Article
Polymer Science
Haniyeh Malektaj, Aleksey D. Drozdov, Jesper deClaville Christiansen
Summary: This study investigates the preparation of cross-linked alginate hydrogels using various cations and analyzes their equilibrium swelling and mechanical properties. The results show that the type of cations used in the cross-linking process affects the elastic moduli and equilibrium degree of swelling. Experimental data is fitted with a model that involves two material parameters, and numerical analysis reveals the influence of cations on these quantities. The study also finds that the relationship between the elastic modulus and equilibrium swelling differs from that predicted by conventional theory for covalently cross-linked gels.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Francesco Cantamessa, Giacomo Damonte, Orietta Monticelli, Rossella Arrigo, Alberto Fina
Summary: In this study, a covalent adaptable network based on the thermoreversible cross-linking of an ethylene-propylene rubber through Diels-Alder reaction was prepared through melt blending. The research shows that this rubber has the potential to compete with conventionally cross-linked elastomers and can be recycled through a simple melt processing step. Furthermore, the addition of reduced graphene oxide to the thermoreversible rubber significantly improves its stiffness and thermal conductivity.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Xueli Yang, Li Yang, Xiaodan Teng, Qifang Wang, Yueqiong Wang, Chuanhui Xu
Summary: This study reports a strengthened biobased epoxidized natural rubber/adipic acid/cellulose nanocrystal (ENR/AA/CNC) composite, in which biobased adipic acid (AA) forms a network with reversible ester bonds with ENR, allowing the composite to rearrange its topology at high temperatures and exhibit reprocessing capabilities. Additionally, the cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) form hydrogen bonds with ENR chains, enhancing the mechanical performance of the ENR/AA/CNC composite.
Article
Polymer Science
Irina Elena Raschip, Nicusor Fifere, Maria Marinela Lazar, Gabriela-Elena Hitruc, Maria Valentina Dinu
Summary: The use of polysaccharides with good film-forming properties in food packaging systems is a promising area of research. Xanthan gum (XG), an extracellular polysaccharide, has many industrial uses, but XG-based polymer films have some disadvantages, such as poor mechanical properties and high hydrophilic features. This study aimed to stabilize a XG matrix by cross-linking it with different compounds below the freezing point of the reaction mixture. XG-based cryogels with improved physicochemical properties were successfully prepared using the cryogelation technique.
Article
Polymer Science
Katarzyna Mitula, Rafal Januszewski, Julia Duszczak, Monika Rzonsowska, Beata Dudziec
Summary: A series of unique organic-inorganic hybrid materials were designed, synthesized, and characterized using spectroscopic methods. The synthesis strategy was optimized to achieve high conversion rates, and the results revealed the influence of the type and content of the applied double-decker silsesquioxanes on the properties of the materials. This study can lead to the preparation of materials with tailored properties.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jianqun Wang, Wenxia Xu, Wenxuan Zhang, Junlong Da, Lixue Liu, Xiaowei Huang, Chubo Yang, Yuanbo Zhan, Han Jin, Ying Li, Bin Zhang
Summary: This study develops a chitosan injectable hydrogel based on catechol and 4-glutenoic acid to avoid swelling and promote wound healing. The hydrogel controls its swelling by forming hydrophobic alkyl chains. It exhibits good injectable and adhesive properties, and possesses antibacterial and coagulation functions. Furthermore, it accelerates wound healing and demonstrates effective hemostasis in liver and femoral artery defects in mice. Overall, this non-swelling injectable hydrogel shows promise as a treatment for defect repair.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Filippo Bisotti, Fabio Pizzetti, Giuseppe Storti, Filippo Rossi
Summary: Hydrogels are 3D structures of hydrophilic polymers that have gained significant importance in various applications, such as tissue engineering and drug delivery. In this study, hydrogels were synthesized using branched polyacrylic acid and aliphatic polyetherdiamine and their swelling behavior and drug release capabilities were investigated through mathematical modeling and literature models.
DRUG DELIVERY AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Mohammad Azad, Gulenay Guner, Afolawemi Afolabi, Rajesh Dave, Ecevit Bilgili
Summary: This study investigated the impact of solvents on the wet stirred media milling of cross-linked biopolymers, finding that water-based milling is more favorable for producing stable nanosuspensions compared to acetone due to better nanoparticle stabilization in water and the softening and coarsening of SSG particles induced by water.
ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sheilan Sinjari, Yuqing Zhao, Jingwen Li, Marta Skreta, Heather Sweny, Chen Hong, Harald D. H. Stover
Summary: This study investigates the synthesis and properties of micron-sized particles obtained by precipitation polymerization. The diameter of the particles is found to vary depending on the reaction solvent, cross-linker type and loading, and the composition of the comonomers. The results provide insights into controlling the size and swelling properties of the particles.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Shuai Shen, Yi Xin, Zhaoqi Niu, Xutao Ma, Junan Zhang, Xiao Hou, Xiaoyan Ma
Summary: In this study, a phosphazene derivative was used as a cross-linking agent to improve the mechanical strength, thermal stability, and ablation resistance of liquid silicone rubber. This work has important implications for the application of liquid silicone rubber in fields with high thermal performance requirements.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Li Xu, Liqian Zhu, Suyun Jie, Zhiyang Bu, Bo-Geng Li
Summary: The reversibly cross-linked rubber based on reversible covalent bonds is prepared through chain extension and cross-linking reactions, and it has controllable mechanical and thermal properties, as well as recyclability and self-healing at high temperature due to the exchange reaction of imine bonds.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sheng Chen, Hanqing Peng, Meixue Hu, Gongwei Wang, Li Xiao, Juntao Lu, Lin Zhuang
Summary: The ultrathin alkaline polymer electrolyte (APE) membrane with a thickness of 10 μm made of cQAPPT has shown potential for high-performance alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells (APEFCs) due to its mechanical strength and high H-2/O-2 peak power density of 1.85 W/cm(2) at 80 degrees C.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Leonid Iliasov, Andrey Shibaev, Irina Panova, Petr Kushchev, Olga Philippova, Alexander Yaroslavov
Summary: Six cross-linked copolymers were synthesized with sodium acrylate, N-acrylamide, starch fragments, and a cross-linker, potentially suitable for use in agriculture as superabsorbents. The copolymers formed hydrogel particles when swelled in a pH 6.5 aqueous buffer solution. The cross-linking degree controlled the swelling pressure of hydrogels and water-retaining properties of solid substrates with embedded hydrogels, providing important insights for the synthesis and optimization of polymeric superabsorbents.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Piotr Kobedza, Aleksandra Smejda-Krzewicka, Krzysztof Strzelec
Summary: The purpose of this study was to cross-link chloroprene rubber (CR) with silver(I) oxide (Ag2O) and investigate the properties of the vulcanizates obtained. The results showed that CR can be successfully cross-linked with Ag2O, and the cross-link density increases with the increase of Ag2O content. The thermal analysis confirmed the cross-linking of CR with Ag2O and showed that the amount of Ag2O in the composition does not affect the processes occurring in the heated vulcanizate.
Article
Polymer Science
Masayuki Saito, Norifumi L. L. Yamada, Kohzo Ito, Hideaki Yokoyama
Summary: Understanding the mechanical properties and swelling behaviors of ultrathin polymer films is crucial in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. This study investigates the mechanical properties and swelling behaviors of ultrathin chemically cross-linked polybutadiene films. It was found that reducing the film thickness increased the Young's modulus and resulted in an unusual stress-relaxation behavior. Moreover, the in-plane swelling of films floating on water was significantly suppressed due to the effects of interface-induced orientations and trapped chain segments acting as pseudo-cross-linking points.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kristof Molnar, Carin A. Helfer, Gabor Kaszas, Eniko Krisch, Dongjie Chen, Gregory B. McKenna, Julia A. Kornfield, Judit E. Puskas
Summary: This study questions the efficiency of liquid chromatography at critical condition (LCCC) for polymer analysis, particularly in the separation and purity analysis of cyclic polymers from linear analogues. Experimental results showed that LCCC method is not capable of accurately measuring linear contaminants below 6 wt%.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sixue Cheng, Paroma Chakravarty, Karthik Nagapudi, Gregory B. McKenna
Summary: In this study, the isothermal crystallization of compound GDC-0276 was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and rheometric measurements. Rheological measurements showed better sensitivity in detecting nucleation and onset of crystallization compared to DSC. The temperature-dependent viscosity of GDC-0276 was used to modify the JMA model and construct the TTT diagram for the material, providing insights into crystallization kinetics.
MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Qi Li, Xiaoguang Peng, Dongjie Chen, Gregory B. McKenna
Summary: The study investigates the dynamics of a series of soft colloids with varying corona moduli, showing specific behaviors in concentration dependence. The use of a hard-soft mapping framework and extended theoretical models helps explain the properties and dynamics of soft colloids.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Dejie Kong, Sourya Banik, Michael J. San Francisco, Megan Lee, Rae M. Robertson Anderson, Charles M. Schroeder, Gregory B. McKenna
Summary: Bulk rheology measurements on concentrated monodisperse ring-linear DNA mixtures are reported for the first time. The behavior of these mixtures is compared with that of pure linear DNA, highlighting the dominant role of linear chains in the dynamics and entanglement scaling of the blends.
Article
Mechanics
Satish Chandra Hari Mangalara, Gregory B. McKenna
Summary: Characterizing the nonlinear behavior of viscoelastic materials is important for understanding their properties. LAOS tests and various analysis methods can provide insights into the nonlinear response of materials. By studying the LAOS experiments of PMMA, we uncover its nonlinear characteristics and observe differences in the behavior of its elastic and viscous components.
MECHANICS OF TIME-DEPENDENT MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Kristof Molnar, Hojin Kim, Dongjie Chen, Carin A. Helfer, Gabor Kaszas, Gregory B. McKenna, Julia A. Kornfield, Chunhua Yuan, Judit E. Puskas
Summary: The effect of reaction conditions on the structure of poly(3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol) (polyDODT) made by Reversible Radical Recombination Polymerization (R3P) was investigated. It was found that high purity cyclic polyDODT had lower viscosity and more compact structure compared to linear samples. However, unusual behavior was observed at higher molecular weights. Further experimentation is needed to elucidate the reasons for these findings.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shuang Jin, Gregory B. McKenna
Summary: Cangialosi et al.'s data challenges the general view of smooth dynamics of glass structure recovery, as observed by Kovacs. The reported irregular responses and two mechanism recovery at temperatures below Tg have sparked controversy. This study suggests that poor temperature control in a vacuum oven could explain the anomalous results, and reproduces the experimental results through simulation.
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Dejie Kong, Yan Meng, Gregory B. McKenna
Summary: While much is known about the chemistry of amber, there lacks quantitative estimates of molecular weight and amount of cross-linking. This study investigates the network structure of ancient ambers through measurements of rubbery modulus and provides semi-quantitative insights using rubber elasticity theory. The research offers mechanical evidence of chemically cross-linked structures in multiple types of ambers, with molecular weight between cross-links ranging from 1800 to 3000 g/mol and an estimated number of monomers between cross-link junctions between 6 and 10.
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Gregory B. McKenna, Dongjie Chen, Satish Chandra Hari Mangalara, Dejie Kong, Sourya Banik
Summary: The present article outlines three subjects in the field of polymer and soft matter physics. The first subject focuses on the concept of an ideal glass transition and presents research on ultra-stable glass. The second subject explores the relationship between polymer nonlinear viscoelasticity and dynamic heterogeneity. The last subject addresses the rheology of circular macromolecules, discussing both historical perspective and recent research findings.
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Engineering, Chemical
Shuang Jin, Gregory B. McKenna
Summary: This article responds to the comment made by Cangialosi, Alegria, and Colmenero on our experimental data and provides additional analysis that suggests a smooth structural recovery behavior of glassy materials within a certain range. It also points out the potential temperature control errors in isothermal aging procedures using a vacuum oven.
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yung P. Koh, Zachary T. Fondren, Aric A. Denton, Sindee L. Simon, Gregory B. McKenna
Summary: This study investigates the glass transition and crystallization behaviors of HNAB over a wide range of cooling rates. It quantifies the influence of thermal amorphization on the properties of HNAB and compares the behavior of HNAB prepared by different cooling methods. The study also reports the non-isothermal crystallization response as a function of cooling rate. Furthermore, it compares the thermal stability and decomposition energy of amorphous HNAB with the crystalline counterpart.
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Dongjie Chen, Kristof Molnar, Hojin Kim, Carin A. Helfer, Gabor Kaszas, Judit E. Puskas, Julia A. Kornfield, Gregory B. McKenna
Summary: The linear viscoelastic properties of poly(3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol) (polyDODT) in both melt and solution states were studied. The samples in solution can be used to validate the sample purity.
Article
Polymer Science
Kristof Molnar, Aswathy Sasidharan Pillai, Dongjie Chen, Gabor Kaszas, Gregory B. McKenna, Julia A. Kornfield, Judit E. Puskas
Summary: In this paper, the synthesis and analysis of cyclic polydisulfides, their redox depolymerization, and their interaction with carbon black were reported. Cyclic poly(3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol)s (pDODT) were synthesized using Reversible Radical Recombination Polymerization (R3P) with varying peroxide concentrations. The molecular weights of pDODTs increased exponentially with increasing peroxide concentrations. NMR analysis confirmed the presence of cyclic structures in pDODTs made with >10 wt % H2O2 and Mn <100,000 g/mol. Dithiothreitol reduced the polymers to monomers and oligomers, and carbon black showed chemical interaction with the polymers. Further analysis of these elastomers is underway.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Dejie Kong, Yan Meng, Gregory B. McKenna
Summary: Here we report the dynamic properties of a 50-million-year-old Fushun amber, which had a fictive temperature Tf approximately 193 K below its glass transition temperature Tg in the thermally rejuvenated state. The density of this ultra-stable amber was 14% higher than the post-rejuvenation value. The relaxation times in the deep glassy state were found to be extremely long, covering thousands of yotta seconds, challenging current theories on glasses and the glass transition.
JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
James R. Tata, Astrid K. Torres Arellano, Gregory B. McKenna
Summary: The glass transition temperature T-g reductions with decreasing film thickness are weaker for different molecular architectures, suggesting that changes in segmental dynamics upon confinement rather than chain effects play a more significant role in the dewetting process.
JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
(2021)