Review
Urology & Nephrology
Madhu C. Bhaskaran, Sebastiaan Heidt, Thangamani Muthukumar
Summary: HLAs are the primary determinants of alloimmunity. Crossmatch tests assess the immunologic risk of a recipient by testing for circulating antibodies against donor antigens. Virtual crossmatch (VXM) tests determine immunologic compatibility between recipient and donor using laboratory tests. VXM has the potential to reduce cold ischemia time without increasing rejection episodes.
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jinsoo Rhu, Jieun Kwon, Manuel Lim, Namkee Oh, Sunghyo An, Seung Wook Han, Sung Jun Jo, Sunghae Park, Gyu-Seong Choi, Jong Man Kim, Jae-Won Joh
Summary: This study analyzed the risk and factors associated with better outcome in liver retransplantation. The analysis included adult liver transplantations performed from 1996 to 2021. Comparisons were made between first transplantations and retransplantations, as well as between whole liver and partial liver grafts in retransplantation cases. Multivariable Cox analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for primary graft and overall patient survival. The results indicate that retransplantation is associated with poor graft and patient survival compared to the first transplantation, especially when the graft size is relatively small. Lowering the FK506 trough level during the first month can improve outcomes.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Qingyong Xu, Vivian C. McAlister, Andrew A. House, Michele Molinari, Steve Leckie, Adriana Zeevi
Summary: Autoantibodies, such as LG3-A and AT1R-AA, are associated with poor outcomes after liver retransplantation. Patients who are double-positive for LG3-A and DSA or LG3-A and AT1R-AA have synergistic deleterious effects on regraft survival. Screening for these antibodies can help identify patients at higher risk for liver transplantation.
CLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Robert J. Fontana, Yi-Ju Li, Elizabeth Phillips, Naba Saeed, Huiman Barnhart, David Kleiner, Jay Hoofnagle
Summary: Allopurinol hepatotoxicity is associated with systemic hypersensitivity, short latency to onset, particularly in African Americans, and three HLA risk alleles: HLA-B*58:01, HLA-B*53:01, and HLA-A*34:02. Testing for 58:01 may help confirm a diagnosis of hepatotoxicity in allopurinol-treated patients.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chak-Sum Ho, Kyle R. Putnam, Christine R. Peiter, Walter F. Herczyk, John A. Gerlach, Yee Lu, Erica L. Campagnaro, Kenneth J. Woodside, Matthew F. Cusick
Summary: We report the first case of Daratumumab interference causing false-positive results in crossmatch tests for kidney transplant. The interference was due to the binding of Daratumumab to CD38 on donor cells. We also investigated the variability of CD38 expression and its impact on transplantation outcome. A simple cell treatment method was identified to mitigate Daratumumab interference.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Isabel M. A. Bruggenwirth, Maureen J. M. Werner, Rene Adam, Wojciech G. Polak, Vincent Karam, Michael A. Heneghan, Arianeb Mehrabi, Juergen L. Klempnauer, Andreas Paul, Darius F. Mirza, Johann Pratschke, Mauro Salizzoni, Daniel Cherqui, Michael Allison, Olivier Soubrane, Steven J. Staffa, David Zurakowski, Robert J. Porte, Vincent E. de Meijer
Summary: A risk model was developed using data from the European Liver Transplantation Registry to predict survival after liver retransplantation. The model included seven predictors of graft survival and created a simplified risk score ranging from 0-10. Different risk groups identified had significantly different 5-year survival rates, with external validation showing closely aligned expected survival rates with observed mortality probabilities.
TRANSPLANT INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Shin Young Park, Sang Pyung Lee, Woo Jin Kim
Summary: This study found that increased gut inflammation, measured by fecal calprotectin, is associated with consciousness and systemic response in stroke patients, highlighting the potential usefulness of fecal calprotectin in stroke management.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Xu Liu, Kun Dian Guo, Jingfang Lin, Xue Gong, Ai Qing Li, Dong Zhou, Zhen Hong
Summary: This study found a strong association between certain HLA class II alleles such as DRB1*03:01 and anti-LGI1 encephalitis in Chinese patients. Carriers of the DRB1*03:01 allele were more likely to be female, have a younger age of disease onset, and respond better to immunotherapy.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Pablo Juanes-Velasco, Alicia Landeira-Vinuela, Vanessa Acebes-Fernandez, Angela-Patricia Hernandez, Marina L. Garcia-Vaquero, Carlota Arias-Hidalgo, Halin Bareke, Enrique Montalvillo, Rafael Gongora, Manuel Fuentes
Summary: Genetic variability in HLA genes can impact susceptibility to diseases, and understanding immune responses across different populations requires sensitive methods for deciphering peptides loaded on MHC molecules. Developing novel strategies and databases could aid in vaccine development and identifying high-risk HLA types for prioritization in vaccination programs.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Manuel Muro, Isabel Legaz
Summary: HLA compatibility, viral infections, and HLA-C/KIR combinations are all related to liver transplant rejection and survival. Presence of DSAs in the recipient may lead to increased risk of acute and chronic rejection, faster graft fibrosis, biliary problems, poorer survival, and even de novo autoimmune hepatitis. High-risk patients with preformed DSAs and higher MFI values should be considered for selecting the graft placed and desensitization methods. In cases of combined kidney-liver transplant, DSAs resistant to treatment may result in antibody-mediated rejection and loss of the renal graft.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Da-Hua Liu, Fei-Fei Mou, Min An, Pu Xia
Summary: Malignant tumors pose a serious threat to human health and life, as well as hinder economic development. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is the most complex known polymorphic system, which has been shown to be associated with tumor occurrence and development. HLA molecules can regulate tumor cell proliferation and inhibit anti-tumor immunity. This review summarizes the structure and function of HLA molecules, the polymorphism and expression of HLA in tumor tissue, the roles of HLA in tumor cells and tumor immunity, and the potential clinical application of HLA in tumor immunotherapy, aiming to provide relevant information for the development of anti-tumor immunotherapies involving HLA in the clinic.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Dulat Bekbolsynov, Beata Mierzejewska, Sadik Khuder, Obinna Ekwenna, Michael Rees, Robert C. Green, Stanislaw M. Stepkowski
Summary: The study used physicochemical immunogenicity of donor/recipient HLAs to select weakly immunogenic kidney transplants for Black patients, leading to an increase in the number of suitable donors for Black recipients while still providing good options for non-Black recipients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Min Tan, Shijun Li, Franceline Juillard, Rute Chitas, Tania F. Custodio, Han Xue, Agnieszka Szymula, Qiming Sun, Bing Liu, Angel L. Alvarez, She Chen, Jing Huang, J. Pedro Simas, Colin E. McVey, Kenneth M. Kaye
Summary: The histone methyltransferase MLL1 is recruited by KSHV latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) to establish H3K4me3 modifications at extensive KSHV terminal repeat elements during primary infection, suggesting a central role for MLL1 in virus infection.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Anushka Das, Timucin Taner, Jim Kim, Juliet Emamaullee
Summary: Simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation (SLKT) has seen increased utilization since the 1960s, with ongoing debates regarding the immunological privilege of the liver, role of donor-specific HLA antibody (DSA) and crossmatch testing. Studies suggest that while the liver can reduce rejection rates, pretransplant risk assessment should consider liver function, previous transplants, and other factors. Furthermore, the role of specific DSAs and evolving immunosuppression protocols require further research to optimize outcomes for SLKT recipients.
Article
Oncology
Naoki Oike, Hiroyuki Kawashima, Akira Ogose, Hiroshi Hatano, Takashi Ariizumi, Tetsuro Yamagishi, Yudai Murayama, Hajime Umezu, Chihaya Imai, Masanori Hayashi, Naoto Endo
Summary: The study found that different subtypes of liposarcomas have unique tumor immune microenvironments, with varying prognosis and immune marker expressions. This suggests that immunotherapy approaches for liposarcomas should be tailored based on subtype differences.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY
(2021)