Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Susan Cheng, Ruyan Zhao, Dwight S. Seferos
Summary: The study of conjugated polymers has been an interdisciplinary field focusing on advancing synthesis with the goal of expanding monomer diversity and controlling polymerization. The Kumada catalyst-transfer polymerization (KCTP) has shown promise in achieving predictable molecular weights and specific structures, but challenges remain in broadening the scope of monomers beyond traditional ones like 3-alkylthiophenes.
ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yu Tokita, Tatsuya Uchida, Takeru Kamigawara, Kenta Hoka, Reo Nitto, Yoshihiro Ohta, Tsutomu Yokozawa
Summary: In this study, polymeric materials with functional groups at both ends were synthesized via successive Kumada catalyst-transfer polycondensation and Suzuki coupling reaction in one pot, expanding the synthetic methods for functionalized polymers.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yu Tokita, Tatsuya Uchida, Takeru Kamigawara, Kenta Hoka, Reo Nitto, Yoshihiro Ohta, Tsutomu Yokozawa
Summary: This study successfully introduced various functional groups at both ends of P3HT polymer through successive catalyst-transfer condensation polymerization and coupling reactions in one pot, and synthesized a polymer with a base-sensitive functional group.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Eleftherios G. Andriotis, Alexandros E. Koumbis, Dimitris S. Achilias
Summary: The incorporation of limonene in the polymer chains can reduce the average molecular weight, while acting as a radical scavenger to inhibit styrene thermal auto-polymerization at high temperatures. In the absence of styrene monomer, limonene can result in the functionalization of polystyrene. This functionalization can be extended to the synthesis of novel materials based on naturally occurring terpenes using NMP.
Article
Polymer Science
Ziyi Xie, Qingyun Wei, Tong Shan, Xiaoyang Zheng, Yi Zhang, Hongliang Zhong
Summary: Polythiophene derivatives, P3SHT and PTST, synthesized by KCTP show stronger absorption and downshifted energy levels compared to P3HT, due to the role of sulfur as a pi-acceptor. PTST exhibits the strongest crystallinity among the polymers and hierarchically pre-aggregates in solution, leading to a superior PCE in OSCs.
Article
Polymer Science
Ryohei Morimoto, Toyoko Suzuki, Hideto Minami
Summary: This study investigates the influence of initiator type on the morphology of PP/PS composite particles. It was found that cationic initiator VA-044 led to the formation of multilayer structures in the composite particles, while the nonionic initiator VA-086 resulted in void structures with a PP shell encapsulating the PS phase. Anionic initiator V-501 led to PS primarily attaching to the outer surfaces of PP particles. These differences were due to electrostatic interaction between the initiator and PP particles of negative zeta potential.
Article
Polymer Science
Mingheng Xiao, Li Zhang, Jianbo Tan
Summary: Thermally initiated RAFT dispersion polymerization is demonstrated as a successful technique to prepare monodisperse surface-functional polymeric microspheres, overcoming the limitations of photoinitiation and allowing for scale-up and functionalization.
Article
Physics, Applied
Jin Cheng, Shinji Kanehashi, Kenji Ogino
Summary: To improve the electron transporting property of poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene) (PFO) as a conventional polymer light-emitting diode material, well-defined triblock copolymers of PFO with different chain length polystyrene (PSt) were synthesized. Electron-only devices were fabricated and it was found that the triblock copolymer with a PSt chain length of 2000 exhibited the highest electron mobility. Further investigation on thermal, optical, electrochemical and morphological properties revealed the formation of a microphase separated structure in the block copolymers with longer PSt chain lengths, and the introduction of PSt raised the glass transition temperature and deepened the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level.
JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Kyoungho Kim, Jieun Lee, Hong Y. Cho, Eun Ho Lee, Seo-Hui Lee, Taihyun Chang, Heung Bae Jeon, Hyun-Jong Paik
Summary: Different types of polymer chains generated and separated during nitroxide-mediated polymerization of styrene were investigated for the first time, revealing distinct molecular weight distributions. Living and dead chains were distinguished based on the number of hydroxyl groups introduced onto different groups, showing narrow MWD for chains derived from one initiation path and broad MWD for other chains originating from a different initiation route.
MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Kei-ichiro Sato, Yudai Hemmi, Aoto Kato, Hiroyuki Matsui, Keita Fuchise, Tomoya Higashihara
Summary: In this study, multiblock copolymers consisting of PDMS, NDI, and bithiophene units were successfully synthesized, and different materials with varying PDMS compositions were obtained. The multiblock copolymer with 10% PDMS showed typical n-type semiconducting behavior.
Article
Physics, Applied
Satomi Hosokawa, Eri Tomita, Shinji Kanehashi, Kenji Ogino
Summary: We reported that supercritical annealing of P3HT and its block copolymers with PEO and PSt improved the crystal structure and hole mobility. P3HT-b-PEO showed the largest increase in mobility. The treatment with scCO(2) increased the crystallite size and crystallinity and improved the conjugation length in the treated films. The increase of mobility was specifically intensive for PEO due to its higher affinity for CO2.
JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Yujiro Hiraki, Masaya Terasaki, Kaoru Adachi
Summary: In this study, well controlled living anionic polymerization of vinyl monomers was achieved using the BnTMS/t-BuOK initiator system with appropriate additives, leading to the synthesis of a block copolymer.
JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Erigene Bakangura, David Fournier, Fanny Coumes, Patrice Woisel, Daniel Grande, Benjamin Le Droumaguet
Summary: Functional nanoporous polymeric materials were prepared from novel PS-b-PEO diblock copolymer precursors containing reversible boronate ester junction. The generation of oriented cylindrical nanopores was achieved by selective etching of PEO under mild acidic conditions.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yongchao Li, Fei Wang, Jiannan Ren, Yongsheng Hao, Lixin Song, Enhan Xing, Wei Wang, Fei Cong, Yuanxia Wang, Ying Shi
Summary: In this study, a core-shell PB-g-PS copolymer was synthesized and added to HIPS rubber particles to toughen PPE/PS blends. It was found that sub-micrometer-sized PB-g-PS core-shell particles and large-sized HIPS rubber particles had an excellent synergistic toughening effect, significantly improving the toughness of the blends. Moreover, the mechanical properties and deformation mechanism of the blends changed with the increase of PPE content.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Mingtao Zhou, Shengfei Wang, Aishun Ding, Guolin Lu, Xiaoyu Huang, Xue Jiang, Binbin Xu
Summary: This study presents the controlled synthesis of polyallene-based diblock copolymers with tunable structure and low polydispersities via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, highlighting the in situ formation of unique nanofibers based on PNIPAM-b-PPOA diblock copolymer through polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). The work opens a new avenue for synthesizing well-defined polyallene-based copolymers and nanoparticles for broad applications using living/controlled radical polymerization.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Qian Wang, Shayan Vazirieh Lenjani, Oleksandr Dolynchuk, Alberto D. Scaccabarozzi, Hartmut Komber, Yuejie Guo, Florian Guenther, Sibylle Gemming, Robert Magerle, Mario Caironi, Michael Sommer
Summary: This study investigates homocoupling defects in copolymers made from TzDPPTz and F4, finding that these defects cause bathochromically shifted absorption spectra, decreased photoluminescence, and lower LUMO energy levels. However, thin film morphology, nanostructure, and electron mobility were minimally impacted. Theoretical calculations suggest that the localization of the highest occupied molecular orbital on the hc defect does not affect electron transport, making PTzDPPTzF4 a robust electron-transporting copolymer.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yiyang Fei, Yubin Fu, Xueqin Bai, Lili Du, Zichao Li, Hartmut Komber, Kam-Hung Low, Shengqiang Zhou, David Lee Phillips, Xinliang Feng, Junzhi Liu
Summary: The study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of three novel nanographenes with well-defined defects, demonstrating their unique physicochemical properties. Experimental and theoretical investigations showed that these defective nanographenes exhibit an anti-aromatic character and high stability under ambient conditions.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Wenhui Niu, Yubin Fu, Hartmut Komber, Ji Ma, Xinliang Feng, Yiyong Mai, Junzhi Liu
Summary: In this study, three novel sulfur-doped nanographenes containing multiple subhelicenes were synthesized and characterized. The substructures in these nanographenes possess dihedral angles ranging from 15 to 34 degrees. The optical energy gaps of these sulfur-doped nanographenes were found to be 2.67, 2.45, and 2.30 eV, respectively, showing enlarged energy gaps compared to their pristine carbon analogues.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Qian Wang, Steffen Boeckmann, Florian Guenther, Martin Streiter, Mario Zerson, Alberto D. Scaccabarozzi, Wen Liang Tan, Hartmut Komber, Carsten Deibel, Robert Magerle, Sibylle Gemming, Christopher R. McNeill, Mario Caironi, Michael Ryan Hansen, Michael Sommer
Summary: The study investigates the influence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding on different conformation, molecular, structural, and opto-electronic characteristics of ThDPPTh and TzDPPTz. The copolymers PThDPPThF4 and PTzDPPTzF4 exhibit distinct backbone conformations and structural properties, leading to 20 times larger field-effect electron mobilities for PThDPPThF4. The differences in structural properties significantly affect the opto-electronic properties of the copolymers.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Kajari Mazumder, Hartmut Komber, Eva Bittrich, Brigitte Voit, Susanta Banerjee
Summary: A series of novel sulfur containing high refractive index polymers were synthesized and their physico-chemical properties were investigated. The polymers showed high transparency and refractive index, along with high thermal stability and excellent mechanical properties, making them promising candidates for opto-electronic devices.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sarah Tassinari, Silvia Moreno, Hartmut Komber, Riccardo Carloni, Michela Cangiotti, Maria Francesca Ottaviani, Dietmar Appelhans
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of glycodendrimers and oligopeptides in inhibiting the formation of immunocomplexes and breaking down preformed immunocomplexes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). The 3(rd) generation poly(propyleneimine) (PPI) dendrimer exhibits the most promising anti-SLE activity.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Christian Mielke, Justus Kuhnigk, Doris Pospiech, Hartmut Komber, Regine Boldt, Albena Lederer, Miroslawa El Fray, Tobias Standau, Holger Ruckdaeschel, Volker Altstaedt, Brigitte Voit
Summary: This study successfully synthesized PBT copolyesters with short-chain branched units, which achieved high expansion and homogeneous cell morphology by altering the crystallinity, glass transition temperatures, and rheological behavior of PBT. The new terpolyesters have properties comparable to PBT treated with chain extenders.
MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Carolin Bunk, Lucas Loser, Nora Fribiczer, Hartmut Komber, Lothar Jakisch, Reinhard Scholz, Brigitte Voit, Sebastian Seiffert, Kay Saalwachter, Michael Lang, Frank Bohme
Summary: A new method for synthesizing model amphiphilic polymer co-networks using heterocomplementary coupling reactions was investigated, showing nearly model-like gel structure with only a small amount of pending arms as the most significant network defects.
Article
Polymer Science
Kajari Mazumder, Hartmut Komber, Eva Bittrich, Kai Uhlig, Brigitte Voit, Susanta Banerjee
Summary: This study reports the synthesis of sulfur-containing polyimides with high refractive index and their potential applications in optoelectronics. The polyimides exhibited high thermodynamic stability and flexibility, with the ability to tune their optical properties. The increase in sulfur and aromatic contents in the polymer backbone resulted in higher refractive index values.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Fabian Mehner, Martin Geisler, Kerstin Arnhold, Hartmut Komber, Jens Gaitzsch
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between the branching density of polymerized MDO (PMDO) and its macroscopic properties such as viscosity and thermal behavior. The results show that both long-chain branching and short-chain branching exist in PMDO, and the branching density affects the viscosity and thermal properties of PMDO. Furthermore, the study suggests that branched PCL analogues with fine-tuned stability for biomedical applications can be synthesized based on these findings.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Marco Paolino, Paola Varvara, Mario Saletti, Annalisa Reale, Mariangela Gentile, Eugenio Paccagnini, Germano Giuliani, Hartmut Komber, Mariano Licciardi, Andrea Cappelli
Summary: A coating technology using low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) and ferulic acid (FA) was applied to coat low generation poly(propylene imine) dendrimers, and the resulting HA-FA-HEG-PPID dendrimeric materials showed excellent loading capability for the anticancer drug doxorubicin. The stable nanostructured loaded delivery systems were able to internalize into CD44-expressing cells and exhibit high cytotoxicity comparable to free doxorubicin.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Johannes U. Lenz, Doris Pospiech, Hartmut Komber, Andreas Korwitz, Oliver Kobsch, Maxime Paven, Rolf W. Albach, Martin Guenther, Bernhard Schartel
Summary: The impact of phosphorus-containing flame retardants on rigid polyisocyanurate foams was studied by varying the chemical structure of the flame retardants. Different compounds, including non-NCO-reactive and NCO-reactive dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepine 6-oxide (BPPO) and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), were compared in terms of foam properties, thermal decomposition, and fire behavior. The results showed that DOPO was more effective when the flame retardant acted as a filler or dangling end in the foam polymer network, while BPPO was superior when incorporated as a subunit in the network.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rukiya Matsidik, Hartmut Komber, Martin Brinkmann, Karl Sebastian Schellhammer, Frank Ortmann, Michael Sommer
Summary: Efficient organic electronic devices can be fabricated from discrete oligomers, which can be synthesized at gram scale. The properties of these oligomers, including optical, electronic, thermal, and structural properties, depend on their length. The results of this study provide a basis for investigating the length-structure-function relationships of oligomers.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Carolin Bunk, Hartmut Komber, Michael Lang, Nora Fribiczer, Martin Geisler, Petr Formanek, Lothar Jakisch, Sebastian Seiffert, Brigitte Voit, Frank Boehme
Summary: In this study, two well-defined amphiphilic tetra-arm star block copolymers were prepared by a hetero-complementary linking reaction. The behavior of the two copolymers was studied in water, and it was found that spherical micelles formed at elevated temperatures for the copolymer with longer PEG arms. However, the copolymer with shorter PEG arms formed cloudy suspensions in water.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Desiree Adamczak, Bianca Passarella, Hartmut Komber, David Becker-Koch, Oleksandr Dolynchuk, Simon B. Schmidt, Yana Vaynzof, Mario Caironi, Michael Sommer
Summary: Defect-free n-type copolymers P(NDI-IDT) were prepared using DAP method, and their optical, thermal, and electrical properties were investigated as a function of chain length. The thin film morphologies were found to vary with annealing temperature, resulting in different electron mobilities. The additional bulky side chains hindered main chain ordering and aggregate formation, limiting the electron mobility of the copolymers.
MATERIALS ADVANCES
(2021)
