Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Tien Le, Ronny Priefer
Summary: Despite new approaches in cancer treatment and diagnosis, overall mortality remains a major concern. New technologies, such as SPME/GC-MS, SIFT-MS, PRT-MS, IMS, and Colorimetric Sensors, have been introduced to analyze breath VOCs for possible cancer diagnoses. This article highlights the importance of these new technologies in detecting and quantifying VOCs.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Elina Gashimova, Azamat Temerdashev, Vladimir Porkhanov, Igor Polyakov, Dmitry Perunov, Ekaterina Dmitrieva
Summary: Development of simple, fast, and non-invasive tests for lung cancer diagnostics is crucial in clinical practice. This paper explores the use of exhaled breath and skin as potential objects for diagnosing lung cancer, and develops diagnostic models using machine learning algorithms. The results show that artificial neural networks perform well in classifying lung cancer patients and healthy individuals. Additionally, the study identifies significant differences in parameters in exhaled breath samples of lung cancer patients and evaluates the potential of skin analysis for lung cancer diagnosis.
Article
Cell Biology
Wadah Ibrahim, Michael J. Wilde, Rebecca L. Cordell, Matthew Richardson, Dahlia Salman, Robert C. Free, Bo Zhao, Amisha Singapuri, Beverley Hargadon, Erol A. Gaillard, Toru Suzuki, Leong L. Ng, Tim Coats, Paul Thomas, Paul S. Monks, Christopher E. Brightling, Neil J. Greening, Salman Siddiqui, EMBER Consortium
Summary: Acute cardiorespiratory breathlessness is a significant cause of emergency hospitalizations. This study identified breath volatile organic compound biomarkers that can diagnose acute cardiorespiratory disease and investigated the metabolic enrichment patterns in acute disease. The findings demonstrate that the multibiomarker score can effectively differentiate acute disease from health and different subtypes of acute cardiorespiratory exacerbation. Furthermore, the study revealed specific enrichment patterns in different subgroups of acute disease.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Elina Gashimova, Anna Osipova, Azamat Temerdashev, Vladimir Porkhanov, Igor Polyakov, Dmitry Perunov, Ekaterina Dmitrieva
Summary: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and electronic nose were used to analyze the exhaled breath of 40 lung cancer patients and 40 healthy individuals. While GC-MS could identify significant differences between groups, the electronic nose was unable to distinguish the samples. Diagnostic models showed varying sensitivity and specificity in training and test data.
ANALYTICAL METHODS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Waqar M. Ahmed, Dominic Fenn, Iain R. White, Breanna Dixon, Tamara M. E. Nijsen, Hugo H. Knobel, Paul Brinkman, Pouline M. P. Van Oort, Marcus J. Schultz, Paul Dark, Royston Goodacre, Timothy Felton, Lieuwe D. J. Bos, Stephen J. Fowler
Summary: Microbial volatiles were detected in the exhaled breath of mechanically ventilated patients with bacterial lung infection. Concentration of isovaleric acid and isovaleraldehyde were higher in patients with Staphylococcus aureus. Indole was higher in patients with bacteria known to metabolize tryptophan.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Y. Lan Pham, Jonathan Beauchamp
Summary: The detection of chemical compounds in exhaled breath presents an opportunity to determine physiological state, diagnose disease or assess environmental exposure. Despite some challenges, exhaled breath is desirable for metabolomics applications due to its non-invasiveness, convenience, and practical availability. Tests targeting endogenous or exogenous gas-phase compounds in breath are currently established for practical and clinical use.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Ikuo Ueta, Syuhei Kamei, Yoshihiro Saito
Summary: A rapid and quantitative analytical method for volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons and benzene in soil samples was developed using a novel extraction device, yielding promising results in GC analysis.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Fan Yang, Dan Lin, Lei Pan, Jiawei Zhu, Jianjun Shen, Liang Yang, Changlong Jiang
Summary: A portable smartphone platform based on a chemically synthesized ratiometric fluorescent probe was designed for real-time, sensitive, and quantitative detection of IPA in exhaled breath. The fluorescent probe, fabricated by modifying NAD(+) onto RCDs, emits blue light upon electron transfer from IPA to NAD(+). Combined with a smartphone color recognizer APP, the method provides a convenient pathway for visual detection of IPA with high sensitivity and accuracy.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Roberts Skapars, Evita Gasenko, Yoav Y. Broza, Armands Sivins, Inese Polaka, Inga Bogdanova, Andrejs Pcolkins, Viktors Veliks, Valdis Folkmanis, Anna Lescinska, Inta Liepniece-Karele, Hossam Haick, Ingrida Rumba-Rozenfelde, Marcis Leja
Summary: Currently, there is no perfect non-invasive test for monitoring patients for potential relapse after curative treatment. Breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been proven to be an accurate diagnostic tool for gastric cancer detection, and this study aimed to evaluate their use in surveillance after curative surgery. The study found that certain VOCs decreased significantly at specific time points after surgery, and nanomaterial-based sensors also detected changes in VOC content months after surgery. These findings suggest the potential value of breath VOC testing for surveillance of cancer patients.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
L. Moukhamedieva, M. Dolch, D. Ozerov, V. Fetter, J. Lenic, A. Kornienko, J. Grosser, D. Tsarkov, P. Roth, R. Nitzer
Summary: In this study, the breath of 25 healthy volunteers was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify biomarkers of oxidative stress. The research identified four VOCs as potential biomarkers for oxidative stress.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Zhenzhen Xie, James D. Morris, Stephanie J. Mattingly, Saurin R. Sutaria, Jiapeng Huang, Michael H. Nantz, Xiao-An Fu
Summary: Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath has great potential for disease detection, but the analysis of metabolic VOCs is still challenging. This study presents a method combining ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry for analyzing carbonyl metabolites in breath. A silicon microreactor was used to capture carbonyl compounds in exhaled breath, and six subgroups of carbonyl compounds were identified. This method may provide a quantitative approach for identifying disease markers in exhaled breath.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Nils Kunze-Szikszay, Maximilian Euler, Thorsten Perl
Summary: Traditional microbiological methods for diagnosing bacterial infections have led to long turnaround times, but detecting VOCs emitted by bacteria presents a potential innovative approach for rapid diagnosis. Spectrometric methods allow for the detection and quantification of bacterial VOCs with high sensitivity.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Rui Su, Tongtong Yang, Xinrui Zhang, Na Li, Xingying Zhai, Huanwen Chen
Summary: Breath analysis is an attractive and non-invasive strategy for monitoring metabolic dynamics in living organisms. Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical platform for breath analysis, and ambient mass spectrometry has been widely adopted due to its minimal/sample pretreatment requirements. This tutorial review introduces the principles, setup, procedures, applications, and future prospects of mass spectrometry-based techniques for breath analysis, aiming to facilitate further development and application in this field.
TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Juanjuan Shao, Yi Yang, Tianyue Wang, Yangliu Liu, Zhen Wang, Yuan Zhao, Jilu Sun
Summary: This study aimed to develop an efficient deodorization process for loach production. The trehalose-sweet wine koji method was selected, and the optimal deodorization conditions were determined. The final trimethylamine content of loach was reduced by 89%, and the deodorization effect was confirmed by GC-IMS analysis.
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Amalia Z. Berna, Audrey R. Odom John
Summary: Breath analysis shows potential as a diagnostic method for infectious diseases by detecting volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath. It is noninvasive, safe, and easy to perform. However, challenges such as poor standardization of breath collection and analysis, as well as a lack of validation studies, need to be addressed.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Hyun Cheol Chung, Yoon-Koo Kang, Zhendong Chen, Yuxian Bai, Wan Zamaniah Wan Ishak, Byoung Yong Shim, Young Lee Park, Dong-Hoe Koo, Jianwei Lu, Jianming Xu, Hong Jae Chon, Li-Yuan Bai, Shan Zeng, Ying Yuan, Yen-Yang Chen, Kangsheng Gu, Wen Yan Zhong, Shu Kuang, Chie-Schin Shih, Shu-Kui Qin
Summary: The study compared pembrolizumab with paclitaxel as second-line therapy for Asian patients with advanced PD-L1-positive gastric/GEJ cancer. The results showed no significant difference in overall survival and progression-free survival between the two drugs, but pembrolizumab was well-tolerated in this patient population.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Y. Doki, J. A. Ajani, K. Kato, J. Xu, L. Wyrwicz, S. Motoyama, T. Ogata, H. Kawakami, C. -H. Hsu, A. Adenis, F. El Hajbi, M. Di Bartolomeo, M. I. Braghiroli, E. Holtved, S. A. Ostoich, H. R. Kim, M. Ueno, W. Mansoor, W. -C. Yang, T. Liu, J. Bridgewater, T. Makino, I. Xynos, X. Liu, M. Lei, K. Kondo, A. Patel, J. Gricar, I. Chau, Y. Kitagawa
Summary: In patients with advanced esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma, both first-line treatment with nivolumab plus chemotherapy and first-line treatment with nivolumab plus ipilimumab resulted in significantly longer overall survival than chemotherapy alone, with no new safety signals identified.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jianming Xu, Yi Li, Qingxia Fan, Yongqian Shu, Lei Yang, Tongjian Cui, Kangsheng Gu, Min Tao, Xiuwen Wang, Chengxu Cui, Nong Xu, Juxiang Xiao, Quanli Gao, Yunpeng Liu, Tao Zhang, Yuxian Bai, Wei Li, Yiping Zhang, Guanghai Dai, Dong Ma, Jingdong Zhang, Chunmei Bai, Yunchao Huang, Wangjun Liao, Lin Wu, Xi Chen, Yan Yang, Junye Wang, Shoujian Ji, Hui Zhou, Yan Wang, Zhuo Ma, Yanqi Wang, Bo Peng, Jiya Sun, Christoph Mancao
Summary: Sintilimab, a PD-1 inhibitor, has shown significant improvement in overall survival as a second-line treatment for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. It has a lower incidence of treatment-related adverse events and shows associations with certain biomarkers of efficacy.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hui Wang, Yiyin Zhang, Qianling Wang, Xiaoli Wei, Hua Wang, Kangsheng Gu
Summary: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are a crucial host defense mechanism, playing significant roles not only in infectious inflammation but also in noninfectious conditions. Regulation of NETosis process by various stimuli and signaling pathways can impact the release of NETs, which in turn affects cancer biological behaviors.
CELL AND BIOSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Ziting Qu, Qianling Wang, Hui Wang, Yang Jiao, Min Li, Wei Wei, Yu Lei, Zhiyan Zhao, Tengteng Zhang, Yiyin Zhang, Kangsheng Gu
Summary: This clinical study aimed to investigate whether inflammatory markers could predict the survival of advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients undergoing anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) therapy. The results showed that NLR, PLR, MLR, dNLR, and SII were associated with the short-term efficacy of immunotherapy in AGC patients. Specifically, PLR was found to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) in AGC patients receiving first-line immunotherapy, while NLR was an independent prognostic factor for OS in AGC patients receiving second-line or posterior immunotherapy. The number of metastatic sites was also significantly correlated with the prognosis of AGC patients who received immunotherapy.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Jie Zhang, Yueyin Pan, Qin Shi, Guojun Zhang, Liyan Jiang, Xiaorong Dong, Kangsheng Gu, Huijuan Wang, Xiaochun Zhang, Nong Yang, Yuping Li, Jianping Xiong, Tienan Yi, Min Peng, Yong Song, Yun Fan, Jiuwei Cui, Gongyan Chen, Wei Tan, Aimin Zang, Qisen Guo, Guangqiang Zhao, Ziping Wang, Jianxing He, Wenxiu Yao, Xiaohong Wu, Kai Chen, Xiaohua Hu, Chunhong Hu, Lu Yue, Da Jiang, Guangfa Wang, Junfeng Liu, Guohua Yu, Junling Li, Jianling Bai, Wenmin Xie, Weihong Zhao, Lihong Wu, Caicun Zhou
Summary: The study found that the LP regimen showed similar efficacy in terms of PFS, OS, ORR, and DCR compared to the GP regimen for patients with locally advanced or metastatic LSCC. However, the LP regimen had more favorable toxicity profiles. Additionally, the study identified a range of different cytokines that may be associated with clinical benefits in patients receiving the LP regimen.
CANCER COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Zhi Peng, Tianshu Liu, Jia Wei, Airong Wang, Yifu He, Liuzhong Yang, Xizhi Zhang, Nanfeng Fan, Suxia Luo, Zhen Li, Kangsheng Gu, Jianwei Lu, Jianming Xu, Qingxia Fan, Ruihua Xu, Liangming Zhang, Enxiao Li, Yuping Sun, Guohua Yu, Chunmei Bai, Yong Liu, Jiangzheng Zeng, Jieer Ying, Xinjun Liang, Nong Xu, Chao Gao, Yongqian Shu, Dong Ma, Guanghai Dai, Shengmian Li, Ting Deng, Yuehong Cui, Jianmin Fang, Yi Ba, Lin Shen
Summary: The study reported the efficacy and safety of a novel anti-HER2 antibody RC48 in patients with HER2-overexpressing gastric cancer, showing promising therapeutic activity and manageable safety, suggesting potential application in patients who have previously received at least two lines of chemotherapy.
CANCER COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Yuankai Shi, Baolan Li, Lin Wu, Yueyin Pan, Zhijie Pan, Yunpeng Liu, Yun Fan, Yinghua Ji, Jian Fang, Qin Shi, Jianhua Shi, Hongjun Gao, Yanping Hu, Xiang Wang, Zhiyong He, Rui Ma, Yu Zhang, Da Jiang, Yuansong Bai, Yi Zhang, Linian Huang, Tong Zhou, Hailong Liu, Daqing Wang, Qinglian Wen, Gongyan Chen, Aimin Zang, Xiuwen Wang, Xinri Zhang, Jianbing Hu, Runxiang Yang, Guojun Zhang, Kangsheng Gu, Lin Wang, Qiming Wang, Zonghui Wei, Zeng Li, Hongda Lu, Helong Zhang, Hongyu Chen, Tingting Song
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Limertinib in patients with locally advanced or metastatic EGFR T790M-mutated NSCLC. The results showed that Limertinib demonstrated promising efficacy and an acceptable safety profile in these patients.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Zhihao Lu, Junye Wang, Yongqian Shu, Lianke Liu, Li Kong, Lei Yang, Buhai Wang, Guogui Sun, Yinghua Ji, Guochun Cao, Hu Liu, Tongjian Cui, Na Li, Wensheng Qiu, Gaofeng Li, Xinfang Hou, Hui Luo, Liying Xue, Yanqiao Zhang, Wenbin Yue, Zheng Liu, Xiuwen Wang, Shegan Gao, Yueyin Pan, Marie-Pierre Galais, Aziz Zaanan, Zhuo Ma, Haoyu Li, Yan Wang, Lin Shen
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of sintilimab in combination with chemotherapy for patients with unresectable locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The results demonstrated significant improvements in overall survival and progression free survival with sintilimab plus cisplatin and paclitaxel compared to placebo plus chemotherapy. Similar benefits were seen with sintilimab plus cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Guanghui Gao, Jun Zhao, Shengxiang Ren, Yina Wang, Gongyan Chen, Jianhua Chen, Kangsheng Gu, Renhua Guo, Yueyin Pan, Quanren Wang, Weixia Li, Xinfeng Yang, Caicun Zhou
Summary: This study assessed the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab plus apatinib as second-line treatment in patients with advanced squamous NSCLC. The combination therapy showed satisfactory antitumor activity and manageable safety profile in this patient population. However, interstitial pneumonia and hemorrhage were identified as important risks that require careful monitoring and prompt intervention.
ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Xinyan Zeng, Yiruo Zhang, Yiyin Zhang, Yu Lei, Kangsheng Gu
Summary: This study reported two cases of acquired resistance and pleural metastasis with uncontrolled massive bloody pleural effusion after immunotherapy. Next-generation sequencing of the pleural fluid from the two patients revealed gene mutations in the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, suggesting that FGF may be involved in the development of pembrolizumab resistance. The combination of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may be a promising option for cancer patients.
ANNALS OF PALLIATIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Guanghui Gao, Jian Ni, Yina Wang, Shengxiang Ren, Zhihua Liu, Gongyan Chen, Kangsheng Gu, Aimin Zang, Jun Zhao, Renhua Guo, Jianxing He, Xiaoyan Lin, Yueyin Pan, Zhiyong Ma, Zhehai Wang, Min Fan, Yunpeng Liu, Shundong Cang, Xinfeng Yang, Weixia Li, Quanren Wang, Caicun Zhou
Summary: Camrelizumab plus apatinib showed moderate antitumor activity and acceptable safety profile in previously treated patients with advanced NSCLC and EGFR or ALK genetic aberrations.
TRANSLATIONAL LUNG CANCER RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Fengying Wu, Tao Jiang, Gongyan Chen, Yunchao Huang, Jianying Zhou, Lizhu Lin, Jifeng Feng, Zhehai Wang, Yongqian Shu, Jianhua Shi, Yi Hu, Qiming Wang, Ying Cheng, Jianhua Chen, Xiaoyan Lin, Yongsheng Wang, Jianan Huang, Jiuwei Cui, Lejie Cao, Yunpeng Liu, Yiping Zhang, Yueyin Pan, Jun Zhao, LiPing Wang, Jianhua Chang, Qun Chen, Xiubao Ren, Wei Zhang, Yun Fan, Zhiyong He, Jian Fang, Kangsheng Gu, Xiaorong Dong, Tao Zhang, Wei Shi, Jianjun Zou, Xuejuan Bai, Shengxiang Ren, Caicun Zhou
Summary: This study investigates the predictive value of tumor immune microenvironmental marker expression in patients with advanced NSCLC receiving PD-1 blockade plus chemotherapy, and finds that CD8/PD-L1 or CD68/PD-L1 co-expression is associated with treatment efficacy.
CANCER COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Guoliang Shao, Yuxian Bai, Xianglin Yuan, Xiaomin Chen, Shanzhi Gu, Kangsheng Gu, Chunhong Hu, Houjie Liang, Yabing Guo, Jufeng Wang, Chia-Jui Yen, Victor Ho-Fun Lee, Chunxiao Wang, Ryan C. Widau, Wanli Zhang, Junjun Liu, Qiang Zhang, Shukui Qin
Summary: The REACH-2 China study found that ramucirumab demonstrated clinically meaningful improvement in overall survival in Chinese patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuankai Shi, Jian Fang, Xuezhi Hao, Shucai Zhang, Yunpeng Liu, Lin Wang, Jianhua Chen, Yi Hu, Xiaosheng Hang, Juan Li, Chunling Liu, Yiping Zhang, Zhehai Wang, Yanping Hu, Kangsheng Gu, Jian'an Huang, Liangming Zhang, Jinlu Shan, Weiwei Ouyang, Yanqiu Zhao, Wu Zhuang, Yan Yu, Jun Zhao, Helong Zhang, Pei Lu, Weidong Li, Meimei Si, Mingjing Ge, Huaize Geng
Summary: WX-0593, a novel and highly selective oral ALK and ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, demonstrated promising antitumor activity and favorable safety in advanced NSCLC patients with ALK or ROS1 rearrangement. The overall objective response rate was relatively high, especially in patients who were ALK-rearranged and ALK TKI naive.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2022)
