Article
Polymer Science
Ryosuke Osumi, Tomohiro Yasui, Ruito Tanaka, Thanh-Tam Mai, Hideaki Takagi, Nobutaka Shimizu, Katsuhiko Tsunoda, Shinichi Sakurai, Kenji Urayama
Summary: This study investigates the hardening mechanism of elastomers under tensile deformation, finding that crack propagation velocity increases with stretch and leads to crystallization-driven hardening; the characteristics of crack tips also undergo significant changes during this process.
Article
Polymer Science
Hiba Haissoune, Jean -Marc Chenal, Laurent Chazeau, Gael Sebald, Isabelle Morfin, Laurent Lebrun, Florent Dalmas, Gildas Coativy
Summary: This study investigated the temperature variation of natural rubber during rapid loading and unloading, known as the elastocaloric effect, and its impact on strain-induced crystallization kinetics and stress relaxation. The results showed that heat transfer influenced the SIC kinetics and should be taken into account when interpreting experimental results.
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Nicolas Candau, Oguzhan Oguz, Carlos Eloy Federico, Gregory Stoclet, Jean-Francois Tahon, Maria Lluisa Maspoch
Summary: The study on strain induced crystallization (SIC) of peroxide vulcanized natural rubber (NR)/ground tire rubber (GTR) composites showed that incorporating GTR into the NR matrix enhances the reinforcement of the composites at room temperature by acting as reinforcing fillers with high carbon black content, and by nucleating SIC in the NR matrix to generate more oriented crystallites that behave as supplementary reinforcing fillers.
Article
Polymer Science
Yueqiong Wang, Hongchao Liu, Heping Yu, Pengfei Zhao, Qifang Wang, Lusheng Liao, Mingchao Luo, Tingting Zheng, Shuangquan Liao, Zheng Peng
Summary: This study examined the effects of naturally occurring network and entanglements on the stress-strain relation and strain-induced crystallization (SIC) in vulcanized natural rubber (NR). It was found that entanglements played a significant role in improving the mechanical properties of NR, and protecting the naturally occurring network and entanglements could lead to the fabrication of high-performance vulcanized NR.
Article
Polymer Science
Jan Plagge, Reinhard Hentschke
Summary: The study suggests that strain-induced crystallization in rubber is a cooperative phenomenon governed by the formation of crystal superstructures, with crystallization occurring faster than matrix relaxation and can be modeled as a local process. Microphase separation is observed during mechanical cycling, driven by more efficient strain regulation of parallel crystals, and introducing direct crystal-crystal interaction can reproduce critical experiments.
Article
Polymer Science
Weixiao Song, Zixuan Wang, Min Wang, Ganggang Zhang, Fanzhu Li, Xi Zhang, Yonglai Lu, Liqun Zhang
Summary: Vulcanization systems and epoxidation degree have significant effects on the microstructure and macro-properties of ENR. The influence of sulfur, dicumyl peroxide, and itaconic acid vulcanization systems on strain-induced crystallization, molecular chain orientation, and microstructure evolution of ENRs were studied. Results showed that ENR-10 with 10% epoxidation degree exhibited the best mechanical properties, and its tensile strength and elongation were significantly higher than ENR-10-DCP and ENR-10-IA.
Article
Polymer Science
Masaki Yamano, Yoshimasa Yamamoto, Takayuki Saito, Seiichi Kawahara
Summary: The vulcanized natural rubber prepared at 130 degrees Celsius exhibited superior mechanical properties due to high stereoregularity and rapid strain-induced crystallization after vulcanization.
Article
Polymer Science
Ying Lu, Dong Lyu, Cenhui Han, Yongfeng Men
Summary: Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) can form a transparent structure with aligned fibrillar/micro-fibrillar crystals embedded into an oriented amorphous network at elevated temperatures. Cavitation-induced stress-whitening occurs during further stretching, attributed to the breakage of load-bearing inter-fibrillar/micro-fibrillar tie chains. The critical stress for triggering cavitation is determined by the weight-average molecular weight (M w) rather than the number-average molecular weight or molecular weight distribution (MWD), indicating the importance of long chains in the fibrillar system.
Article
Polymer Science
Jean-Benoit Le Cam, Adel Tayeb, Sylvain Charles
Summary: This study provides the first evidence of strain-induced crystallization heterogeneities at the macroscopic scale in unfilled natural rubber during uniaxial cyclic tensile loadings, accompanied by strong memory effects. Crystallinity was evaluated using quantitative surface calorimetry based on infrared thermography, revealing heterogeneous occurrence of crystallization along the profile.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Narubeth Lorwanishpaisarn, Pongdhorn Sae-Oui, Chakrit Sirisinha, Chomsri Siriwong
Summary: This study synthesized epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) using a sonochemical method, with acoustic cavitation employed as a replacement for heat and agitation in the epoxidation reaction. The effects of reaction time and temperature on the epoxidation degree (EPD) were examined. The results showed that, at shorter reaction times, the EPD increased with increasing reaction time, while at longer reaction times, the EPD depended on both reaction time and temperature. The highest EPD was achieved using the sonochemical method at a reaction temperature of 30 degrees C for 60 minutes, equivalent to the EPD achieved using the conventional method at a higher temperature and longer reaction time.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Soichiro Hiraiwa, Thanh-Tam Mai, Katsuhiko Tsunoda, Kenji Urayama
Summary: This study reveals the strain hardening due to strain-induced crystallization (SIC) in both cross-linked natural rubber (NR) and its synthetic analogue (IR) under planar extension. The research shows that evident strain hardening due to SIC is observed in both stretching and constrained directions when the stretch exceeds a critical value. The study also finds a distinct minimum in the nominal stress ratio as a function of stretch, indicating a reversed relationship between the increment of stress in the stretching and constrained directions. Furthermore, the investigation provides valuable insights for predicting the mechanical response of SIC rubber under different deformation conditions.
Article
Polymer Science
Bin Yuan, Fanlin Zeng, Jianzheng Cui, Youshan Wang
Summary: This study presents a parametric modeling method based on molecular simulation, which allows for direct computation of the structural parameters in molecular models without the need for fitting stress-strain data. The authors apply this method to study the constitutive relations of filled rubber and calculate amplification factors related to stress and strain distributions.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Qionghai Chen, Zhiyu Zhang, Yongdi Huang, Hengheng Zhao, Zhudan Chen, Ke Gao, Tongkui Yue, Liqun Zhang, Jun Liu
Summary: This study investigates the effects of structural factors on the strain-induced crystallization (SIC) and mechanical properties of NR using molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that the formation of local clusters in NR, as well as the mobility of polymer chains, are influenced by phospholipid and protein mass fraction, strength of hydrogen-bond interaction, and strength of non-hydrogen-bond interaction. Additionally, the stress-strain behavior of NR is greatly manipulated by the strength of hydrogen-bond interaction and the mass fraction of phospholipid and protein, leading to increased chain orientation and SIC compared to other elastomeric materials.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lu Wang, Junxing Yang, Jianqiang Bi, Kangning Sun, Aimin Li, Junjie Mao
Summary: The effect of cosubstitution of larger and smaller divalent cations on the thermally induced crystallization of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) was evaluated. The combinations of larger (Sr2+ and Ba2+) and smaller (Mg2+, Cu2+, and Co2+) divalent cations were designed and their effects on the thermodynamic equilibrium between alpha/beta- tricalcium phosphate (TCP) were outlined. The presence of larger and smaller divalent cations inhibited the formation of alpha-TCP and shifted the thermodynamic equilibrium towards beta-TCP, indicating that the smaller cations dominated the crystalline phase. However, the crystallization retardation induced by the larger cations still allowed ACP to maintain its amorphous nature partly or completely until a higher temperature.
Article
Polymer Science
Yihao Xing, Yi Yang, Weixiao Song, Zixuan Wang, Xiaolin Li, Xiaohui Wu, Liqun Zhang
Summary: This study uses protease treatment to control the content of non-rubber components in natural rubber. The mechanical properties, dynamic properties, and crystallization kinetics of the treated rubber were compared. The results show that protease treatment shortens the solidification time, retains higher phospholipid content, improves mechanical and dynamic properties, and enhances strain-induced crystallization and crystallinity.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. Bornert, P. Doumalin, J. -C. Dupre, C. Poilane, L. Robert, E. Toussaint, B. Wattrisse
EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS
(2018)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
P. L. Reu, E. Toussaint, E. Jones, H. A. Bruck, M. Iadicola, R. Balcaen, D. Z. Turner, T. Siebert, P. Lava, M. Simonsen
EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS
(2018)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. C. Teguedy, B. Blaysat, E. Toussaint, S. Moreira, S. Liandrat, M. GreDiac
EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS
(2018)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sarah Asfour, Frederic Bernardin, Evelyne Toussaint
ROAD MATERIALS AND PAVEMENT DESIGN
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Civil
H. Wadi, S. Amziane, E. Toussaint, M. Taazount
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2019)
Article
Mechanics
Bernard Odounga, Moutou Pitti Rostand, Evelyne Toussaint, Michel Grediac
ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS
(2019)
Article
Forestry
Benjamin Niez, Jana Dlouha, Joseph Gril, Julien Ruelle, Evelyne Toussaint, Bruno Moulia, Eric Badel
ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Edouard Cavene, Sebastien Durif, Abdelhamid Bouchair, Evelyne Toussaint
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Adel Tayeb, Jean Benoit Le Cam, Michel Grediac, Evelyne Toussaint, Eric Robin, Xavier Balandraud, Frederic Canevet
Summary: This work focuses on identifying hyperelastic constitutive parameters using the virtual fields method. The study compares the sensitivity-based virtual fields approach with the randomly generated virtual displacement fields approach, showing a significant improvement in predicting external forces.
Review
Engineering, Civil
Khaled Seifeddine, Sofiane Amziane, Evelyne Toussaint
Summary: This study focuses on the composition and method of formulating pervious concrete, factors influencing porosity, and the relation between compressive strength, other parameters, and tensile strength. It also establishes equations for predicting tensile strength and correlating flexural and compressive strength, finding that traditional concrete equations may not accurately predict the properties of pervious concrete.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
P. L. Reu, B. Blaysat, E. Ando, K. Bhattacharya, C. Couture, V. Couty, D. Deb, S. S. Fayad, M. A. Iadicola, S. Jaminion, M. Klein, A. K. Landauer, P. Lava, M. Liu, L. K. Luan, S. N. Olufsen, J. Rethore, E. Roubin, D. T. Seidl, T. Siebert, O. Stamati, E. Toussaint, D. Turner, C. S. R. Vemulapati, T. Weikert, J. F. Witz, O. Witzel, J. Yang
Summary: This paper introduces the background and objectives of DIC Challenge 2.0, discusses the methods and results for evaluating the spatial resolution of 2D-DIC codes. The study finds that the displacement measurement performance of the 2D codes generally meets the expected theoretical performance, but there are significant variations in the calculation of strain spatial resolution. The paper provides a useful framework for understanding and analyzing the performance of DIC software and highlights some unique errors associated with image analysis. Future research can use the provided images for unambiguous comparisons.
EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Khaled Seifeddine, Sofiane Amziane, Evelyne Toussaint
Summary: As urbanization progresses, concerns about urban heat islands are growing. Pervious concrete pavements can help mitigate urban temperatures, but may perform poorly in dry conditions. Studying the influence of thermophysical parameters on the surface temperature of pervious concrete is necessary for optimizing its mix design.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Khaled Seifeddine, Sofiane Amziane, Evelyne Toussaint
Summary: Traditional impervious pavements contribute to urban heat islands, while permeable pavements are becoming more popular due to their evaporative cooling effect. This study investigates the factors influencing evaporative cooling of different permeable pavement materials and finds that increasing permeability, open porosity and absorption coefficient improves the evaporative cooling effect. Additionally, the presence of water near the surface and capillary rise phenomenon positively affect evaporative cooling.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Mechanical
B. Odounga, R. Moutou Pitti, E. Toussaint, M. Grediac
FRACTURE, FATIGUE, FAILURE AND DAMAGE EVOLUTION, VOL 7
(2018)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
D. Dang, R. Moutou Pitti, E. Toussaint, M. Grediac
WOOD MATERIAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
(2018)