Review
Urology & Nephrology
Bhavan P. Rai, Jose Luis Dominguez Escrig, Luis Vale, Teele Kuusk, Otakar Capoun, Viktor Soukup, Harman M. Bruins, Yuhong Yuan, Philippe D. Violette, Nancy Santesso, Bas W. G. van Rhijn, A. Hugh Mostafid, Muhammad Imran Omar
Summary: The current impact of haematuria investigations on health care organisations is significant. There is currently no consensus on how to investigate patients with haematuria. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of bladder cancer, upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) among patients undergoing investigation for haematuria and identify any risk factors for bladder cancer, UTUC, and RCC (BUR). The study found that the incidence of bladder cancer was higher in patients with visible haematuria compared to nonvisible haematuria, while the incidence of UTUC and RCC was lower. Male gender and smoking history were identified as potential risk factors for BUR.
Article
Oncology
Alok A. Khorana, Jennell Palaia, Lisa Rosenblatt, Radhika Pisupati, Ning Huang, Chi Nguyen, John Barron, Kerrin Gallagher, T. Christopher Bond
Summary: This study assessed the incidence and risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). The study found that ICI-based regimens were associated with lower risk of VTE compared to chemotherapy (chemo), while the risk of VTE with ICI+chemo regimens was similar to chemo. Previous radiation and severe obesity were also associated with VTE.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Fabrizio Tabbo, Marco de Filippis, Francesca Jacobs, Silvia Novello
Summary: The treatment landscape of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has significantly improved in the past decade with the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting oncogenic drivers such as anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocations. Among these TKIs, brigatinib, a second-generation (2G) inhibitor, has shown notable activity in ALK+ NSCLC patients, including those with central nervous system (CNS) disease, and has a good safety profile. However, the abundance of therapeutic options for these patients poses challenges in determining the best approach and administration sequence. In this review, we summarized the efficacy, pharmacological and safety profile of brigatinib, as well as its potential applications in other contexts.
Review
Oncology
Jennifer W. Carlisle, Ticiana Leal
Summary: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a rapidly progressive neuroendocrine carcinoma that has limited effective treatments. Advances in DNA sequencing and whole transcriptomics have identified key subtypes, leading to the development of chemoimmunotherapy as the standard of care for advanced disease. Ongoing research is focused on incorporating immunotherapy into limited stage settings and exploring combination strategies with radiation.
Article
Oncology
Chang Gok Woo, Seung-Myoung Son, Ho-Chang Lee, Hye Sook Han, Ki Hyeong Lee, Dohun Kim, Eung-Gook Kim, Ok-Jun Lee
Summary: This study found that the histological characteristics of lung cancer can change after different types of treatment, either transforming into a single subtype or a combination of subtypes. These changes appear to be unpredictable, highlighting the importance of repeated biopsies for refining treatment strategies.
CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Pan Juncheng, Adrien Joseph, Antoine Lafarge, Isabelle Martins, Florine Obrist, Jonathan Pol, Ester Saavedra, Sijing Li, Allan Sauvat, Giulia Cerrato, Sarah Levesque, Marion Leduc, Oliver Kepp, Sylvere Durand, Fanny Aprahamian, Nitharsshini Nirmalathansan, Judith Michels, Guido Kroemer, Maria Castedo
Summary: This study found that high activity of PARP1 in non-small cell lung cancer cells affects the tumor microenvironment, leading to compromised immunosurveillance and reduced infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Brian S. Henick, Franz Villarroel-Espindola, Ila Datar, Miguel F. Sanmamed, Jovian Yu, Shruti Desai, Alice Li, Adam Aguirre-Ducler, Konstantinos Syrigos, David L. Rimm, Lieping Chen, Roy S. Herbst, Kurt A. Schalper
Summary: QIF was used to measure the distribution and clinical significance of major myeloid cell subsets in human NSCLC. M1-like macrophages were lower and MDSC-like cells were higher in tumor tissues. Stromal CD11b was higher in SCC than in ADC.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Luiz Henrique Araujo, Bianca Mendes Souza, Laura Rabelo Leite, Sabrina A. F. Parma, Natalia P. Lopes, Frederico S. V. Malta, Maira C. M. Freire
Summary: KRAS G12C mutation frequency is higher than other driver mutations in colorectal and non-small cell lung cancer, suggesting KRAS testing should be considered for all patients regardless of clinical or demographic characteristics.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samera H. Hamad, Stephanie A. Montgomery, Jeremy M. Simon, Brittany M. Bowman, Kyle B. Spainhower, Ryan M. Murphy, Erik S. Knudsen, Suzanne E. Fenton, Scott H. Randell, Jeremiah R. Holt, D. Neil Hayes, Agnieszka K. Witkiewicz, Trudy G. Oliver, M. Ben Major, Bernard E. Weissman
Summary: This study demonstrates the prevalence of Nrf2 (E79Q/+) mutation in human tumors, and suggests a role for NRF2 activation in the development of small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
Article
Oncology
Lin Shi, Jinying Lu, Da Zhong, Meijuan Song, Jian Liu, Wenhua You, Wen-Hui Li, Lin Lin, Dongyan Shi, Yun Chen
Summary: Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients exhibit an exhausted tumor-promoting phenotype and the subset of circulating MAIT cells can predict the response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Akshay J. Patel, Naeem Khan, Alex Richter, Babu Naidu, Mark T. Drayson, Gary W. Middleton
Summary: B cells play a key role in lung cancer pathogenesis and response to immunotherapy. The B cell repertoire differs between tumor and circulation, with a diverse range of plasma cell and memory cell phenotypes in lung cancer. The influence of smoking and tumor type on the B cell repertoire is limited.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Jin-Dong Li, Cheng-Yan Jin, Yan Zhang, Hang Guo, Guang-Lei Zhang, Chun-Guang Wang
Summary: This case report describes a patient with lung cancer who experienced histopathological transformation from squamous-cell carcinoma to large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with a small fraction of small cell carcinoma.
JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jin Chen, Zhongqiu Wu, Wenyi Deng, Minying Tang, Lvying Wu, Na Lin, Liuyan Chen, Yunfeng Fu, Min Zhao, Changguo Chen, Wenting Li
Summary: USP51 regulates TWIST1 protein through deubiquitination, influencing stemness and growth of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Joel Rivera-Concepcion, Dipesh Uprety, Alex A. Adjei
Summary: Precision oncology has revolutionized cancer diagnosis and treatment. The management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has witnessed significant changes with the identification of oncogene drivers and the development of targeted drugs. However, targeted therapies also present unique challenges such as drug toxicities, resistance, access, and costs.
CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hsin- Liu, Chun-Ju Chiang, Shih-Yung Su, Jing-Rong Jhuang, Dai-Rong Tsai, Ya-Wen Yang, Li-Ju Lin, Yu-Chen Wang, Wen-Chung Lee
Summary: Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in Taiwan, with increasing incidence rates for both sexes. A study examined the time trends of lung cancer incidence rates by histological type using age-period-cohort analysis. Lung adenocarcinoma incidence rates increased, while lung squamous cell carcinoma incidence rates decreased, particularly in women. The distribution of hotspots for lung adenocarcinoma incidence rates was observed in certain areas of Taiwan, while high incidence rates of lung squamous cell carcinoma were found in specific regions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Gabriel Osborn, Chara Stavraka, Rebecca Adams, Ahmad Sayasneh, Sharmistha Ghosh, Ana Montes, Katie E. Lacy, Rebecca Kristeleit, James Spicer, Debra H. Josephs, James N. Arnold, Sophia N. Karagiannis
Summary: This review discusses the role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment (TME) and the emerging strategies that target the contributions of these cells in tumor progression through the rational design of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Panagiotis Karagiannis, Isabel Correa, Jitesh Chauhan, Anthony Cheung, Diana Dominguez-Rodriguez, Manuela Terranova-Barberio, Robert J. Harris, Silvia Crescioli, James Spicer, Carsten Bokemeyer, Katie E. Lacy, Sophia N. Karagiannis
Summary: The study found that innate signals can stimulate the survival and antibody production of B cells, which may help identify low-frequency antigen-reactive humoral responses.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Beth Russell, Charlotte Moss, Eirini Tsotra, Charalampos Gousis, Debra Josephs, Deborah Enting, Christina Karampera, Muhammad Khan, Jose Roca, Ailsa Sita-Lumsden, Kasia Owczarczyk, Harriet Wylie, Anna Haire, Daniel Smith, Kamarul Zaki, Angela Swampillai, Mary Lei, Vishal Manik, Vasiliki Michalarea, Rebecca Kristeleit, Anca Mera, Elinor Sawyer, Lucy Flanders, Irene De Francesco, Sophie Papa, Paul Ross, James Spicer, Bill Dann, Vikash Jogia, Nisha Shaunak, Hartmut Kristeleit, Anne Rigg, Ana Montes, Mieke Van Hemelrijck, Saoirse Dolly
Summary: This study found that cancer treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic did not significantly increase mortality rates. The infection and death rates were low, but there was a reduction in treatment for later lines of palliative care. These findings can provide reassurance for the continuation of cancer treatment during the pandemic.
Review
Cell Biology
Jitesh Chauhan, Chara Stavraka, Melanie Grandits, Lais C. G. F. Palhares, Debra H. Josephs, Katie E. Lacy, James Spicer, Heather J. Bax, Sophia N. Karagiannis
Summary: Basophils, despite their small proportion in circulating blood leukocytes, play significant roles as potent immune effector cells. They express high-affinity receptors for IgE and store powerful inflammatory mediators ready to be secreted. They are implicated in allergic diseases, hypersensitivity reactions, chronic inflammation, and responses to infections. Despite their activation by Th2-biased signals, which are also observed in certain tumors, basophils have been neglected in cancer research. This article discusses the presence and functional significance of basophils in cancer patients and the tumor microenvironment, exploring gene expression analyses and the potential use of basophil activation test (BAT) to predict hypersensitivity to cancer treatments and monitor patient desensitization.
Article
Oncology
Heather J. Bax, Jitesh Chauhan, Chara Stavraka, Aida Santaolalla, Gabriel Osborn, Atousa Khiabany, Melanie Grandits, Jacobo Lopez-Abente, Lais C. G. F. Palhares, Charleen Chan Wah Hak, Alexandra Robinson, Amy Pope, Natalie Woodman, Cristina Naceur-Lombardelli, Sadek Malas, Jack E. M. Coumbe, Mano Nakamura, Roman Laddach, Silvia Mele, Silvia Crescioli, Anna M. Black, Sara Lombardi, Silvana Canevari, Mariangela Figini, Ahmad Sayasneh, Sophia Tsoka, Kevin FitzGerald, Cheryl Gillett, Sarah Pinder, Mieke Van Hemelrijck, Rebecca Kristeleit, Sharmistha Ghosh, Ana Montes, James Spicer, Sophia N. Karagiannis, Debra H. Josephs
Summary: This study investigated the potential use of sFR alpha as a biomarker for ovarian cancer. The results showed that sFR alpha levels were significantly higher in patients compared to healthy volunteers and decreased alongside tumor burden during treatment. Additionally, high concentrations of sFR alpha reduced the effectiveness of anti-FR alpha antibodies, but this effect could be overcome by increasing antibody doses.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Ammara Masood, Amanda Mootoo, Panayiotis Maghsoudlou, David D'Cruz, Krishnie Srikandarajah, Mark Harries, Nicholas Hart, Sophie Papa, James Spicer
AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Cienne Morton, Richard Sullivan, Debashis Sarker, John Posner, James Spicer
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a significant threat to cancer patients, impacting their standard care and disrupting clinical trials. However, it has also provided an opportunity for positive reforms in clinical cancer research, as the lessons learned from streamlining processes during the pandemic can be applied to improve the traditionally complex approval, trial design, procedures, and data collection in cancer research.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Silvia Crescioli, Isabel Correa, Joseph Ng, Zena N. Willsmore, Roman Laddach, Alicia Chenoweth, Jitesh Chauhan, Ashley Di Meo, Alexander Stewart, Eleni Kalliolia, Elena Alberts, Rebecca Adams, Robert J. Harris, Silvia Mele, Giulia Pellizzari, Anna B. M. Black, Heather J. Bax, Anthony Cheung, Mano Nakamura, Ricarda M. Hoffmann, Manuela Terranova-Barberio, Niwa Ali, Ihor Batruch, Antoninus Soosaipillai, Ioannis Prassas, Antigona Ulndreaj, Miyo K. Chatanaka, Rosamund Nuamah, Shichina Kannambath, Pawan Dhami, Jenny L. C. Geh, Alastair D. MacKenzie Ross, Ciaran Healy, Anita Grigoriadis, David Kipling, Panagiotis Karagiannis, Deborah K. Dunn-Walters, Eleftherios P. Diamandis, Sophia Tsoka, James Spicer, Katie E. Lacy, Franca Fraternali, Sophia N. Karagiannis
Summary: B cells play an important role in the anti-tumor immune response in immunogenic tumors such as melanoma. Tumor-associated B cells undergo clonal expansion, class switch recombination, somatic hypermutation, and receptor revision. Tumor-associated B cells produce antibodies with higher levels of unproductive sequences and distinct complementarity determining region 3 properties. These findings suggest the presence of an active and aberrant autoimmune-like reaction in the tumor microenvironment.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jitesh Chauhan, Melanie Grandits, Lais C. G. F. Palhares, Silvia Mele, Mano Nakamura, Jacobo Lopez-Abente, Silvia Crescioli, Roman Laddach, Pablo Romero-Clavijo, Anthony Cheung, Chara Stavraka, Alicia M. M. Chenoweth, Heng Sheng Sow, Giulia Chiaruttini, Amy E. E. Gilbert, Tihomir Dodev, Alexander Koers, Giulia Pellizzari, Kristina M. M. Ilieva, Francis Man, Niwa Ali, Carl Hobbs, Sara Lombardi, Daniel A. Lionarons, Hannah J. J. Gould, Andrew J. J. Beavil, Jenny L. C. Geh, Alastair D. MacKenzie D. Ross, Ciaran Healy, Eduardo Calonje, Julian Downward, Frank O. O. Nestle, Sophia Tsoka, Debra H. H. Josephs, Philip J. J. Blower, Panagiotis Karagiannis, Katie E. E. Lacy, James Spicer, Sophia N. N. Karagiannis, Heather J. J. Bax
Summary: Despite checkpoint inhibitor therapies, outcomes for 50% of melanoma patients remain poor. Melanoma-associated antigen CSPG4 is expressed in approximately 70% of cases, making it a potential target for effective immunotherapies. Using monoclonal IgE antibodies engineered with human constant domains to recognize CSPG4, we found that IgE binds to human melanomas, induces antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and stimulates pro-inflammatory responses in Fc-receptor-expressing monocytes. IgE demonstrates anti-tumor activity in melanoma xenograft models, enhancing macrophage infiltration and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment. Our findings suggest that IgE-based immunotherapy holds promise for melanoma treatment.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Sophie Papa, Antonella Adami, Michael Metoudi, Richard Beatson, Molly Sarah George, Daniela Achkova, Evangelia Williams, Sefina Arif, Fiona Reid, Maria Elstad, Nicholas Beckley-Hoelscher, Abdel Douri, Marc Delord, Mike Lyne, Dharshene Shivapatham, Christopher Fisher, Andrew Hope, Sakina Gooljar, Arindam Mitra, Linda Gomm, Cienne Morton, Rhonda Henley-Smith, Selvam Thavaraj, Alice Santambrogio, Cynthia Andoniadou, Sarah Allen, Victoria Gibson, Gary J. R. Cook, Ana C. Parente-Pereira, David M. Davies, Farzin Farzaneh, Anna Schurich, Teresa Guerrero-Urbano, Jean-Pierre Jeannon, James Spicer, John Maher
Summary: This study developed an autologous CD28-based chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy named T4 immunotherapy for locally advanced/recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Patient-derived T-cells were engineered to express a panErbB-specific CAR and an IL-4-responsive chimeric cytokine receptor. Intratumoral delivery was used to mitigate off-tumor toxicity. The study demonstrated the safe and effective intratumoral administration of T4 immunotherapy in advanced HNSCC.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Hiba A. Wanis, Henrik Moller, Keyoumars Ashkan, Elizabeth A. Davies
Summary: This study found ethnic differences in survival rates of patients with malignant primary brain tumors in England. Patients with an Indian background, Any Other White, Other Ethnic Group, and Unknown/Not Stated Ethnicity had better one-year survival rates than the White British Group, after adjusting for known prognostic factors. Understanding these ethnic variations could help identify potential risk or protective factors and improve patient outcomes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
James Spicer, Bristi Basu, Ana Montes, Udai Banerji, Rebecca Kristeleit, Rowan Miller, Gareth J. J. Veal, Christopher J. J. Corrigan, Stephen J. J. Till, Mariangela Figini, Silvana Canevari, Claire Barton, Paul Jones, Sarah Mellor, Simon Carroll, Chris Selkirk, George Nintos, Vineet Kwatra, Ionut-Gabriel Funingana, Gary Doherty, Hannah J. J. Gould, Giulia Pellizzari, Mano Nakamura, Kristina M. M. Ilieva, Atousa Khiabany, Chara Stavraka, Jitesh Chauhan, Cheryl Gillett, Sarah Pinder, Heather J. J. Bax, Debra H. H. Josephs, Sophia N. N. Karagiannis
Summary: The study reports the results of a phase I dose escalation trial of MOv18 IgE, a chimeric first-in-class IgE antibody, in patients with tumours expressing folate receptor-alpha. The most common toxicity observed was transient urticaria and evidence of anti-tumour activity was observed in a patient with ovarian cancer.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Ehsan Ghorani, Matteo Quartagno, Fiona Blackhall, Duncan C. Gilbert, Mary O'Brien, Christian Ottensmeier, Elena Pizzo, James Spicer, Alex Williams, Philip Badman, Mahesh K. B. Parmar, Michael J. Seckl
Summary: Some immunotherapy dosing regimens for advanced cancer patients may result in overtreatment, and new approaches are needed to reduce unnecessary treatment. REFINE-Lung is a UK multicentre phase 3 study that uses a novel design to determine the optimal dose frequency of pembrolizumab.
Article
Oncology
Hedy L. Kindler, Silvia Novello, Alessandra Bearz, Giovanni L. Ceresoli, Joachim G. J. Aerts, James Spicer, Paul Taylor, Kristiaan Nackaerts, Alastair Greystoke, Ross Jennens, Luana Calabro, Jacobus A. Burgers, Armando Santoro, Susana Cedres, Piotr Serwatowski, Santiago Ponce, Jan P. Van Meerbeeck, Anna K. Nowak, George Biumenschein, Jonathan M. Siegel, Linda Kasten, Karl Koechert, Annette O. Walter, Barrett H. Childs, Cem Elbi, Raffit Hassan, Dean A. Fennell
Summary: In second-line treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, the antibody-drug conjugate anetumab ravtansine showed similar safety and no superiority compared to vinorelbine.
Article
Oncology
Giuseppe Luigi Banna, Alfredo Addeo, Panagiota Zygoura, Zoi Tsourti, Sanjay Popat, Alessandra Curioni-Fontecedro, Ernest Nadal, Riyaz Shah, Anthony Pope, Patricia Fisher, James Spicer, Amy Roy, David Gilligan, Oliver Gautschi, Wolf-Dieter Janthur, Rafael Lopez-Castro, Heidi Roschitzki-Voser, Urania Dafni, Solange Peters, Rolf A. Stahel
Summary: This study aimed to identify clinical and laboratory parameters associated with treatment response in patients with relapsed MPM. The results showed that high SII and low hemoglobin levels were associated with worse progression-free survival. A mesothelioma risk score based on these two factors was constructed to stratify patients' prognosis.
