Article
Microbiology
Jun Young Park, Jae-Ho Jung, Jung Hyun Kwak, Heum Gi Park, Chang-Keun Kang, Hyun Je Park
Summary: Understanding the magnitude and causes of isotopic fractionation between organisms and their dietary resources is crucial for stable isotope ecology. The study found that the isotopic fractionation values for marine ciliates are similar to those of common marine organisms, suggesting little food-dependent variation in their trophic transfer of carbon, nitrogen, and energy flow through the microbial pathway in marine ecosystems.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Keryn Roberts, Michael Grace, Perran Cook, Dirk Erler, Wei Wen Wong
Summary: The effectiveness of nitrogen removal in wetlands depends on biological processes. Isotopic fractionation factors were measured to evaluate nitrogen transformation processes in two urban water treatment wetlands. Differences in sampling conditions, such as rainfall patterns and light availability, affected the removal capability of the wetlands. Nitrate removal was influenced by overall nutrient inputs, residence time, and water temperature.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Leonid Y. Aranovich, Alexey N. Pertsev, Andrey V. Girnis, Nikolay S. Bortnikov, Paula M. Antoshechkina
Summary: New data on the chemical composition of basalt glasses collected in the anomaly region of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge provide insight into the compositional variability and potential source materials. The study indicates that the glasses show a wide range of compositions and could originate from both depleted mantle and other source materials. The results suggest two alternative hypotheses, partial melting of continental crustal material and melt-rock interaction within off-axial gabbro structures, as potential mechanisms for the compositional diversity observed in the samples.
Article
Fisheries
Bryan M. Maitland, Frank J. Rahel
Summary: Food web investigations using stable isotope analyses help inform management strategies by quantitatively describing interactions among species. Fin tissue can provide useful alternative stable isotope values to white muscle tissue, and species-specific conversion models are recommended for accurate results.
NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Yang Yang, Yaru Zhang, Xianyu Huang
Summary: The study focused on seasonal variations in the molecular distributions and hydrogen isotope compositions of n-alkanes and n-alkanoic acids in three tree species. It found that differences in concentrations and delta H-2 values of n-alkanes and n-alkanoic acids exist between seasons, possibly due to differences in synthesis times. The hydrogen isotope offset between n-alkanes and n-alkanoic acids varied across seasons and among the tree species, highlighting the importance of considering climatic conditions when interpreting differences in delta H-2(wax) values in paleoenvironmental reconstructions.
PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yangnan Guo, Man Zhang, Ying Wang, Wenqing Tian, Jidong Liang, Houzhang Tan, Xuebin Wang
Summary: The microbial degradation of n-hexadecane (n-C16) and n-heneicosane (n-C21) in soil during natural attenuation (NA) and bioaugmentation (BA) was investigated using compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA), microbial community analysis, and key enzyme gene analysis. Both NA and BA treatments resulted in over 95% degradation of n-C16 and n-C21 within 3 and 6 days, respectively, with slightly faster degradation in BA. CSIA showed that n-C16 exhibited a reverse hydrogen isotope fractionation effect, while n-C21 showed a normal hydrogen isotope fractionation effect, and the degree of fractionation was higher in BA than in NA. The dominant microbial genera involved in degradation differed between BA and NA, and certain added strains during BA, such as Rhodococcus and Brevundimonas, showed high potential for alkane contamination remediation. The alkB and almA genes played key roles in the biodegradation of n-C16 and n-C21, with alkB being more promoted by n-C16 and almA being more motivated by n-C21. The different types of alkane-degrading bacteria with different enzyme reaction kinetics may explain the opposite hydrogen isotope fractionation observed during the biodegradation of n-C16 and n-C21. Overall, CSIA is a suitable technique for quantitatively evaluating the biodegradation of different alkanes during NA and BA bioremediation processes in contaminated sites.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anna E. Poslednik, Thomas G. Evans, James Jackson, Anthony VanDeValk, Thomas Brooking, Lars Rudstam
Summary: Gut content analyses show that round gobies are highly dependent on dreissenid mussels, but stable isotope analysis often suggests a lower contribution of dreissenids. To test this, round gobies were collected from Oneida Lake and raised under different diets. The results indicate that the importance of dreissenid mussels may be underestimated in stable isotope studies.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Maria-Theresia Verwega, Christopher J. Somes, Markus Schartau, Robyn Elizabeth Tuerena, Anne Lorrain, Andreas Oschlies, Thomas Slawig
Summary: Observations of marine particulate organic carbon stable isotope ratios are crucial for understanding carbon cycling, but the interpretation is complicated by phytoplankton photosynthesis. By collecting and homogenizing a large dataset, insights into the temporal and spatial distribution of marine δ C-13(POC) can be gained, revealing varying trends across different ocean basins.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2021)
Article
Environmental Studies
Dipita Ghosh, Subodh Kumar Maiti
Summary: Afforestation and biochar application can effectively enhance carbon sequestration and soil carbon content of coal mine reclamation, improving spoil properties and soil carbon levels, contributing to achieving UN climate action and biodiversity protection goals.
Article
Cell Biology
Mohsen A. Bakooshli, Yu Xin Wang, Elena Monti, Shiqi Su, Peggy Kraft, Minas Nalbandian, Ludmila Alexandrova, Joshua R. Wheeler, Hannes Vogel, Helen M. Blau
Summary: This study discovered that inhibition of the enzyme 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) can promote motor axon regeneration and neuromuscular synapse formation, leading to an acceleration in recovery of strength. In aged mice, inhibition of 15-PGDH increased motor neuron viability and restored neuromuscular junctions and function, resulting in a marked increase in muscle strength. The findings suggest that inhibiting 15-PGDH may be a therapeutic strategy for improving strength in cases of acute or chronic denervation due to injury, disease, or aging.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Anthea Fredrickson, Guillaume Rieucau, Quenton Fontenot, Alec Lackmann, Solomon R. David
Summary: Stable isotope analysis (SIA) is a powerful tool for studying trophic ecology, and this study evaluated the feasibility of using fin tissue as a nonlethal alternative to muscle tissue. Strong positive correlations in delta N-15 and delta C-13 between fin and muscle tissues were found in both Spotted Gars and Alligator Gars, suggesting that fin tissue can be a nonlethal substitute for muscle tissue in SIA for these species.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Berta H. Ganizada, Koen D. Reesink, Shaiv Parikh, Mitch J. F. G. Ramaekers, Asim C. Akbulut, Pepijn J. M. H. Saraber, Gijs P. Debeij, Ehsan MUMC TAA Student Team, Armand M. Jaminon, Ehsan Natour, Roberto Lorusso, Joachim E. Wildberger, Barend Mees, Geert Willem Schurink, Michael J. Jacobs, Jack Cleutjens, Ingrid Krapels, Alexander Gombert, Jos G. Maessen, Ryan Accord, Tammo Delhaas, Simon Schalla, Leon J. Schurgers, Elham Bidar
Summary: Current management guidelines for ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (aTAA) suggest intervention once the diameter reaches 5-5.5 cm or shows a growth rate of >0.5 cm/year. However, aTAA dissections (aTAAD) often occur in vessels with diameters below the surgical intervention threshold. To improve understanding of aTAA pathophysiology, the MAPEX platform focuses on the interactions between vascular smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix, aiming to narrow knowledge gaps and improve diagnostic and prognostic possibilities.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Milton Augusto Goncalves Pereira, Marisa Domingos, Emerson Alves da Silva, Sonia Aragaki, Mauro Ramon, Plinio Barbosa de Camargo, Mauricio Lamano Ferreira
Summary: This study investigates the dynamics of C and N in urban forests in a subtropical region, finding variations in isotopic signatures of leaves and soil, as well as physiological traits of trees, within different areas influenced by land use and vehicular fleet.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Anne-Sophie Archambault, Francesco Tinto, Elizabeth Dumais, Volatiana Rakotoarivelo, Magdalena Kostrzewa, Pier-Luc Plante, Cyril Martin, Melissa Simard, Cristoforo Silvestri, Roxane Pouliot, Michel Laviolette, Louis-Philippe Boulet, Rosa Maria Vitale, Alessia Ligresti, Vincenzo Di Marzo, Nicolas Flamand
Summary: Endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol and N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine are lipids that regulate various physiological processes, including inflammation, and are being studied as potential anti-inflammatory agents. Human eosinophils and neutrophils have been found to metabolize 1-linoleoyl-glycerol (1-LG) and N-linoleoyl-ethanolamine (LEA) into novel endogenous 15-lipoxygenase metabolites 13-HODE-G and 13-HODE-EA, although the biological significance of these metabolites is not yet fully understood.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Sarah M. Larocque, Aaron T. Fisk, Timothy B. Johnson
Summary: The study found that lipid extraction can alter isotopic ratios in muscle tissue of adult salmonids, but fin tissue has comparable isotopic ratios to muscle tissue. Specific lipid normalization models can effectively adjust delta C-13 values in lipid-rich muscle of salmonids.
RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY
(2021)
Article
Water Resources
Razak Abu, Maureen G. Reed, Timothy D. Jardine
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
(2020)
Article
Ecology
Michael P. Venarsky, Ben Stewart-Koster, Richard J. Hunt, Timothy D. Jardine, Stuart E. Bunn
FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Nadine Ebm, Fen Guo, Michael T. Brett, Stuart E. Bunn, Martin J. Kainz
Summary: The study shows that consumers in headwater streams heavily rely on algae for PUFA (omega-3 fatty acids), which are crucial for the neural organ development of fish.
Article
Limnology
Bianca Molinari, Ben Stewart-Koster, Maria Fernanda Adame, Max D. Campbell, Glenn McGregor, Cameron Schulz, Tim J. Malthus, Stuart Bunn
Summary: Floodplain wetlands in the Mitchell River in tropical Australia show high algal productivity in riverine wetlands and submerged habitats. Habitat type and turbidity can predict algal productivity with reasonable accuracy, providing insights for conservation and water planning frameworks.
Article
Plant Sciences
Fen Guo, Stuart E. Bunn, Michael T. Brett, Hannes Hager, Martin J. Kainz
Summary: The study reveals that dark biofilms are a high-quality resource pool often overlooked in river ecosystems, providing important fatty acids and bacterial fatty acids for invertebrates.
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Fen Guo, Nadine Ebm, Stuart E. Bunn, Michael T. Brett, Hannes Hager, Martin J. Kainz
Summary: Recent studies suggest that algae are a more nutritious food source for riverine consumers than leaf litter, and there are systematic differences in fatty acid profiles between terrestrial leaves and aquatic biota. Longitudinal variations in diet quality of basal food sources in river ecosystems can affect consumer somatic growth, highlighting the importance of algal resources and the need to account for longitudinal shifts in their quality.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alexandre Lima de F. Teixeira, Anik Bhaduri, Stuart E. Bunn, Sergio R. Ayrimoraes
Summary: Despite advances in water resources management and planning, the Sao Francisco River Basin in Brazil has faced systematic drought issues in recent years, leading to severe human and environmental water security threats. This paper suggests that increasing investment in green infrastructure, particularly in the Grande River basin upstream, may help reduce externalities and minimize water security risks.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Songyan Yu, Peter M. Rose, Nick R. Bond, Stuart E. Bunn, Mark J. Kennard
Summary: This study demonstrates a new approach to identify surface water bodies as priority refuges for efficient conservation management of freshwater biodiversity in intermittent stream networks, considering the spatial distribution of dry-season aquatic refuges within river networks and the temporal dynamics of hydrological connectivity between them.
AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Andressa da Silva Reis, Stuart E. Bunn, Miriam Pilz Albrecht
Summary: The study investigated the responses of fish communities to land use change in the Atlantic Forest ecoregion of southeast Brazil. The results showed that land use change affected the food web structure of fish communities and their inter-species and intra-guild trophic interactions. The study suggested that assessments of trophic interactions can detect the effects of land-use disturbance on fish communities.
FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Luke Carpenter-Bundhoo, Gavin L. L. Butler, Nick R. R. Bond, Jason D. D. Thiem, Stuart E. E. Bunn, Mark J. J. Kennard
Summary: Variation in river flow is crucial for the movement of freshwater fish species, with environmental flows playing a significant role in influencing their behavior. In a study of two native fish species in regulated rivers in Australia, it was found that environmental flow releases impacted the movement behaviors of the fish. Different species responded differently to environmental flow releases, and the timing of flow pulses was shown to influence their movements.
FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Nadine Ebm, Fen Guo, Michael T. Brett, Stuart E. Bunn, Brian Fry, Martin J. Kainz
Summary: Organisms at the base of stream food webs have a low supply of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), while consumers at higher trophic levels are rich in LC-PUFA. This study investigated the origins of LC-PUFA in these consumers and found that they are likely obtained through selective retention of dietary sources rather than endogenous conversion. Stable isotopes were used to track the sources of LC-PUFA, with results showing that consumers retained algal-derived PUFA in oligotrophic headwater streams.
FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Johan Rockstroem, Joyeeta Gupta, Dahe Qin, Steven J. Lade, Jesse F. Abrams, Lauren S. Andersen, David I. Armstrong McKay, Xuemei Bai, Govindasamy Bala, Stuart E. Bunn, Daniel Ciobanu, Fabrice DeClerck, Kristie Ebi, Lauren Gifford, Christopher Gordon, Syezlin Hasan, Norichika Kanie, Timothy M. Lenton, Sina Loriani, Diana M. Liverman, Awaz Mohamed, Nebojsa Nakicenovic, David Obura, Daniel Ospina, Klaudia Prodani, Crelis Rammelt, Boris Sakschewski, Joeri Scholtens, Ben Stewart-Koster, Thejna Tharammal, Detlef van Vuuren, Peter H. Verburg, Ricarda Winkelmann, Caroline Zimm, Elena M. Bennett, Stefan Bringezu, Wendy Broadgate, Pamela A. Green, Lei Huang, Lisa Jacobson, Christopher Ndehedehe, Simona Pedde, Juan Rocha, Marten Scheffer, Lena Schulte-Uebbing, Wim de Vries, Cunde Xiao, Chi Xu, Xinwu Xu, Noelia Zafra-Calvo, Xin Zhang
Summary: The stability and resilience of the Earth system and human well-being are closely linked but often treated independently. This study proposes safe and just Earth system boundaries to maintain stability and minimize harm to humans from Earth system change. Findings show that justice considerations have a greater impact on setting boundaries than safety considerations.
Article
Zoology
Thiely O. Garcia, Naraiana L. Benone, Bruno S. Prudente, Naiara R. Torres, Stuart E. Bunn, Mark J. Kennard, Luciano F. A. Montag
Summary: The Amazon River basins have unique natural and anthropogenic characteristics that affect the structure and biota of stream habitats. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of local, macroscale, and land-use variables on the structure of stream fish assemblages in Amazonian catchments with different deforestation levels. The results showed that macroscale and local variables explained the variation in fish composition, while land use also played a role in the variation when spatial effects were not considered. In forested catchments, the fish assemblages were associated with streams with natural characteristics, while in deforested catchments, they were associated with land use, sandy catchments, and less complex streams.
NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ben Stewart-Koster, Stuart E. Bunn, Pamela Green, Christopher Ndehedehe, Lauren S. Andersen, David I. Armstrong McKay, Xuemei Bai, Fabrice DeClerck, Kristie L. Ebi, Christopher Gordon, Joyeeta Gupta, Syezlin Hasan, Lisa Jacobson, Steven J. Lade, Diana Liverman, Sina Loriani, Awaz Mohamed, Nebojsa Nakicenovic, David Obura, Dahe Qin, Crelis Rammelt, Juan C. Rocha, Johan Rockstroem, Peter H. Verburg, Caroline Zimm
Summary: This study assesses whether renewable surface water is enough to meet people's basic needs and estimates that approximately 2.6 billion people live in river basins where groundwater is needed, while over 1.4 billion people would require demand-side transformations and another 1.5 billion people would require both supply and demand-side transformations. These findings highlight the challenges and opportunities of meeting basic water access needs and protecting aquatic ecosystems.
NATURE SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Mariana A. Campbell, Vinay Udyawer, Timothy D. Jardine, Yusuke Fukuda, R. Keller Kopf, Stuart E. Bunn, Hamish A. Campbell
Summary: This study explores the dietary changes of estuarine crocodiles during their population recovery. The results show that contemporary crocodiles have a preference for terrestrial food sources rather than marine ones, possibly due to increased competition and a higher abundance of feral ungulates. The study also reveals that the consumption of feral pigs by crocodiles helps control pig population growth and increase the flow of terrestrially derived nutrients into aquatic ecosystems.