution is not available and allows for control based on the stochastic nature of a future grid.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. A. Hannan, Sayem M. Abu, Ali Q. Al-Shetwi, M. Mansor, M. N. M. Ansari, Kashem M. Muttaqi, Z. Y. Dong
Summary: Environmentally friendly and pollution-free hydrogen cell, battery and supercapacitor hybrid power system has attracted the attention of scientists. This paper presents a quantitative analysis of knowledge carriers in hydrogen energy storage and establishes a hybrid power system. The research findings suggest that integrating hydrogen energy storage with batteries and supercapacitors provides valuable insights into the field's progress and development.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Review
Computer Science, Information Systems
Mohammad Sazib Mollik, Mahammad A. Hannan, Md Subbir Reza, Muhamad Safwan Abd Rahman, Molla Shahadat Hossain Lipu, Pin Jern Ker, Muhamad Mansor, Kashem M. Muttaqi
Summary: Solid-state transformer (SST) technology is a developing technology that will be widely used in smart grid applications. It has advantages such as compact size, low cost, and ease of connection. However, there are concerns that need to be addressed. This paper reviews SST technology and its control schemes, provides future directions for research and development, and analyzes the evaluation and drawbacks of SSTs in different applications.
Review
Energy & Fuels
M. S. Hossain Lipu, Shaheer Ansari, Md Sazal Miah, Sheikh T. Meraj, Kamrul Hasan, A. S. M. Shihavuddin, M. A. Hannan, Kashem M. Muttaqi, Aini Hussain
Summary: This paper provides a comprehensive review of deep learning-enabled estimation of state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), and remaining useful life (RUL) in electric vehicle battery management systems. It explores methods, implementations, strengths, weaknesses, issues, accuracy, and contributions, as well as important implementation factors and limitations of deep learning in battery management systems. The paper also discusses future opportunities and prospects for accurate and robust deep learning-based techniques in sustainable EV applications.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
K. Parvin, M. A. Hannan, Looe Hui Mun, M. S. Hossain Lipu, Maher G. M. Abdolrasol, Pin Jern Ker, Kashem M. Muttaqi, Z. Y. Dong
Summary: This paper comprehensively reviews the application of energy internet (EI) in smart grid (SG), discussing the architecture, technology, and applications of EI. It also discusses the integrated utility services in EI and the demand-side management (DSM) connected with the EI environment, and highlights the existing problems and challenges.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mohd Nur Ikhmal Salehmin, Muhammad Farhan Hil Me, Wan Ramli Wan Daud, Nazlina Haiza Mohd Yasin, Mimi Hani Abu Bakar, Abu Bakar Sulong, Swee Su Lim
Summary: This study introduces an improved design of microbial electrodialysis cells (MEDCs) with an internal proton migration pathway (IP-MEDC), which enhances the overall performance of the system. Both simulation tests and experimental results under biotic conditions show that the IP-MEDC exhibits higher COD removal rate, desalination rate, and hydrogen production compared to the conventional design. The study also suggests that increasing the anode volume and reducing the replacement frequency of the electrolytes can further improve the system performance while reducing operating costs.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
M. A. Hannan, M. S. Abd Rahman, Ali Q. Al-Shetwi, R. A. Begum, Pin Jern Ker, M. Mansor, M. S. Mia, M. J. Hossain, Z. Y. Dong, T. M. I. Mahlia
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had diverse impacts on different sectors, but its effects on achieving the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have not been thoroughly assessed. Using an expert elicitation model, this study evaluates the positive and negative impacts of COVID-19 on the 169 targets of the SDGs. The findings show that COVID-19 has a low positive impact on achieving only 34 targets (20.12%), with a high negative impact on 54 targets (31.95%), particularly in the economy and society groups.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Akmal Z. Z. Arsad, Ahmad Wafi Mahmood Zuhdi, Noor Baa'yah Ibrahim, Mahammad A. A. Hannan
Summary: This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of highly cited papers on YIG films published between 2012 and 2022. The results indicate that research on YIG films is an expanding and developing field.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Khaled A. Mahafzah, Ali Q. Al-Shetwi, M. A. Hannan, Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu, Nnamdi Nwulu
Summary: This paper introduces a new DC-DC configuration called the Mahafzah converter based on the Cuk converter. It aims to improve reliability, size, and cost compared to the conventional Cuk converter, by utilizing a coupling capacitor with a lower rated voltage.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
M. A. Hannan, Ali Q. Q. Al-Shetwi, M. S. Mollik, Pin Jern Ker, M. Mannan, M. Mansor, Hussein M. K. Al-Masri, T. M. Indra Mahlia
Summary: The use of renewable energy techniques is gaining popularity due to increasing demand and environmental concerns. Wind power has untapped potential as an alternative energy source. The role of converters in wind energy conversion, control, and application toward sustainable development has not been thoroughly investigated. This paper provides a comprehensive review of converters' impact on wind energy conversion and highlights the need for efficient, stable, and sustainable wind power technologies.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Sheikh T. Meraj, M. S. Abd Rahman, Nor Zaihar Yahaya, Pin Jern Ker, Touhid M. Hossain, M. S. Hossain Lipu, Kashem M. Muttaqi, M. A. Hannan
Summary: This research presents a comprehensive study on a minimized component pencil shaped 9-level inverter constructed with just two DC supplies. By using fewer power electronic switches and utilizing the DC supplies correctly, the proposed inverter is more efficient. The study includes the development of simplified formulas for determining the optimal parameters and comparison studies to justify its advantages over other inverters of similar types.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Kamrul Hasan, Sheikh Tanzim Meraj, Muhammad Murtadha Othman, M. S. Hossain Lipu, M. A. Hannan, Kashem M. Muttaqi
Summary: This study presents a new small-signal design of SGF-based filtration in the SRF-PLL, which improves dynamic response and harmonic profile under imbalanced and harmonically disturbed environments.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2022)
Review
Computer Science, Information Systems
Nurshazlina Suhaimy, Nurul Asyikin Mohamed Radzi, Wan Siti Halimatul Munirah Wan Ahmad, Kaiyisah Hanis Mohd Azmi, M. A. Hannan
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive review of smart grid communication and its possible solutions, highlighting existing networking methods and communication network architecture, and offering recommendations for improvement.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
M. Genovese, F. Piraino, P. Fragiacomo
Summary: This research proposes the concept of a hydrogen valley in southern Italy, where hydrogen is produced centrally and delivered via fuel cell hybrid trains to refueling stations, providing transportation services. The analysis from both technical and economic perspectives shows that the cost of hydrogen and energy efficiency reached competitive levels, and hydrogen rail transport offers significant benefits in terms of emissions reduction and economic gains compared to conventional diesel trains and fully electric trains.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2024)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Miaomiao Liu, Payam Nejat, Pinlu Cao, Carlos Jimenez-Bescos, John Kaiser Calautit
Summary: This article provides a critical review of the performance of windcatchers, pointing out the current research gaps and issues, and proposing directions for further investigation and market prospects.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2024)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Solomon Boadu, Ebenezer Otoo
Summary: Despite Africa's vast energy resources, including wind energy, the continent faces challenges in developing its wind energy industry. Northern African countries and South Africa currently dominate the wind energy sector in Africa. To uplift Africa's socio-economic status, strong political will, supportive policies, and institutional frameworks are needed to drive the development of wind energy and overcome existing challenges.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2024)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
E. K. Grubbs, S. M. Gruss, V. Z. Schull, M. J. Gosney, M. V. Mickelbart, S. Brouder, M. W. Gitau, P. Bermel, M. R. Tuinstra, R. Agrawal
Summary: As the global population grows, the demand for food, energy, and water will increase significantly. However, limited land availability and competition for solar resources pose challenges to resource generation technologies. In the United States, both agriculture and solar energy production have adopted densification schemes to improve yields and energy output per unit of land. This research proposes an Agrivoltaic food and energy coproduction architecture that optimizes power generation while maintaining crop productivity by implementing ideal anti-tracking during critical growth periods. This technology offers a viable pathway for widespread solar implementation throughout the contiguous United States.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2024)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Han Shao, Rui Henriques, Hugo Morais, Elisabetta Tedeschi
Summary: The integration of offshore wind energy into the electric grid provides opportunities in terms of environmental sustainability and cost efficiency, but poses challenges to power quality. This survey offers a deeper understanding of disturbance detection and classification tools, exploring root causes, disturbance locations, and algorithmic solutions. It highlights synchronized waveform measurement and discusses evaluation metrics for detection and classification algorithms. Additionally, a novel system-wide monitoring framework is proposed.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2024)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Eleni Davidson, Yair Schwartz, Joe Williams, Dejan Mumovic
Summary: A continued upward trend in global greenhouse gas emissions poses risks to global infrastructure and built assets. Maintaining high indoor environmental quality standards is a challenge for higher education institutions under future climates. Passive cooling mechanisms may be insufficient to tolerate predicted temperature increases. Different building typologies have varying energy demand projections.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2024)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Kexin Pang, Jian Zhou, Stamatis Tsianikas, David W. Coit, Yizhong Ma
Summary: This study proposes a new framework for long-term microgrid expansion planning, using deep reinforcement learning method to consider various uncertainties and constraints. The framework aims to enhance the effectiveness of microgrid expansion planning from the perspectives of economy, resilience, and greenhouse gas emission reduction.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2024)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jun Zhao, Kangyin Dong, Xiucheng Dong
Summary: The continuous growth of global electricity penetration has provided modern energy for alleviating energy poverty, but its impact on carbon neutrality has been overlooked. The research reveals that clean electricity from traditional fossil energy and renewable energy has a positive influence on the greenhouse effect. Eradicating energy poverty can effectively alleviate the greenhouse effect, especially in non-Belt and Road Initiative (B&RI) nations.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2024)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Hossein Shahbeik, Hamed Kazemi Shariat Panahi, Mona Dehhaghi, Gilles J. Guillemin, Alireza Fallahi, Homa Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, Hamid Amiri, Mohammad Rehan, Deepak Raikwar, Hannes Latine, Bruno Pandalone, Benyamin Khoshnevisan, Christian Sonne, Luigi Vaccaro, Abdul-Sattar Nizami, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Su Shiung Lam, Junting Pan, Rafael Luque, Bert Sels, Wanxi Peng, Meisam Tabatabaei, Mortaza Aghbashlo
Summary: This review explores the production of biocrude oil from biomass feedstocks through the process of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). It discusses the impact of process parameters on the quality, quantity, cost, and environmental impacts of biofuels. The review also highlights the challenges and prospects for the future development of biocrude oil.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2024)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Meysam Majidi Nezhad, Mehdi Neshat, Georgios Sylaios, Davide Astiaso Garcia
Summary: Digital twins promise innovation for the marine renewable energy sector by using modern technological advances and the existing maritime knowledge frameworks. This research presents critical aspects of digital twin implementation challenges in marine energy digitalization approaches that use and combine data systems.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2024)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yeganeh Sharifian, Hamdi Abdi
Summary: This paper discusses the background and objectives of the multi-area economic dispatch problem, as well as various techniques and methods applied in this field. It also covers comprehensive formulations of the problem and important issues in the field of probabilistic MAED, along with some related concepts and suggestions.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2024)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
J. G. B. Churchill, V. B. Borugadda, A. K. Dalai
Summary: The increasing global energy demand and the need to reduce fossil fuel reliance have created a demand for renewable and sustainable fuel sources. This review explores the potential of tall oil, a by-product of the pulping industry, as a feedstock for biofuels. The review provides an overview of tall oil production, purification, and treatment, and investigates recent trends and barriers towards tall oil-derived biofuels.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2024)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
David C. Broadstock, Xiangnan Wang
Summary: This study provides a general review of research on district cooling, identifying key topics and themes and highlighting potential research priorities for future studies.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2024)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
L. Scharnhorst, D. Sloot, N. Lehmann, A. Ardone, W. Fichtner
Summary: This study investigates and analyzes the barriers to demand response in industrial and commercial sectors, highlighting their significance. Concerns about diminished product quality, disruptions to production processes, human resource management, and revenue uncertainty are identified as the most frequently cited barriers. Overcoming these barriers requires bridging knowledge gaps, allocating sufficient resources, and adapting external incentives and policies.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2024)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Tong Feng, Yuechi Sun, Yating Shi, Jie Ma, Chunmei Feng, Zhenni Chen
Summary: Air pollution is a significant global challenge, and policymakers have implemented policies to reduce it. Evaluating the effectiveness of these policies is critical, and our study reveals trends and gaps in air pollution policy research. We found that research has shifted from focusing solely on air pollutants to including methodologies, policies, and health implications. China has emerged as a major contributor in this field of research.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2024)
